DESIGN OF A WEB PORTAL FOR AN ENTERPRISE

CHAPTER-I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Overview

The enterprise information portal is an essential technology component in finding a solution

to improve the efficiency of an organization's socio-techno information processing capability and
should remain a going concern on the customer invoice order agenda.

The ever-changing information technologies constantly bring new opportunities for businesses to
streamline operations, improve inter-business interactions, optimize costs and thus get critical
competitive advantages. In the knowledge-intensive economy of today, portals become
integrated “anytime—anywhere access “platforms for information delivery, communication,
collaboration and automating business processes through interconnected applications and web
services. It delivers end-to-end Portal solutions embracing the latest technologies and business
trends:

Enterprise portals are the next generation internet technologies providing services like
information arrangement, new pertaining to the enterprise search of useful and instant other
information. This system will enable you to experience enhanced accessibility based on your
requirements

Portals are complete information gateway to many users worldwide. A portal aware visitor about
your market presence. It is a generic collection of information of your company and provides all
information about your products and services. Apart from the standard search engine feature,
web portals offer other services such as e-mail, news, stock prices, information, and
entertainment. They are like any real market place or shopping mall where companies and
organization deal directly with the end user.

Developing our own business portal is an excellent way to establish our presence in our business
class. It provides you with an ample database to help you connect with not only our customers,
but also institutions and organizations relevant to our business. It can also help you keep tabs on

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our potential market, keeping abreast various products and services in demand, allow free and
convenient exchange of insights that may prove crucial to the growth and spread of our business

Fig 1.1 Modular Kitchens

1.2 Objective

 Demonstrate the ability to design, build, and deploy a large scale multi-tiered portal-
based application
 Web solution in the context of a business environment.

 Using portals to implement workflow management across company business processes.

 Construct an end-to-end portal-based Web Solution by assembling, configuring and

integrating existing building blocks

 Evaluate important considerations when deploying portal-based multi-tier Web solutions

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1.3 Project Description

There are two types of users for this System.

1. Administrator

2. Customers.

Customers use the system to shop products online; the central server of the system automatically
generates the customer’s account. The system is designed to customers to shop online.
Customers must first register online to use the system. After the online registration is completed,
the customers can check their registration status on the Internet with their unique username and
password. Monthly / yearly product offers are also emailed to customers.

Another feature of the system is to notify customers about the products and services
through SMS. This Web portal contain online shopping, updates of accessory prices, search
engine with in portal, free e-mail services, links to other sites, SMS option to staff from the
Customer through Company web portal.

This Enterprise web portal mainly deals with

1. Modular Kitchens,
2. Wooden Floorings,

3. Hindware Kitchen Accessories.

User authentication (registration/login) for the customer who wants to purchase online, single
sign-on, profiling, multilevel membership, user administration, user behavior tracking, reporting
and analysis. Visitors of this web portal who are interested in purchasing modular kitchens, they
can submit their site address and desired date to visit their site for further feedback from the
company.

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Aside from these key features, customized portals provide database which are both most
comprehensive and well-integrated to market the product or services to the target market in a
straight line.

CHAPTER II

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION

2.1 Introduction

A software requirements specification (SRS) is a comprehensive description of the

intended purpose and environment for software under development. The SRS fully describes
what the software will do and how it will be expected to perform.

A SRS minimizes the time and effort required by developers to achieve desired goals and
also minimizes the development cost. A good SRS defines how an application will interact with
system hardware, other programs and human users in a wide variety of real-world situations.

SRS describes the functionality, characteristics and constraints that are applicable for the
application. The SRS can be defined as a condition of capacity needed by a user to solve a
problem or achieve an objective. SRS helps the events to understand their own needs.

 SRS provides a reference for validation of the final report.

 A high quality SRS is a perquisite to high quality software.

 A high quality SRS reduces the development cost.

A well designed SRS accomplishes four major goals

 It provides feedback to the customer. An SRS is the customer's assurance that the
development organization understands the issues or problems to be solved and the software
behavior necessary to address those problems. Therefore, the SRS should be written in
natural language (versus a formal language, explained later in this article), in an

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unambiguous manner that may also include charts, tables, dataflow diagrams, decision tables,
and so on.
 It decomposes the problem into component parts. The simple act of writing down
software requirements in a well-designed format organizes information, places borders
around the problem, solidifies ideas, and helps break down the problem into its
component parts in an orderly fashion.

