Introduction to Internet of Things

Week 12

Presented By: Riya Tapwal

Under the supervision of

Prof. Sudip Misra

Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things 1

Data Analytics
“Data analytics (DA) is the process of examining data sets in order to draw conclusions about the information they
contain, increasingly with the aid of specialized systems and software. Data analytics technologies and
techniques are widely used in commercial industries to enable organizations to make more informed business
decisions and by scientists and researchers to verify or disprove scientific models, theories and hypotheses.”
[An admin's guide to AWS data management]

Two types of analysis

✔ Qualitative Analysis
✔ Deals with the analysis of data that is categorical in nature
✔ Quantitative Analysis
✔ Quantitative analysis refers to the process by which numerical data is analyzed

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 2

Qualitative Analysis
✔ Data is not described through numerical values
✔ Described by some sort of descriptive context such as text
✔ Data can be gathered by many methods such as interviews, videos and audio recordings.
✔ Data needs to be interpreted
✔ The grouping of data into identifiable themes
✔ Qualitative analysis can be summarized by three basic principles (Seidel, 1998):

✔ Notice things
✔ Collect things
✔ Think about things

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 3

Quantitative Analysis
✔ Quantitative analysis refers to the process by which numerical data is analyzed
✔ Involves descriptive statistics such as mean, media, standard deviation
✔ The following are often involved with quantitative analysis:

✔ Statistical models ✔ Regression analysis

✔ Analysis of variables ✔ Statistical significance
✔ Data dispersion ✔ Precision
✔ Analysis of relationships between variables ✔ Error limits
✔ Contingence and correlation

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 4

Comparison

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Advantages
✔ Allows for the identification of important (and often mission-critical) trends
✔ Helps businesses to identify performance problems that require some sort of action
✔ Can be viewed in a visual manner, which leads to faster and better decisions
✔ Better awareness regarding the habits of potential customers
✔ It can provide a company with an edge over their competitors

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Statistical Methods
✔The statistical model is defined as the mathematical equation that are formulated in the form of relationships
between variables.
✔ A statistical model illustrates how a set of random variables is related to another set of random variables.
✔ A statistical model is represented as the ordered pair (X , P)

✔ X denotes the set of all possible observations

✔ P refers to the set of probability distributions on X
✔ Statistical models are broadly categorized as
In order to build a statistical model
✔ Complete models
✔ Data Gathering
✔ Incomplete models ✔ Descriptive Methods
✔ Thinking about Predictors
✔Complete model does have the number of variables ✔ Building of model
equal to the number of equations ✔ Interpreting the Results
✔ An incomplete model does not have the same number of
variables as the number of equations

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 Analysis of
Variance
✔ Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is a parametric statistical technique used to compare datasets.
✔ ANOVA is best applied where more than 2 populations or samples are meant to be compared.
✔ To perform an ANOVA, we must have a continuous response variable and at least one categorical factor (e.g. age,
gender) with two or more levels (e.g. Locations 1, 2)
✔ ANOVAs require data from approximately normally distributed populations
✔ Properties to perform ANOVA –
✔ Independence of case
✔ The sample should be selected randomly
✔ There should not be any pattern in the selection of the sample
✔ Normality
✔ Distribution of each group should be normal
✔ Homogeneity
✔ Variance between the groups should be the same

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 Data Dispersion
✔A measure of statistical dispersion is a nonnegative real number that is zero if all the data are the same and
increases as the data becomes more diverse.
✔ Examples of dispersion measures:
✔ Range
✔ Average absolute deviation
✔ Variance and Standard deviation

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 9

 Contingence and correlation
✔In statistics, a contingency table (also known as a cross tabulation or crosstab) is a type of table in a matrix format that
displays the (multivariate) frequency distribution of the variables.
✔ Provides a basic picture of the interrelation between two variables
✔ A crucial problem of multivariate statistics is finding (direct-)dependence structure underlying the variables contained in
high-dimensional contingency tables
✔ Correlation is a technique for investigating the relationship between two quantitative, continuous variables
✔ Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of the strength of the association between the two variables.
✔ Correlations are useful because they can indicate a predictive relationship that can be exploited in practice

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 Regression
✔Analysis
In statistical modeling, regression analysis is a statistical process for estimating the relationships among variables
✔ Focuses on the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables
✔ Regression analysis estimates the conditional expectation of the dependent variable given the independent variables
✔ The estimation target is a function of the independent variables called the regression function
✔Characterize the variation of the dependent variable around the regression function which can be described by a
probability distribution
✔Regression analysis is widely used for prediction and forecasting, where its use has substantial overlap with the field of
machine learning
✔ Regression analysis is also used to understand which among the independent variables are related to the dependent
variable

