Functional Interface

Object-Oriented Programming

Mario Simaremare, S.Kom., M.Sc.

Program Studi Sarjana Sistem Informasi
Institut Teknologi Del
Objectives

• The objectives of this session are the following:

• The students are able to describe the motivation behind
the functional interface.
• The students are able to describe the basic concepts of
functional interface.
• The students are able to use functional interface
in the solution.

Object-Oriented Programming 2
Outlines

1. Motivation.
2. Functional interface: the basic concepts.
3. Functional interface in action.

Object-Oriented Programming 3
Motivation

Object-Oriented Programming 4
Modular solution

• In the spirit of reusability, the solution should be decomposed

into smaller reusable units.
• There could be a scenario where the unit:
• is very simple and small.
• can be implemented in a class with a method.
• requires no object context.
• In this situation, we could use an anonymous class.
• As an alternative to this, we could create a “function” and use it.
• In Java, a unit in the form of function is referenced as functional interface.

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Functional Interface:
The Basic Concepts

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Functional interface

• A functional interface is an interface with exactly one

abstract (unimplemented) method.
• The abstract method should be annotated with
the @FunctionalInterface annotation.
• Java provides some basic functional interfaces.
• See the java.util.function package.

• Related concepts:
• Generics & Nested Constructs (Anonymous Class).

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 The Predicate interface.

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https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/function/package-summary.html

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 As an example, we are going to use both
the Predicate and BiPredicate interfaces.

Both interfaces have:

• An abstract method (test()).
• And some default methods.

https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/function/Predicate.html

Object-Oriented Programming 10
The Predicate interface

• Object-oriented approach brings our solution closer

to the real world sensing.

• In the real world, every object has predicates.

• The number of predicates depends on the context and
the applied perspectives.
• E.g. There is a car, the car is an object. Possible predicates:
• The car can run fast (has top speed ≥100 kmph).
• The car is expensive (priced ≥ 1 mil. USD).
• The car is family car (has ≥ 7 seats).

Object-Oriented Programming 11
The Predicate interface

• What about a student? What predicates it may have?

• The student is a cum laude candidate (has GPA ≥ 3.51/4.00).
• The student is a veteran (at semester ≥ 9).
• Can you mention other predicates?

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 Other functional interfaces have similar
characteristics to the Predicate.

However, please read the documentation.

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Functional Interface
In Action

Object-Oriented Programming 14
Case study

• Consider the following case study.

• Say, we have a rectangle object,
then here is the list of possible predicates:
• The rectangle is a square.
• When its height is equal to its width.
• The rectangle is a jumbo square.
• When it is a square and its height ≥ 20.0.

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package example.xlambda;

import java.util.function.Predicate;
Using functional interface
public class Driver {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Rectangle rectangle1 = new Rectangle(10.0, 12.0);
A simple record
Rectangle rectangle2 = new Rectangle(22.0, 22.0); to represent rectangle.
package example.xlambda;

Predicate<Rectangle> isSquare = public record Rectangle(double height, double width) {

new Predicate<Rectangle>() { public String toString() {
@Override return "h:" + this.height + "|w:" + this.width;
public boolean test(Rectangle t) { }
return t.height() == t.width(); An object of the Predicate anonymous }
}
implementation.
};

Predicate<Rectangle> isJumboSquare = Override the abstract test() method.

new Predicate<Rectangle>() {
@Override
Please read the docs for details.
public boolean test(Rectangle t) {
return t.height() == t.width() && t.height() >= 20;
}
};

System.out.println(rectangle1);
System.out.println(isSquare.test(rectangle1));
System.out.println(isJumboSquare.test(rectangle1));

System.out.println(rectangle2);
System.out.println(isSquare.test(rectangle2));
System.out.println(isJumboSquare.test(rectangle2));
}
} h:10.0|w:12.0
false
false
h:22.0|w:22.0
true
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true
package example.xlambda;

import java.util.function.Predicate;
Chaining functional interface
public class Driver { package example.xlambda;
public static void main(String[] args) {
Rectangle rectangle1 = new Rectangle(10.0, 12.0); import java.util.function.BiPredicate;
Rectangle rectangle2 = new Rectangle(22.0, 22.0); import java.util.function.Predicate;