 It serves as an input to the design specification. As mentioned previously, the SRS serves
as the parent document to subsequent documents, such as the software design
specification and statement of work. Therefore, the SRS must contain sufficient detail in
the functional system requirements so that a design solution can be devised.

 It serves as a product validation check. The SRS also serves as the parent document for
testing and validation strategies that will be applied to the requirements for verification.

2.2 Functional Requirements

 Functional Requirements for Members

1. Login

2. Shopping cart

3. Receive invoice

4. View shopping history

5. Search information of product

6. Change of password

 Functional Requirements for Administrators

1. Login

2. Update information of product

3. Update information of member

4. Update information of administrator

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5. Update invoice and transaction

6. Print Invoice

7. Print Report

8. Change of password

Enterprise Web portal has many benefits to offer

 It is advanced and configurable, meaning it can give the broadest range of control and
management options that will let management fine-tune operations until they are exactly
as desire.
 It supports real-time payment pay pal processing; meaning authorizations are received
before receipts are issued. It meets all regulatory approvals for processing credit cards
including VISA, Master Card, American Express, Diners Club and every major ATM
card network nationwide.
 Convenience (i.e., website reservations and payment via credit/debit card)
 Sense of ownership
 Online Purchasing availability ensured at product and services destination
 Customer satisfaction
 Facilitates implementation of sustainable online products strategies (i.e. smart online
shopping)

2.3 Non-Functional Requirements

These are the requirements that are not directly concerned with specific functions
delivered by the software. These include software interface requirements, hardware interface
requirements which include all the software and hardware requirements.

Many organizations focus on the functional aspect of the system-WHAT it does -rather
than the non-functional - HOW it does it. Non-functional elements comprise everything from

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performance to security to usability. Without clear, early definition of non-functional

requirements, it is possible that a system could be delivered which does exactly what the
customer wants, but is difficult to use, slow, insecure, or is not scalable. Once again, this can
lead to the development rework, although some non-functional areas are so integral to the design
of the product, it can be difficult to correct them without starting the project again.

2.4 Hardware and Software Requirements

Hardware

 Processor : Pentium 4 with 2.5 GHz

 Memory : 5 GB.

 RAM : 1GB or Above

 Internet Connection : Required

Software

 Operating System : Windows Family (XP,Vista)

 Presentation : ASP.NET.
 Database : SQL Server 2005.
 Data Access : ADO.NET.
 Language : C#
 Web Server : IIS [Internet Information Server].
 Development kit : Visual Studio 2008

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CHAPTER III

LITERATURE SURVEY

3.1 Introduction to .NET Technology

Dot NET is the Microsoft Web services strategy to connect information, people, systems,
and devices through software. Integrated across the Microsoft platform, .NET technology
provides the ability to quickly build, deploy, manage, and use connected, security-enhanced with
Web services. .NET-connected solutions enable business to integrate their systems more rapidly
and in a more agile manner and help they realize the promise of information anytime, anywhere,
on any devices. Microsoft .NET is a software for connecting people, information, systems, and
devices.

The subsequent development was kept very much under wraps at Microsoft. Only key
Microsoft partners realized the true importance of NGWS until it was re-christened as .NET and
introduced to the public at the PDC. At that point, development had been underway for over two
years, and most attendees were pleasantly surprised to see the enormous strides Microsoft had
made.

What are Web Services?

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If you ask for a developer what web services are, you’ll hear something like, “self-
describing software modules, semantically encapsulated discrete functionality, wrapped in and
accessible via standard Internet communication protocols like XML and SOAP.”

Benefits of Web Services

By enabling applications to share data across different hardware platforms and operating
systems, Web services provide many benefits, including:

 Opening the door to new business opportunities by making it easy to connect with
the partners.
 Delivering dramatically more personal, integrated experiences to users through the new breed
of smart devices including PCs.

 Saving time and money by cutting development time.

Internet Information Service (IIS)

IIS (Internet Information Server) is a group of Internet servers (including a Web or

Hypertext Transfer Protocol server and a File Transfer Protocol server) with additional
capabilities for Microsoft's Windows NT and Windows 2000 Server operating systems.