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 Statistical Significance
✔Statistical significance is the likelihood that the difference in conversion rates between a given variation and the baseline is
not due to random chance
✔ Statistical significance level reflects the risk tolerance and confidence level
✔ There are two key variables that go into determining statistical significance:

✔ Sample size
✔ Effect size

✔ Sample size refers to the sample size of the experiment

✔The larger your sample size, the more confident you can be in the result of the experiment (assuming that it is a
randomized sample)
✔ The effect size is just the standardized mean difference between the two groups
✔If a particular experiment replicated, the different effect size estimates from each study can easily be combined to give an
overall best estimate of the effect size

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 Precision and Error Limits
✔ Precision refers to how close estimates from different samples are to each other
✔ The standard error is a measure of precision
✔ When the standard error is small, estimates from different samples will be close in value and vice versa
✔ Precision is inversely related to standard error
✔ The limits of error are the maximum overestimate and the maximum underestimate from the combination of the
sampling and the non-sampling errors

The margin of error is defined as –

✔ Limit of error = Critical value x Standard deviation of the statistic
✔ Critical value: Determines the tolerance level of error

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Future of IoT Application in Agriculture
✔ Soil moisture and water level monitoring
✔ Automated irrigation system
✔ Automation in Recycling of Organic Waste and
Vermicomposting
✔ Automated sowing and weeding

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 AgriSens: Smart Water Management using IoT
✔ Objectives
▪ More yields with less water
▪ Save limited water resource in a country
▪ Automatic irrigation
▪ Dynamic irrigation treatments in the different phases
of a crop’s life cycle
▪ Remote monitoring and controlling
✔ Proposed architecture
▪ Sensing and actuating layer
▪ Processing, storage, and service layer
▪ Application layer
✔ Design
▪ Integrated design for sensors
▪ Integrated design for sensor node
▪ Integrated design for remote server

Designed water-level sensor EC-05 soil moisture sensor

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Emergence of IoT Healthcare
✔ Advances in sensor and connectivity
▪ Collect patient data over time
▪ Enable preventive care
▪ Understanding of effects of therapy on a patient
✔ Ability of devices to collect data on their own
▪ Automatically obtain data when and where needed by doctors
▪ Automation reduces risk of error
▪ Lower error implies increased efficiency and reduced cost

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Components of IoT Healthcare
✔ Components of IoT is organized in 4 layers
▪ Sensing layer: Consists of all sensor, RFIDs and wireless sensor networks (WSN). E.g: Google glass, Fitbit tracker
▪ Aggregated layer: Consists of different types of aggregators based on the sensors of sensing layer. E.g:
Smartphones, Tablets
▪ Processing layer: It consists of servers for processing information coming from aggregated layer.
▪ Cloud platform: All processed data are uploaded in cloud platform, which can be accessed by large no. of users

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 Remote Healthcare
▪ Many people without ready access to effective healthcare
▪ Wireless IoT driven solutions bring healthcare to patients rather than bring
patients to healthcare
▪Securely capture a variety of medical data through IoT based sensors, analyze
data with smart algorithms
▪ Wirelessly share data with health professionals for appropriate health
recommendations

Withings BP Monitor*

Shimmer Temperature Monitor

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IoT Healthcare: Real-Time Monitoring
▪ IoT-driven non-invasive monitoring
▪ Sensors to collect comprehensive physiological
information
▪ Gateways and cloud-based analytics and storage of
data
▪ Wirelessly send data to caregivers
▪ Lowers cost of healthcare

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 IoT Healthcare: Preventive care
▪ Fall detection for seniors
▪Emergency situation detection and alert to family
members
▪Machine learning for health trend tracking and early
anomaly detection

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 Ambusens
✔ Telemedicine and Remote Healthcare:
▪ Problem - Physical presence necessary
▪ Solution - Wireless sensors

✔ Emergency Response Time:

▪ Problem – Not equipped to deal with complications.
▪ Solution
▪ Instant remote monitoring
▪ Feedback by the skilled medical professionals

✔ Real Time Patient Status Monitoring:

▪ Problem – Lack of collaboration.
▪ Solution - Real-time monitoring.
✔ Digitized Medical History:
▪ Problem
▪ Inconsistent
▪ Physical records vulnerable to wear and tear and loss.
▪ Solution - Consistent cloud-based digital record-keeping
system

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Ambusens: Physiological Parameters

Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Temperature

Heart Rate

Galvanic Skin Response (GSR)

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 Ambusens: Development of WBAN
✔ Single hop wireless body area network (WBAN)
✔Communication protocol used is Bluetooth i.e. IEEE
802.15.1
✔ Power management and data-rate tuning
✔ Calibration of data
✔ Filtering and noise removal