Predicate<Rectangle> isSquare = public class Driver {

new Predicate<Rectangle>() { public static void main(String[] args) {
@Override Rectangle rectangle1 = new Rectangle(10.0, 12.0);
public boolean test(Rectangle t) { Rectangle rectangle2 = new Rectangle(22.0, 22.0);
return t.height() == t.width();
} Usingthe BiPredicate interface. Predicate<Rectangle> isSquare =
}; new Predicate<Rectangle>() {
It accepts two parameters. @Override
Predicate<Rectangle> isJumboSquare = Please see the docs for details. public boolean test(Rectangle t) {
new Predicate<Rectangle>() { return t.height() == t.width();
@Override }
public boolean test(Rectangle t) { };
return t.height() == t.width() && t.height() >= 20;
} BiPredicate<Rectangle, Predicate<Rectangle>> isJumboSquare =
}; new BiPredicate<Rectangle, Predicate<Rectangle>>() {
@Override
System.out.println(rectangle1); public boolean test(Rectangle t, Predicate<Rectangle> u) {
System.out.println(isSquare.test(rectangle1)); return u.test(t) && t.height() >= 20;
System.out.println(isJumboSquare.test(rectangle1)); }
}; Passing another object
System.out.println(rectangle2); of functional interface.
System.out.println(isSquare.test(rectangle2)); System.out.println(rectangle1);
System.out.println(isJumboSquare.test(rectangle2)); System.out.println(isSquare.test(rectangle1));
} System.out.println(isJumboSquare.test(rectangle1, isSquare));
} h:10.0|w:12.0
false System.out.println(rectangle2);
false System.out.println(isSquare.test(rectangle2));
h:22.0|w:22.0 System.out.println(isJumboSquare.test(rectangle2, isSquare));
true
Object-Oriented Programming }
17
true }
Object-Oriented Programming 18
Case study

• Say we are going to have a phone number printer.

• This printer would accept a phone number then
print out the formatted form of the phone number.

• Specs:
• A phone number can only consist of numerical characters.
• We could use a regular expression (regex) here.
• The length is, say, fixed to 10.

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package example.anonymousclass;

public class PhoneNumberPrinter {

Anonymous class version
static final String regex = "[^0-9]";
static final int NUMBER_LENGTH = 10;
package example.anonymousclass;
public void print(String phoneNumber) {
public interface IPhoneNumberFomatter {
IPhoneNumberFomatter formatter = new IPhoneNumberFomatter() {
abstract IPhoneNumberFomatter take(String phoneNumber);
private String formattedPhoneNumber;
abstract String getFormattedPhoneNumber();
public IPhoneNumberFomatter take(String phoneNumber) {
}
this.formattedPhoneNumber = phoneNumber.replaceAll(regex, "");

if (this.formattedPhoneNumber.length() != NUMBER_LENGTH) {
this.formattedPhoneNumber = null;
} package example.anonymousclass;
return this; public class Driver {
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
public String getFormattedPhoneNumber() { PhoneNumberPrinter printer =
return this.formattedPhoneNumber; new PhoneNumberPrinter();
}
printer.print("0123-456-789");
@Override printer.print("0123-456-7890");
public String toString() { }
return this.formattedPhoneNumber + }
"|" + phoneNumber;
}
};

System.out.println(formatter.take(phoneNumber));
}
} 0123456789|0123-456-789
null|0123-456-7890

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 Anonymous class version
package example.anonymousclass;
Is there any representative interface in
the java.util.function package for this? public interface IPhoneNumberFomatter {
abstract IPhoneNumberFomatter take(String phoneNumber);

abstract String getFormattedPhoneNumber();

}

package example.anonymousclass;

public class Driver {

public static void main(String[] args) {

PhoneNumberPrinter printer =
new PhoneNumberPrinter();

printer.print("0123-456-789");
printer.print("0123-456-7890");
}
}

0123456789|0123-456-789
null|0123-456-7890

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 We could use the Consumer interface.
It accepts a parameter without providing any return.

Alternatively, we could also use the Function interface.

It also accepts a parameter but provides a return.

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 Functional interface version
package example.anonymousclass;

import java.util.function.Consumer;

public class Driver2 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Consumer<String> printer = new Consumer<String>() {
@Override
public void accept(String t) {
Using the Consumer interface. final String regex = "[^0-9]";
final int NUMBER_LENGTH = 10;

String formattedPhoneNumber = t.replaceAll(regex, "");

if (formattedPhoneNumber.length() != NUMBER_LENGTH) {
formattedPhoneNumber = null;
}

System.out.println(formattedPhoneNumber + "|" + t);

}
};

printer.accept("0123-456-789");
printer.accept("0123-456-7890");
}
}

0123456789|0123-456-789
null|0123-456-7890

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Todo

• Explore some other functional interface

available at java.util.function package.
• Try to implement the java.util.Arrays’ sort() method.

• Try to identify and apply the concept into your project.

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References

• Cay Horstman. Core Java.

• Matt Weisfeld. The Object-Oriented Thought Process.

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Thank
you

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