In Web page serving, With IIS, Microsoft includes a set of programs for building and
administering Web sites, a search engine, and support for writing Web-based applications that
access databases.

A typical company that buys IIS can create pages for Web sites using Microsoft's Front
Page product (with its WYSIWYG user interface). Web developers can use Microsoft's Active
Server Pages (ASP) technology, which means that applications - including ActiveX controls -
can be imbedded in Web pages that modify the content sent back to users. Developers can also
write programs that filter requests and get the correct Web pages for different users by using
Microsoft's Internet Server Application Program Interface (ISAPI) interface. ASPs and ISAPI
programs run more efficiently than common gateway interface (CGI) and server-side includes
(SSI) programs, two current technologies.

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3.2 An Overview of .NET Framework

First and foremost, .NET is a framework that covers all the layers of software
development from the operating system up. It provides the richest level of integration among
presentation technologies, component technologies, and data technologies ever seen on a
Microsoft platform. Secondly, the entire architecture has been created to make it as easy to
develop Internet applications as it is to develop for the desktop environment.

DOT NET actually "wraps" the operating system, insulating software developed
with .NET from most operating system specifics such as file handling and memory allocation.
This prepares for a possible future in which the software developed for .NET is portable to a
wide variety of hardware and operating system foundations. (Beta one of Visual Studio.NET
supports all versions of Windows 2000 plus Windows NT4, Windows 9x, and Windows
Millennium Edition.)

The major components of the .NET framework are shown in the below diagram:

Fig 3.2 the .NET Framework Overview

The framework starts all the way down at the memory management and component
loading level, and goes all the way up to multiple ways of rendering user and program interfaces.

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In between, there are layers that provide just about any system-level capability that a developer
would need.

At the base is the Common Language Runtime, often abbreviated to CLR. This is the
heart of the .NET framework, the engine that drives key functionality. It includes, for example, a
common system of data types. These common types, plus a standard interface convention, make
cross-language inheritance possible. In addition to allocation and management of memory, the
CLR also does reference counting for objects, and handles garbage collection.

The middle layer includes the next generation of standard system services such as
ADO.NET and XML. These services are brought under the control of the framework, making
them universally available and standardizing their usage across languages.

The top layer includes user and program interfaces. Windows Forms (often informally
referred to as Win Forms) are a new way to create standard Win32 desktop applications, based
on the Windows Foundation Classes (WFC) produced for J++. Web Forms provide a powerful,
forms-based UI for the web. Web Services, which are perhaps the most revolutionary, provide a
mechanism for programs to communicate over the Internet using SOAP. Web Services provide
an analog of COM and DCOM for object brokering and interfacing, but based on Internet
technologies so that allowance is made for integration even with non-Microsoft platforms. Web
Forms and Web Services, comprise the Internet interface portion of .NET, and are implemented
through a section of the .NET Framework referred to as ASP.NET.

All of these are available to any language that is based on the .NET platform. For
completeness, there is also a console interface that allows creation of character-based
applications (not shown in the diagram 3.2).

Common Language Runtime

Let's start with a definition. A runtime is an environment in which programs are

executed. The Common Language Runtime is therefore the environment in which we run
our .NET applications that have been compiled to a common language, namely Microsoft
Intermediate Language (MSIL), often referred to simply as IL. Runtimes have been around even

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longer than DOS, but the Common Language Runtime (CLR) is as advanced over traditional
runtimes as a light bulb is over a candle. Here's a quick diagrammatic summary of the major
pieces of the CLR.

As shown in the figure, that small part in the middle, called Execution Support contains
most of the capabilities normally associated with a language runtime (such as the
VBRUNxxx.DLL runtime used with Visual Basic). The rest is new, at least for Microsoft
platforms. Understanding the CLR is key to understanding the rest of .NET, hence, here is a
short introduction.

Fig. 3.2.1 Major pieces of the CLR.