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Ambusens: Development of WBAN

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 Activity Monitoring
✔Wearable sensors have become very popular for
different purposes such as:
▪ Medical
▪ Child-care
▪ Elderly-care
▪ Entertainment
▪ Security
✔ These sensors help in monitoring the physical activities
of humans
✔Particularly in IoT scenarios, activity monitoring plays an
important role for providing better quality of life and
safe guarding humans.
✔ Provides information accurately in a reliable manner
✔ Provides continuous monitoring support

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 Advantages
✔ Continuous monitoring of activity results in daily observation of human behavior and repetitive patterns in their
activities.
✔ Easy integration and fast equipping
✔ Long term monitoring
✔ Utilization of sensors of handheld devices
▪ Accelerometer
▪ Gyroscope
▪ GPS
▪ Others

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 Data Analysis
✔Tool
Statistical
▪ Sensor data
✔ Machine Learning Based
▪ Sensor data
✔ Deep Learning Based
▪ Sensor data
▪ Images
▪ Videos Approaches
✔ In-place
▪ On the device
▪ Power intensive
▪ No network connection required
✔ Network Based
▪ Larger and processing intensive methods can be applied
▪ Group based analytics possible
▪ Low power consumption
▪ Average to good network connection

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Question No: 1

Audio recordings collected through the microphone are subject to quantitative analysis.

a. True
b. False

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Question No: 1

Audio recordings collected through the microphone are subject to quantitative analysis.

a. True
b. False

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 29

Question No: 2

Fill in the blanks.

A statistical model depicts how a set of variable is related to another set of variable.

a. a. Random, normal
b. b. Normal, random
c. c. Discrete, normal
d. d. Random, random

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Question No: 2

Fill in the blanks.

A statistical model depicts how a set of variable is related to another set of variable.

a. a. Random, normal
b. b. Normal, random
c. c. Discrete, normal
d. d. Random, random

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 31

Question No: 3

Select the statement/s that denotes the example of dispersion measure.

Statement I: Range, Variable and Standard deviation
Statement II: Range and average absolute deviation
Statement III: Variance, Standard deviation and average absolute deviation

a. Statement I
b. Statement II
c. Statements I, II, and III
d. None of these

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Question No: 3

Select the statement/s that denotes the example of dispersion measure.

Statement I: Range, Variable and Standard deviation
Statement II: Range and average absolute deviation
Statement III: Variance, Standard deviation and average absolute deviation

a. Statement I
b. Statement
c. Statements I, II, and III
II
d. None of these

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Question No: 4

The different components of AgriSens includes –

a. Sensor and actuator unit

b. Wireless communication unit
c. Power management unit
d. All of these

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Question No: 4

The different components of AgriSens includes –

a. Sensor and actuator unit

b. Wireless communication unit
c. Power management unit
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 35

Question No: 5

The two relevant sensors directly used in agricultures are

a. Soil moisture and proximity sensor

b. Soil moisture and water level sensor
c. ECG sensor an water level sensor
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 36

Question No: 5

The two relevant sensors directly used in agricultures are

a. Soil moisture and proximity sensor

b. Soil moisture and water level sensor
c. ECG sensor an water level sensor
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 37

Question No: 6

The sensor node of AgriSens sensed the average soil moisture in –

a. Vegetative phase
b. Reproductive phase
c. Maturity phase
d. All of these

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Question No: 6

The sensor node of AgriSens sensed the average soil moisture in –

a. Vegetative phase
b. Reproductive phase
c. Maturity phase
d. All of these

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Question No: 7

Select the correct order of the component layers present in the IoT healthcare.

a. Sensing layer, cloud platform layer, aggregated layer, processing layer

b. Sensing layer, aggregated layer, processing layer, cloud platform layer
c. Aggregated layer, sensing layer, processing layer, cloud platform layer
d. Sensing layer, processing layer, aggregated layer, cloud platform layer

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Question No: 7

Select the correct order of the component layers present in the IoT healthcare.

a. Sensing layer, cloud platform layer, aggregated layer, processing layer

b. Sensing layer, aggregated layer, processing layer, cloud platform layer
c. Aggregated layer, sensing layer, processing layer, cloud platform layer
d. Sensing layer, processing layer, aggregated layer, cloud platform layer

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Question No: 8

Which of the following communication protocol is used in AmbuSens?

a. IEEE 802.15.4
b. 6LoWPAN
c. IEEE 802.15.1
d. IEEE 802.15.2

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Question No: 8

Which of the following communication protocol is used in AmbuSens?