Common Language Specification

Language interoperability is the ability of the code to interact with code that is written
using a different programming language. Language interoperability can help maximum code
reuse and, therefore, improve the efficiency of the development process. Because developers use
a wide variety of tools and technologies, each of which might support different features and
types, it has historically been difficult to ensure language interoperability. However, language
compilers and tools that target the common language runtime benefit from the runtime’s built-in

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support for language interoperability. To ensure that you can develop managed code that can be
fully used by developers using any programming language, a set of language features and rules
for using them called the Common Language Specification (CLS) has been defined. Components
that follow these rules and expose only CLS features are considered CLS compliant. If your
component uses only CLS features in the API that it exposes to other code (including derived
classes), the component is guaranteed to be accessible from any programming language that
supports the CLS. Components that adhere to the CLS rules and use only the features included in
the CLS are said to be CLS-compliant components.

Common Type Systems

The Common Type System (CTS) defines how types are declared, used, and managed in
the runtime, and is also an important part of the runtime’s support for cross-language integration.
The CTS performs the following functions:

 Establish a framework that helps enable cross-language integration, type safety, and high
performance code execution.
 Provides an object-oriented model that supports the complete implementation of many
programming languages.

 Define rules that languages must follow, which helps ensure that objects written in
different languages can interact with each other.

 The CTS also defines the rules that ensure that the data types of objects written in various
languages are able to interact with each other.

3.3 ASP.NET Technology

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For years now, Active Server Pages has been arguably the leading choice for web
developers building dynamic Websites on Windows Web servers. ASP has gained popularity by
offering the simplicity of flexible scripting via several languages. That, combined with the fact
that’s built into every Microsoft Windows-based Web server, has made ASP difficult act to
follow.

Early in 2002, Microsoft released its new technology for Internet development.
Originally called ASP, it was finally released as ASP.NET, and represents a leap forward from
ASP both in sophistication and productivity for developers can now choose between several
fully-fledged programming languages. Development in ASP.NET requires not only an
understanding of HTML and Web design, but also a firm grasp of the concepts of object-oriented
programming and development. ASP.NET is a server side technology for developing web
applications based on the Microsoft.Net Framework.

3.3.1 Advantages of ASP.NET

 ASP.NET pages are compiled, not interpreted .Instead of reading and interpreting your
code every time a dynamic page is requested, ASP.NET compiles dynamic pages into
efficient binary files that the server can execute very quickly. This represents a big jump
in performance when compared with the technology’s interpreted predecessor, ASP.
 ASP.NET has full access to the functionality of the .NET Framework. Support for XML,
Web Services, database interaction, email, regular expression and many other
technologies are built right into .NET which saves you from having to reinvent the wheel.
 ASP.NET allows you to separate the server-side code in your pages from HTML layout.
When you’re working with a team composed of programmers and HTML layout.

3.3.2 Disadvantages of ASP.NET

 ASP.NET is a Microsoft technology. While this isn’t a problem in itself, it does mean
that, at least for now, you need to use a Windows server to run an ASP.NET Website .If
your organization uses Linux or some operating system for its Web servers, you’re out of
luck.

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 Serious ASP.NET development requires an understanding of object-oriented

programming.

3.3.3 Using C# with ASP.NET

C# is a simple, modern, object oriented and type-safe programming derived from C and C++.
ASP.NET has been described as a technology and not a language. ASP.NET pages can be made
from one of many languages. As C# comes free with ASP.NET –so when you install ASP.NET
you get C# as well. In other words, creating web pages using C# and using ASP.NET to derive it.

What Is Ado.Net?

ADO.NET provides consistent access to data sources such as Microsoft SQL Server, as
well as data sources exposed through OLE DB and XML. Data-sharing consumer applications
can use ADO.NET to connect to these data sources and retrieve, manipulate, and update data.

ADO.NET cleanly factors data access from data manipulation into discrete components
that can be used separately or in tandem. ADO.NET includes .NET Framework data providers
for connecting to a database, executing commands, and retrieving results. Those results are either
processed directly, or placed in an ADO.NET Dataset object in order to be exposed to the user in
an ad-hoc manner, combined with data from multiple sources, or remoted between tiers. The
ADO.NET Dataset object can also be used independently of a .NET Framework data provider to
manage data local to the application or sourced from XML.

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Fig. 3.3.3 Dot Net Framework

How Does Ado.Net Works?

ADO.NET makes it possible to establish a connection with a data source, send queries
and update statements to the data source, and process the results.