a. IEEE 802.15.4
b. 6LoWPAN
c. IEEE 802.15.1
d. IEEE 802.15.2

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 43

Question No: 9

Wireless IoT driven solutions for remote healthcare facility provisioning brings healthcare to patients than bringing
patients to healthcare.

a. True
b. False

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Question No: 9

Wireless IoT driven solutions for remote healthcare facility provisioning brings healthcare to patients than bringing
patients to healthcare.

a.
b. False
True

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 45

Question No: 10

Fill in the blanks. The physical activity tracking is a necessary component for .

a. Activity monitoring
b. Vehicle monitoring
c. Agriculture monitoring
d. All of these

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Question No: 10

Fill in the blanks. The physical activity tracking is a necessary component for .

a. Activity monitoring
b. Vehicle monitoring
c. Agriculture monitoring
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 47

Question No:
11
Which of the following handheld devices are used for activity monitoring?

a. EEG and GPS

b. Accelerometer and EEG
c. Accelerometer and GPS
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 48

Question No:
11
Which of the following handheld devices are used for activity monitoring?

a. EEG and GPS

b. Accelerometer and EEG
c. Accelerometer and
d. All of these
GPS

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 49

Question No: 12

Which of the following is the primary disadvantage of using camera-based activity tracking?

a. Accurate
b. Processing intensive
c. Expensive
d. None of these

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Question No: 12

Which of the following is the primary disadvantage of using camera-based activity tracking?

a. Accurate
b. Processing intensive
c. Expensive
d. None of these

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Question No: 13

By performing continuous monitoring of a person’s activity, it is not possible to observe his/her

behavior or to identify any repetitive pattern in his/her day-to-day activity.

a. True
b. False

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Question No: 13

By performing continuous monitoring of a person’s activity, it is not possible to observe his/her

behavior or to identify any repetitive pattern in his/her day-to-day activity.

a. True
b. False

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 53

Question No: 14

Which of the following are the inbuilt sensors that are present in high end smartphones?

a. ECG and EEG

b. Accelerometer, proximity sensor, EEG
c. Accelerometer, Compass, and Gyroscope
d. Pressure sensor NPK sensor

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 54

Question No: 14

Which of the following are the inbuilt sensors that are present in high end smartphones?

a. ECG and EEG

b. Accelerometer, proximity sensor, EEG
c. Accelerometer, Compass, and Gyroscope
d. Pressure sensor NPK sensor

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 55

Question No: 15

Fill in the blanks. Processing the handheld activity device data with artificial intelligence can be used for .

a. Fall detection
b. Heart rate detection
c. Vehicle detection
d. All of these

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Question No: 15

Fill in the blanks. Processing the handheld activity device data with artificial intelligence can be used for .

a. Fall detection
b. Heart rate detection
c. Vehicle detection
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 57

Question No: 16

State whether true or false.

In general, the data collected from an interview can be analyzed through qualitative analysis.

a. True
b. False

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Question No: 16

State whether true or false.

In general, the data collected from an interview can be analyzed through qualitative analysis.

a. True
b. False

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 59

Question No: 17

Which of the following are often involved with quantitative analysis?

a. Analysis of variables
b. Precision
c. Data dispersion
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 60

Question No: 17

Which of the following are often involved with quantitative analysis?

a. Analysis of variables
b. Precision
c. Data dispersion
d. All of these

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Question No: 18

State whether true or false.

A complete model does not have the same number of variables as the number of equations.

a. True
b. False

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Question No: 18

State whether true or false.

A complete model does not have the same number of variables as the number of equations.

a. True
b. False

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Question No: 19

Which of the following model is mostly applied when it is necessary to compare more than 2 populations or samples?

a. Analysis of variance
b. Integration
c. Trigonometry
d. All of these

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Question No: 19

Which of the following model is mostly applied when it is necessary to compare more than 2 populations or samples?

a. Analysis of variance
b. Integration
c. Trigonometry
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 65

Question No: 20

Fill in the blanks. The effect size for determining statistical significance is the standardized _________ difference between
two groups.

a. Median
b. Mean
c. Inter quartile range
d. None of the above

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Question No: 20

Fill in the blanks. The effect size for determining statistical significance is the standardized _________ difference between
two groups.

a. Median
b. Mean
c. Inter quartile range
d. None of the above

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 67

Question No: 21

Which of the following is/are some of the future of the IoT applications in the agriculture?

a. Soil moisture monitoring

b. Automation in vermicomposting
c. Automated weeding system
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 68

Question No: 21

Which of the following is/are some of the future of the IoT applications in the agriculture?

a. Soil moisture monitoring

b. Automation in vermicomposting
c. Automated weeding system
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 69

Question No: 22

Which of the following may be considered as the objective of smart water management using IoT?

a. Less yield using greater water requirement

b. Manual irrigation
c. Not supporting remote monitoring and controlling
d. None of these

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Question No: 22

Which of the following may be considered as the objective of smart water management using IoT?

a. Less yield using greater water requirement

b. Manual irrigation
c. Not supporting remote monitoring and controlling
d. None of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 71

Question No: 23

State whether true or false.