ADO.NET has several key components

Applications or component processes and calls ADO.NET functions to submit SQL

statements and retrieve results.

Dataset: The Dataset is a memory-resident representation of data that provides a consistent

relational programming model regardless of the data source. It can be used with multiple and
differing data sources, used with XML data, or used to manage data local to the application. The

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Dataset represents a complete set of data including related tables, constraints, and relationships
among the tables.

Data Reader: Which provides a direct, read-only SQL interface to the backend? The Data Reader
is a component of the data provider.

Ado.Net Data Provider: Connects an ADO.NET application to the backend data source. The data
provider comprises the Connection, Command, Data Reader and Data Adapter objects. The data
provider supplies connection information through the Connection object.

3.4 Introduction to SQL Server

SQL was invented and developed by IBM in early 1970’s stands for structured query
language. IBM was able to demonstrate how to control relational database using SQL.

The Structured Query Language (SQL) comprises one of the fundamental building blocks
of modern database architecture. SQL defines the methods used to create and manipulate
relational databases on all major platforms. At first glance, the language may see intimidating
and complex but it’s really not all that bad. SQL Server 2005 exceeds dependability
requirements and provides innovative capabilities that increase employee effectiveness, integrate
heterogeneous IT ecosystems and maximize capital and operating budgets. SQL Sever 2005
provides the enterprise data management platform your organization needs to adapt quickly in a
fast-change environment.

With the lowest implementation and maintenance costs in the industry, SQL Server 2005
delivers rapid return on your data management investment. SQL Server 2005 supports the rapid
development of enterprise-class business applications that can give your company a critical
competitive advantage.

Benchmarked for scalability, speed and performance, SQL Server 2005 is a fully
enterprise-class database product, providing core support for Extensible Mark-up Language
(XML) and Internet queries.

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A table is a primary database object of sol that is used to store data. A table holds data in
the form of rows and columns.

SQL supports the following categories of commands to communicate with the database:

 Data Definition Language - Create, Alter, Drop

 Data Manipulation Language - Insert, Select, Delete and Update

 Transaction Control Language – Commit, Save Point & Roll back

 Data Control Language – Grant and Revoke commands

Benefits of SQL

 Non-procedural language, because more than one record can be accessed rather than one
record at a time.
 It is the common language for all relational databases. Very simple commands for
Queries, inserting, deleting and modifying data and objects.

CHAPTER IV

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

4.1 Introduction

System analysis is an important activity that takes place when we are building any new
system information or changing the existing ones.

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Analysis is used to understand the existing system and what is required of it. At the
conclusion of the analysis, there is a system description and set of requirements for the new
system, the analysis is only the requirement.

System modules are used to gain the ambiguities often found in the system. Modeling
techniques used in the system avoids ambiguity by using precise modeling and constructs and
process description. They also assist to define precisely the requirements of the new system.
Software tools that help [Analyst in their work support system analysis].

One of the most important factors aim system analysis is to develop a good
understanding of the system and its problem. A good understanding of the system enables the
system designer to identify the correct problems and suggest realistic solutions for them. A
system analyst must spend a lot of time talking to users and finding out how they expect from it.

4.2 Existing System

The drawbacks of existing system are:

 Insufficient venue for sales exhibition and lack of manpower.

 Lack of estimation of sales volume.

 Time consuming and unprecedented service to its members.

 Members(Customers) should visit on-site to order products and enquiry of services

 Manual invoice generation and billing of products.

4.3 Proposed System

The proposed systems are:

 The core element of this system is the EMS [Enhanced Messaging Service]. It is,
in effect, an interactive electronic market place and database.

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 EMS matches product demands with offer. It is the gateway that Customers can
easily use in order to find product offers matching their needs.
 EMS is accessed both by Customers, management and employees through a
specific interface to its central database.
 Company requires a web portal and online shopping system with a database
keeping the inventory and the invoicing information, and the system has to be
migrated to the Internet web server.

4.4 Advantages of Proposed System

 Advanced and Configurable.

 Real-Time Payment pay pal processing.

 Convenience

 Sense Of Ownership

 Product availability ensured at the destination

 Customer satisfaction

 Only accessible by Registered (Customers) members for online shopping;

 User friendly for computer illegitimate;

 Easy to maintain by system administrators

CHAPTER V

SOFTWARE DESIGN

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5.1 Introduction

Systems design is the process or art of defining the architecture, components, modules,
interfaces, and data for a system to satisfy specified requirements. One could see it as the
application of systems theory to product development.

The design process translates the requirements into the representation of the software that
can be asserts for quality before coding designs.

 Verification
 Completeness
 Consistency
 Efficiency
 Simplicity/Understandability

5.2 Data Flow Diagram

The data flow diagram (DFD) is one of the most important tools used by system analysis.
Data flow diagram is made up of a number of symbols, which represent system components.
Most data flow modeling methods use four kinds of symbols. These symbols are used to
represent four types of system components. Process, data stores, data flows and external entities.
Processes are represented by circles in DFD. Data Flow represented by a thin line in the DFD
and each data store has a unique name and square or rectangle represents external entities. Unlike
detailed flow chart, Data Flow Diagrams do not supply detailed description of the modules but
graphically describes a system’s data and how the data interact with the system.

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Fig. 5.2 Context Diagram

Fig 5.2.1 Data Flow Level 1 Diagram

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Fig 5.2.2 Data Flow Level 2 Diagram

5.3 Use Case Diagram

A use case in software engineering and systems engineering is a description of a

system’s behavior as it responds to a request that originates from outside of that system. In other
words, a use case describes "who" can do "what" with the system in question. The use case
technique is used to capture a system's behavioral requirements by detailing scenario-driven
threads through the functional requirements.

ADMINISTRATOR

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Fig 5.3.1 Use case Diagram for the System

USER

Fig 5.3.2 Use case Diagram for the System

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5.4 Sequence Diagram

A Sequence diagram in Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a kind of interaction

diagram that shows how processes operate with one another and in what order. It is a construct of
a Message Sequence Chart. Sequence diagrams are sometimes called event diagrams, event
scenarios, and timing diagrams.

Fig 5.4 Sequence Diagram for the System

5.5 Database Design

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Fig: 5.5 Database Design

5.6 ER-Diagram

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Fig: 5.6 ER-Diagram

CHAPTER VI

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DATABASE TEMPLATES

6.1 Database Details

A database is a collection of interrelated data stored with minimum redundancy to

serve many users quickly and efficiently. The general objective of database design is to make the
data access easy, inexpensive and flexible to the user.

tbl_Wooden Flooring

Column names Data type

PK_ID Int(auto increment)

Size Varchar(50)

Total Thickness Varchar(50)

NoOfPlanks Varchar(50)

AreaPerSqm Varchar(50)

Guarantee Varchar(50)

Applications Varchar(50)

Flooring Type Int

Status Int

Photo

Product Name Varchar(50)

Cost Int

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Table 6.1.1: Wooden Flooring

Column names Datatype

PK_ID Int(autoincrement) tbl_EnquiryModularkitchens

CustomerName Varchar(50)

Messages Varchar(50)

Address Varchar(50)

EmailID Varchar(50)

MobileNo Varchar(50)

DateToVisit DateTime
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ModelType Varchar(10)

Status Varchar(50)
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Table 6.1.2: Enquiry Modular Kitchens

tbl_transaction Details

Column name Data type

ID Int(auto increment)

FK_TID Int

FK_ProductID Int

NoOfQuantity Int

Amount Int Table 6.1.3: Transaction Details

tbl_StateDetails

Column name Data type

PK_ID Int(autoincrement)

State Name Varchar(50)

Table 6.1.4: State Details

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tbl_HindwareKitchen

Column name Data type

PK_ID Int(autoincrement)

ProductCode Int

ProductName Int

Size Int

SuctionCapacity Int

NoiseLevel Int

Lamps Int

Finish Varchar(50)

Controls Varchar(50)

Filter Varchar(50)

Photo

HindwareType Varchar(50)

Status Varchar(50)

Price int

Table 6.1.5: Hindware Kitchen

tbl_Transaction

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Column name Datatype

ID Int(autoincrement)

FK_RId int

SoldDate DateTime

CreditCardNo Int

Status Varchar(50)

Table 6.1.6: Transaction

tbl_Registration

Column names Datatype

PK_ID Int(autoincrement)