With the advancement in the sensors and connectivity, it is feasible to enable preventive care along with collecting
patient’s data.

a. True
b. False

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Question No: 23

State whether true or false.

With the advancement in the sensors and connectivity, it is feasible to enable preventive care along with collecting
patient’s data.

a. True
b. False

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 73

Question No: 24

Integrated design for remote server in AgriSens includes which of the following?

a. Web server
b. Repository data server
c. Multi users server
d. All of these

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Question No: 24

Integrated design for remote server in AgriSens includes which of the following?

a. Web server
b. Repository data server
c. Multi users server
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 75

Question No: 25

State whether true or false.

The data sensed by the physiological sensors in an IoT-based healthcare system are of no use without proper connectivity
and communication.

a. True
b. False

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 76

Question No: 25

State whether true or false.

The data sensed by the physiological sensors in an IoT-based healthcare system are of no use without proper connectivity
and communication.

a. True
b. False

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Question No: 26

Match the following:

a. 1-a, 2-c, 3-b, 4-d

b. 1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c
c. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
d. 1-c, 2-a, 3-b, 4-d

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 78

Question No: 26

Match the following:

a. 1-a, 2-c, 3-b, 4-d

b. 1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c
c. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
d. 1-c, 2-a, 3-b, 4-d

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Question No: 27

What is/are the risk/s involved in healthcare IoT?

a. Loss of connectivity
b. Security (e.g., data tampering and unauthorized access)
c. Error (e.g., misinterpretation of symptoms)
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 80

Question No: 27

What is/are the risk/s involved in healthcare IoT?

a. Loss of connectivity
b. Security (e.g., data tampering and unauthorized access)
c. Error (e.g., misinterpretation of symptoms)
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 81

Question No: 28
State whether true or false.
Activity monitoring, particularly in IoT scenario, plays a vital role for rendering better quality of life and safe guarding humans.
a. True
b. False

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 82

Question No: 28
State whether true or false.
Activity monitoring, particularly in IoT scenario, plays a vital role for rendering better quality of life and safe guarding humans.
a. True
b. False

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 83

Question No: 29
Fill in the blanks.
Processing the sensed data on the device itself is known as __________ approach.

a. Network based
b. In-place
c. Out of the place
d. None of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 84

Question No: 29
Fill in the blanks.
Processing the sensed data on the device itself is known as __________ approach.

a. Network based
b. In-place
c. Out of the place
d. None of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 85

Question No: 30

What is/are the different purpose/s that made wearable sensors popular?

a. Medical
b. Elderly-care
c. Child-care
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 86

Question No: 30

What is/are the different purpose/s that made wearable sensors popular?

a. Medical
b. Elderly-care
c. Child-care
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 87

Question No: 31

What is the process of examining data sets in order to draw conclusions called?

a. Data fusion
b. Data fission
c. Data analysis
d. Data analytics

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 88

Question No: 31

What is the process of examining data sets in order to draw conclusions called?

a. Data fusion
b. Data fission
c. Data analysis
d. Data analytics

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Question No: 32

How many types of data analysis exist?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

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Question No: 32

How many types of data analysis exist?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

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Question No: 33

Notice, collect, and think about things are principles of which category of data analysis?

a. Qualitative
b. Quantitative
c. Both qualitative and quantitative
d. Neither qualitative nor quantitative

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Question No: 33

Notice, collect, and think about things are principles of which category of data analysis?

a. Qualitative
b. Quantitative
c. Both qualitative and quantitative
d. Neither qualitative nor quantitative

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 93

Question No: 34

Analysis such as mean, median, mode, and others are methods used in which type of data analysis?
a. Qualitative
b. Quantitative
c. Both qualitative and quantitative
d. Neither qualitative nor quantitative

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 94

Question No: 34

Analysis such as mean, median, mode, and others are methods used in which type of data analysis?
a. Qualitative
b. Quantitative
c. Both qualitative and quantitative
d. Neither qualitative nor quantitative

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 95

Question No: 35

Which method of data analysis involves observing the data?

a. Qualitative
b. Quantitative
c. Both qualitative and quantitative
d. Neither qualitative nor quantitative