FirstName Varchar(50)

LastName Varchar(50)

Password Varchar(50)

Address Varchar(50)

ContactNo Int

EmailID Varchar(50)

FK_StateId Int

City Int

UserName Varchar(50)

UserType Int
Table 6.1.7 Registration

CHAPTER VII

SYSTEM TESTING

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7.1 Introduction

The philosophy behind testing is to find errors. The common view of testing is that it is
performed to prove that there are no errors in a program. However this is virtually impossible
since no program will be free and clear from errors. Therefore the useful and practical approach
for tracing the errors should be employed. Testing is a process of executing the program with the
explicit intention of finding errors, which makes program fail. Hence a successful test is one,
which finds an error. Testing is an activity, however, is not restricted to being performed after
the development phase is complete, but is to be carried parallel with all stages of system
development, starting with requirements specification.

Test cases were devised with this purpose in mind. A test is set of data that a system will
process as normal input. The software units developed in the system are modules and routines
that are assembled and integrated to perform the required function of the system. Test results,
once gathered and evaluated, provide a qualitative indication of software quality and reliability
and serve as a basis for design modification if required. In this phase, testing is done at different
levels. Actually testing is the state of implementation, which is aimed at ensuring that the system
works accurately and efficiently before live operations commence.

Testing goes side by side with the implementation that is aimed at ensuring that the
system works accurately and efficiently before the live operation is performed. The common
view of testing held but the user is to ensure that there are no errors in a program. Testing usually
means the process of executing a program with the explicit intention of handling errors.

7.2 Testing Principles

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Testing is done based on the following principles:

 All tests should be traceable to user requirements.

 Tests cases should be planned long before testing is done.

 Testing should begin in small and progress towards testing into large.

 To be most effective testing should be done by independent third party.

7.3 Testing Objectives

 Testing is the process of executing a program with the intent of finding an error.

 A good test case is one that has high profitability of finding an as yet discovered error.

 A successful test is one that uncovers a yet undiscovered error.

The developed system was tested whether it satisfies all the user requirements by taking
series of test cases.

Some of the various types of testing done on the system are:

 Unit Testing

 Integration Testing

 Validation Testing

 Output Testing

 System Testing

 User Acceptance Testing

 Black Box Testing

 White Box Testing

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Unit Testing

In unit testing the application developer tests the program in the system. The software
units in the system are the modules and routines that are assembled and integrated to perform a
specific function.

Unit testing first focuses on the modules, independent of one another to locate errors.
This enables the programmer to detect errors in logic that exists within that module. While
testing the module the concept of trace and breakpoints are applied at different stages of testing.

The unit testing of this project was done in which each and every module was tested with
a certain set of test data to ensure that the system works accurately. The unit testing was carried
out successfully.

Integration Testing

In integration testing the related modules are combined and the modules were executed
with a certain set of test data to ensure that the system works accurately. The integrated test was
carried out successfully.

Validation Testing

After the culmination of integration testing the software is ready as per the specification.
But it has to be validated as per the specification and to uncover the unexpected future errors and
to improve its reliability. The random value and boundary values as input is fed to the software
developed and studied the software performance and validated.

Output Testing

After performing the validation testing, the next step is output testing of the proposed
system, since no system no system could be useful if it does not produce the required output in
the specified format. The outputs generated or displayed by the system under consideration are
tested by asking the users about the format required by them.

System Testing

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When unit tests are satisfactorily concluded, the system, as a complete entity must be
tested. At this stage, end user and operators become actively involved in testing. While testing
one should also test to find discrepancies between the system and its original objective, current
specifications and system documentation.

For example, one module may expect the data item for employee number to be
numeric field, while other modules expect it to be a character data item. The system itself may
not report this error, but the output may show unexpected results. A record maybe crated and
stored in one module, using the employee number as a numeric field. If this is later sought on
retrieval with the expectation that it will be a character field, the field will not be recognized and
the message requested record not found would not be displayed.