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 96

Question No: 35

Which method of data analysis involves observing the data?

a. Qualitative
b. Quantitative
c. Both qualitative and quantitative
d. Neither qualitative nor quantitative

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 97

Question No: 36

Choose the right option for the ordered pair (P, X) in a statistical model.

a. P: set of all possible observations, X: set of probability distributions

b. P: set of all probability distributions, X: set of possible observations
c. P: set of all probability values, X: set of possible distributions
d. P: set of possible distributions, X: set of all probability values

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 98

Question No: 36

Choose the right option for the ordered pair (P, X) in a statistical model.

a. P: set of all possible observations, X: set of probability distributions

b. P: set of all probability distributions, X: set of possible observations
c. P: set of all probability values, X: set of possible distributions
d. P: set of possible distributions, X: set of all probability values

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 99

Question No: 37

Which of the following is true for a complete model with V number of variables and E number of equations?

a. V < E
b. V > E
c. V = E
d. V ≠ E

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 10

Question No: 37

Which of the following is true for a complete model with V number of variables and E number of equations?

a. V < E
b. V > E
c. V = E
d. V ≠ E

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 10

Question No: 38

How many categorical factors are necessary while performing an ANOVA?

a. 1
b. 2
c. Atleast 1
d. Atleast 2

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 10

Question No: 38

How many categorical factors are necessary while performing an ANOVA?

a. 1
b. 2
c. Atleast 1
d. Atleast 2

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 10

Question No: 39

The variance between the groups in ANOVA should be the same.

a. True
b. False

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 10

Question No: 39

The variance between the groups in ANOVA should be the same.

a. True
b. False

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 10

Question No: 40

What is the F-ratio value for severe overfitting of the data?

a. 0
b. 1
c. Less than 1
d. Greater than 1

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 10

Question No: 40

What is the F-ratio value for severe overfitting of the data?

a. 0
b. 1
c. Less than 1
d. Greater than 1

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 10

Question No: 41

In AgriSens, which of the following is responsible for sending field information to a farmer’s cell using SMS?
a. Repository data server
b. Web server
c. Multi users server
d. None of the above

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 10

Question No: 41

In AgriSens, which of the following is responsible for sending field information to a farmer’s cell using SMS?
a. Repository data server
b. Web server
c. Multi users server
d. None of the above

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 10

Question No: 42

In the healthcare use case, what does lower error imply?

a. Increased efficiency, reduced cost

b. Reduced efficiency, increased cost
c. Equal efficiency and cost
d. None of the above

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 11

Question No: 42

In the healthcare use case, what does lower error imply?

a. Increased efficiency, reduced cost

b. Reduced efficiency, increased cost
c. Equal efficiency and cost
d. None of the above

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 11

Question No: 43

True or False?
Although IoT in healthcare has its advantages, it increases the cost.

a. True
b. False

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 11

Question No: 43

True or False?
Although IoT in healthcare has its advantages, it increases the cost.

a. True
b. False

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 11

Question No: 44

Typically, how many components exist in IoT healthcare?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 11

Question No: 44

Typically, how many components exist in IoT healthcare?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 11

Question No: 45

How many axes data does a typical accelerometer in a smartphone provide?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 11

Question No: 45

How many axes data does a typical accelerometer in a smartphone provide?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 11

Question No: 46

Quantitative analysis does not involve descriptive statistics such as mean.

a. True
b. False

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 11

Question No: 46

Quantitative analysis does not involve descriptive statistics such as mean.

a. True
b. False

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 11

Question No: 47

To perform an ANOVA, we must have a _______ response variable and at least one _____ factor.

a. Discrete, categorical
b. Continuous, quantitative
c. Discrete, quantitative
d. Continuous, categorical

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 12

Question No: 47

To perform an ANOVA, we must have a _______ response variable and at least one _____ factor.

a. Discrete, categorical
b. Continuous, quantitative
c. Discrete, quantitative
d. Continuous, categorical

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 12

Question No: 48

Select the statement(s) that denote the example of dispersion measure.

Statement I: Range, Variable and Standard deviation
Statement II: Range and average absolute deviation
Statement III: Variance, Standard deviation and average absolute deviation

a. Statement I
b. Statement II
c. Statements I, II, and III

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 12

Question No: 48

Select the statement(s) that denote the example of dispersion measure.