User Acceptance Testing

User Acceptance test of a system was the factor for the success of the system. The system
under consideration was listed for user acceptance by keeping constant touch with the
perspective user of the system at the time of design, development and making changes whenever
required. This was done as follows:

 Input screen design

 Output design
o Menu Drive
o Formats for reports

Black Box Testing

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Black box testing is an approach to testing where the tests are derived from the program
or component specification. The system is a “black box “whose behavior can only be determined
by studying its inputs and the related outputs. Black box is only concerned with the functionality
and not the implementation of the software.

Black box testing attempts to derive sets of inputs that will fully exercise all the functional
requirements of a system. Here the system is a “black-box” whose behavior can only be
determined by studying its inputs and related outputs.

This type of testing attempts to find errors in the following category:

 Incorrect or missing functions.

 Errors in data structures or external database access.
 Interface and performance errors

Fig: 7.3.1 Black-box testing

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White Box Testing

White box testing (a.k.a. clear box testing, glass box testing, transparent box testing,
or structural testing) uses an internal perspective of the system to design test cases based on
internal structure. It requires programming skills to identify all paths through the software. The
tester chooses test case inputs to exercise paths through the code and determines the appropriate
outputs. In electrical hardware testing, every node in a circuit may be probed and measured.
Since the tests are based on the actual implementation, if the implementation changes, the tests
probably will need to change, too.

White box testing is an approach to testing where the tests are derived from knowledge of
the software structure and implementation. This testing technique is basically applied to
relatively small program units such as subroutines or operations associated with an object. The
tester can analyze the code and use the knowledge of a component to derive test data. The
analysis of the code can be used to find our how many test cases are needed to guarantee a larger
test coverage that is all of the statements in the program or component must be executed at least
once during the testing process.

Fig 7.3.2: White-box testing

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7.4 Test Cases

Test case is a set of test inputs, executions, and expected results developed for a particular
objective. Following are some of the important test cases and expected outcome as per the testing
plan used for the system.

An excellent test case satisfies the following criteria:

 Reasonable probability of catching an error.

 Does interesting things
 Doesn’t do unnecessary things
 Neither too simple nor too complex
 Not redundant with other tests
 Allows isolation and identification of errors

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Fig: 7.4 Test Cases of the Entire System

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CHAPTER VIII

SNAPSHOTS

Login Page

Fig: 1

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Admin Homepage

Fig: 2

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ENQUIRY OF MODULAR KITCHEN

Fig: 3

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Add Hindware Accessories

Fig: 4

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Add Wooden Floorings

Fig: 5

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Update Hindware Accessories

Fig: 6

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Update Wooden Floorings

Fig: 7

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Registered Customer

Fig: 8

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Home Page

Fig: 9

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Hindware Accessories

Fig: 10

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Gallery

Fig: 11

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Contact Page

Fig: 12

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CHAPTER IX

CONCLUSION

In this project “Design of a web portal for an enterprise company”, developing an

online shopping system for our Finla’s Entrepreneurs and system is expected to be launched in

the near future. In the system development, myself applied the skills that i have learnt in past

years and gained lot of experiences.

 Portal System is a WEB-BASED application which can be used anywhere on the internet
 This System is implemented using several commands which are already available in C#
& .NET library.

 The interface of this System is designed in ASP.NET and done the coding in C#.

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CHAPTER X

FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

As nothing is perfect under the sun, hence we can also make several enhancements

over this project in future. Because of time constraint we have implemented only important

features but in future we can implement several new and unique features on this software.

For further improvement of our system, i suggest to add some animations in our

system in order to make our system to be more attractive and more business perception. Besides,

we can further enhance our system’s functions in order to match the development of company

requirements

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CHAPTER XI

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Author Name Title of the book Published by year

By, Bill Evjen, Professional ASP.NET 2.0 WROX 2005

Scott
Hanselman,

Farhan
Muhammad,
Srinivasa
Shivakumar,
Devin Radar

By, Simon WROX 2004

Robinson,
Christian Nagel, Professional C# 3rd Edition
Jay Glann,

Morgan
Skinner, Karli
Watson, Bill
Evjen

By, Bill ADO.NET 2.0 O'Reilly 2005

Hamilton Cookbook 2nd Edition

By, Paul Nielsen SQL Server 2005 MICROSOFT 2005

By, Object oriented and McGraw-Hill 2006

Science/Engineering/

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Stephen R. Classical Math

Schach. Software Engineering

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