Statement I: Range, Variable and Standard deviation
Statement II: Range and average absolute deviation
Statement III: Variance, Standard deviation and average absolute deviation

a. Statement I
b. Statement II
c. Statements I, II, and III

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 12

Question No: 49

The different components of AgriSens includes –

a. Sensor and actuator unit

b. Wireless communication unit
c. Power management unit
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 12

Question No: 49

The different components of AgriSens includes –

a. Sensor and actuator unit

b. Wireless communication unit
c. Power management unit
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 12

Question No: 50

The two most relevant sensors directly used in agricultures are __________.

a. Soil moisture and proximity sensor

b. Soil moisture and water level sensor
c. ECG sensor and water level sensor
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 12

Question No: 50

The two most relevant sensors directly used in agricultures are __________.

a. Soil moisture and proximity sensor

b. Soil moisture and water level sensor
c. ECG sensor and water level sensor
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 12

Question No: 51

The sensor node of AgriSens sense the average soil moisture in ______________.

a. Vegetative phase
b. Reproductive phase
c. Maturity phase
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 12

Question No: 51

The sensor node of AgriSens sense the average soil moisture in ______________.

a. Vegetative phase
b. Reproductive phase
c. Maturity phase
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 12

Question No: 52

Select the correct order of the component layers present in the IoT healthcare.

a. Sensing layer, cloud platform layer, aggregated layer, processing layer

b. Sensing layer, aggregated layer, processing layer, cloud platform layer
c. Aggregated layer, sensing layer, processing layer, cloud platform layer
d. Sensing layer, processing layer, aggregated layer, cloud platform layer

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 13

Question No: 52

Select the correct order of the component layers present in the IoT healthcare.

a. Sensing layer, cloud platform layer, aggregated layer, processing layer

b. Sensing layer, aggregated layer, processing layer, cloud platform layer
c. Aggregated layer, sensing layer, processing layer, cloud platform layer
d. Sensing layer, processing layer, aggregated layer, cloud platform layer

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 13

Question No: 53

Which of the following communication protocol is used in AmbuSens?

a. IEEE 802.15.4
b. 6LoWPAN
c. IEEE 802.15.1
d. IEEE 802.15.2

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 13

Question No: 53

Which of the following communication protocol is used in AmbuSens?

a. IEEE 802.15.4
b. 6LoWPAN
c. IEEE 802.15.1
d. IEEE 802.15.2

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 13

Question No: 54

Wireless IoT driven solutions for remote healthcare facility provisioning brings healthcare to patients than bringing patients
to healthcare.

a. True
b. False

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 13

Question No: 54

Wireless IoT driven solutions for remote healthcare facility provisioning brings healthcare to patients than bringing patients
to healthcare.

a. True
b. False

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 13

Question No: 55

Fill in the blank. The physical activity tracking is a necessary component for _____________.

a. Activity monitoring
b. Vehicle monitoring
c. Agriculture monitoring
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 13

Question No: 55

Fill in the blank. The physical activity tracking is a necessary component for _____________.

a. Activity monitoring
b. Vehicle monitoring
c. Agriculture monitoring
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 13

Question No: 56

Which of the following handheld devices are used for activity monitoring?

a. EEG and GPS

b. Accelerometer and EEG
c. Accelerometer and GPS
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 13

Question No: 56

Which of the following handheld devices are used for activity monitoring?

a. EEG and GPS

b. Accelerometer and EEG
c. Accelerometer and GPS
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 13

Question No: 57

Which of the following is the primary disadvantage of using camera-based activity tracking?

a. Accurate
b. Processing intensive
c. Expensive
d. None of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 14

Question No: 57

Which of the following is the primary disadvantage of using camera-based activity tracking?

a. Accurate
b. Processing intensive
c. Expensive
d. None of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 14

Question No: 58

By performing continuous monitoring of a person’s activity, it is not possible to observe his/her behavior or to identify any
repetitive pattern in his/her day-to-day activity.

a. True
b. False

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 14

Question No: 58

By performing continuous monitoring of a person’s activity, it is not possible to observe his/her behavior or to identify any
repetitive pattern in his/her day-to-day activity.

a. True
b. False

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 14

Question No: 59

Which of the following are the inbuilt sensors that are present in high end smartphones?

a. ECG and EEG

b. Accelerometer, proximity sensor, and EEG
c. Accelerometer, Compass, and Gyroscope
d. Pressure sensor and NPK sensor

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 14

Question No: 59

Which of the following are the inbuilt sensors that are present in high end smartphones?

a. ECG and EEG

b. Accelerometer, proximity sensor, and EEG
c. Accelerometer, Compass, and Gyroscope
d. Pressure sensor and NPK sensor

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 14

Question No: 60

Fill in the blank. Processing the handheld activity device data with artificial intelligence can be used for ________.

a. Fall detection
b. Heart rate detection
c. Vehicle detection
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 14

Question No: 61

The two types of data analysis are _____________.

a. Qualitative and Quantitative

b. Repetitive and Quantitative
c. Repetitive and Qualitative
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 14

Question No: 61

The two types of data analysis are _____________.

a. Qualitative and Quantitative

b. Repetitive and Quantitative
c. Repetitive and Qualitative
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 14

Question No: 62

Which of the following is a principle of Qualitative analysis?

a. Notice things
b. Think about things
c. Collect things
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 14

Question No: 62

Which of the following is a principle of Qualitative analysis?

a. Notice things
b. Think about things
c. Collect things
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 15

Question No: 63

Select the statement(s) that denote the type of ANOVA.

Statement I: One way analysis
Statement II: Two way analysis
Statement III: K-way analysis

a. Statement I
b. Statement II
c. Statements I, II, and III
d. None of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 15

Question No: 63

Select the statement(s) that denote the type of ANOVA.

Statement I: One way analysis
Statement II: Two way analysis
Statement III: K-way analysis

a. Statement I
b. Statement II
c. Statements I, II, and III
d. None of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 15

Question No: 64

What is the type of the data dispersion?

a. Range
b. Average absolute deviation
c. Variance
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 15

Question No: 64

What is the type of the data dispersion?

a. Range
b. Average absolute deviation
c. Variance
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 15

Question No: 65

The process by which numerical data is analyzed is known as __________.

a. Qualitative analysis
b. Quantitative analysis
c. None of these
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 15

Question No: 65

The process by which numerical data is analyzed is known as __________.

a. Qualitative analysis
b. Quantitative analysis
c. None of these
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 15

Question No: 66

The mathematical equation that is formulated in the form of relationships between variables
is known as __________.

a. Logical model
b. Relational model
c. Data dispersion
d. Statistical model

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 15

Question No: 66

The mathematical equation that is formulated in the form of relationships between variables
is known as __________.

a. Logical model
b. Relational model
c. Data dispersion
d. Statistical model

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 15

Question No: 67

What are the two types of statistical models?

a. Qualitative and quantitative

b. Complete and incomplete
c. Regression and dispersion
d. None of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 15

Question No: 67

What are the two types of statistical models?

a. Qualitative and quantitative

b. Complete and incomplete
c. Regression and dispersion
d. None of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 16

Question No: 68

Contingency table is also known as?

a. Cross tabulation
b. Cross table
c. All of these
d. None of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 16

Question No: 68

Contingency table is also known as?

a. Cross tabulation
b. Cross table
c. All of these
d. None of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 16

Question No: 69

Advances in sensor and connectivity have disabled preventive care.

a. True
b. False

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 16

Question No: 69

Advances in sensor and connectivity have disabled preventive care.

a. True
b. False

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 16

Question No: 70

Which of the following is a feature of IoT Healthcare?.

a. Non-invasive monitoring
b. Cloud-based analytics
c. Wireless transmission
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 16

Question No: 70

Which of the following is a feature of IoT Healthcare?.

a. Non-invasive monitoring
b. Cloud-based analytics
c. Wireless transmission
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 16

Question No: 71

Which of the following are components of IoT?

a. Sensing layer
b. Aggregated layer
c. Processing layer
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 16

Question No: 71

Which of the following are components of IoT?

a. Sensing layer
b. Aggregated layer
c. Processing layer
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 16

Question No: 72

Which of the following is the advantage of activity monitoring?

a. Hard integration
b. Long term monitoring
c. Expensive
d. None of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 16

Question No: 72

Which of the following is the advantage of activity monitoring?

a. Hard integration
b. Long term monitoring
c. Expensive
d. None of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 17

Question No: 73

Deep learning based data analysis cannot be performed on videos

a. True
b. False

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 17

Question No: 73

Deep learning based data analysis cannot be performed on videos

a. True
b. False

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 17

Question No: 74

Which of the following is true for in-place activity monitoring data analysis?

a. Low power
b. Good network connection required
c. On-device
d. Group-based analytics

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 17

Question No: 74

Which of the following is true for in-place activity monitoring data analysis?

a. Low power
b. Good network connection required
c. On-device
d. Group-based analytics

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 17

Question No: 75

Fill in the blank. Processing the handheld activity device data with artificial intelligence can
be used for ________.

a. Fall detection
b. Heart rate detection
c. Vehicle detection
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 17

Question No: 75

Fill in the blank. Processing the handheld activity device data with artificial intelligence can
be used for ________.

a. Fall detection
b. Heart rate detection
c. Vehicle detection
d. All of these

IIT Kharagpur Introduction to Internet of Things Week 12 17

 Thank
You

IIT Kharagpur Annual Review Presentation Week 12 17