CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION
 MOTIVATION
 FUTURE SCOPE OF FIGHTER
JETS
 METHODOLOGY
 DIFFICULTIES
 COMMENTS
 REFERENCES

CONTRIBUTION:
We as a team shared our work equally and all had kept their
full efforts in all aspects.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
“Nothing is particularly hard if you divide it into small jobs”
-henry
ford
we are expressing our sincere thanks to Dr.Mohammad
Masiur Rahman assistant professor School of
Infrastructure . This mini project helped us a lot, we
earned much knowledge. we went through a lot of things.
we as a team coordinated well. This project made us to
know all things about the fighter jets, we studied the
whole history of F-16 fighter falcon. Also this project
made us to know about the history of wars.

“A teacher is a compass that activates the magnets of

curiosity, knowledge, and wisdom in the pupils.”
- Ever
Garrison

Thank you sir for your guidance and we coordinated well, our
coordination made this project a success.
INTRODUCTION:
Once if we were gone back into the history then we will find that
the first plane which was known as Wright Flyer invented by the
Wright brothers, Orville Wright (August 19,1871 January
30,1948) and Wilbur Wright (April 16,1867 - May 30,1912) on
December 17,1903.
WILLBUR WRIGHT ORVILLE
WRIGHT
 Wright Flyer

On August
1939 the turbojet
powered
Heinkel He
178, the world's first jet aircraft, made its first flight was
invented by Sir Frank Whittle (1 June 1907-9 August 1996).

SIR FRANK WHITTLE

 Heinkel
He 178

And
after
the that
there are so many updates are being taking place in the aircrafts
until now. And at present we are taking about the General
Dynamics F-16 fighting Falcon which was also known as F-16
Falcon which played a big role in the late 1990s.
Experiences in the Vietnam War revealed the need for air
superiority fighters and better air-to-air training for fighter
pilots. Based on his experiences in the Korean War and as a
fighter tactics instructor in the early 1960s, Colonel John Boyd
with mathematician Thomas Christie developed the energy–
maneuverability theory to model a fighter aircraft's performance
in combat. Boyd's work called for a small, lightweight aircraft
that could maneuver with the minimum possible energy loss and
which also incorporated an increased thrust-to-weight ratio. In
the late 1960s, Boyd gathered a group of like-minded innovators
who became known as the Fighter Mafia, and in 1969, they
secured Department of Defense funding for General Dynamics
and Northrop to study design concepts based on the theory.
 Thomas Christie Colonel John Boyd

Air Force F-X proponents remained hostile to the concept

because they perceived it as a threat to the F-15 program, but the
USAF's leadership understood that its budget would not allow it
to purchase enough F-15 aircraft to satisfy all of its missions.[17]
The Advanced Day Fighter concept, renamed F-XX, gained
civilian political support under the reform-minded Deputy
Secretary of Defense David Packard, who favored the idea of
competitive prototyping. As a result, in May 1971, the Air Force
Prototype Study Group was established, with Boyd a key
member, and two of its six proposals would be funded, one being
the Lightweight Fighter (LWF). The request for proposals issued
on 6 January 1972 called for a 20,000-pound (9,100 kg) class
air-to-air day fighter with a good turn rate, acceleration, and
range, and optimized for combat at speeds of Mach 0.6–1.6 and
altitudes of 30,000–40,000 feet (9,100–12,000 m).
 General Dynamics F-16 fighting Falcon

The General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon is a single-engine

multirole fighter aircraft originally developed by General
Dynamics for the United States Air Force (USAF). Designed as
an air superiority day fighter, it evolved into a successful all
weather multirole aircraft. Over 4,600 aircraft have been built
since production was approved in 1976. Although no longer
being purchased by the U.S. Air Force, improved versions are
being built for export customers. In 1993, General Dynamics
sold its aircraft manufacturing business to the Lockheed
Corporation, which in turn became part of Lockheed Martin after
a 1995 merger with Martin Marietta.

The Fighting Falcon's key features include a frameless bubble

canopy for better visibility, side-mounted control stick to ease
control while maneuvering, an ejection seat reclined 30 degrees
from vertical to reduce the effect of g-forces on the pilot, and the
first use of a relaxed static stability/fly-by wire flight control
system that helps to make it an agile aircraft. The F-16 has an
internal m61 Vulcan cannon and 11 locations for mounting
weapons and other mission equipment. The F-16's official name
is "Fighting Falcon", but "Viper" is commonly used by its pilots
and crews, due to a perceived resemblance to a viper snake as
well as the Colonial Viper starfighter on Battlestar Galactia
which aired at the time the F-16 entered service.

In addition to active duty in the U.S. Air Force, Air Force

Reserve Command, and Air National Guard units, the aircraft is
also used by the U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds aerial
demonstration team, and as an adversary/aggressor aircraft by
the United States Navy. The F-16 has also been procured to
serve in the air forces of 25 other nations. As of 2015, it was the
world's most numerous fixed-wing aircraft in military service.

Motivation:

The U.S. Air Force, including the Air Force Reserve and the Air
National Guard, flew the F-16 in combat during Operation
Desert Strom in 1991 and in the Balkans later in the 1990s. F-
16s also patrolled the no-fly zones in Iraq during Operations
Northern Watch and Southern Watch and served during the wars
in Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Freedom) and Iraq
(Operation Iraq Freedom) from 2001 and 2003 respectively. In
2011, Air Force F-16s took part in the intervention in Libya.
On 11 September 2001, two unarmed F-16s were launched in an
attempt to ram and down United Airlines Flight 93 before it
reached Washington, DC, during the September 11,2001,
terrorist attacks, but Flight 93 was brought down by the
passengers first, so the F-16s were retasked to patrol the local
airspace and later escorted Air Force 1 back to Washington.
The F-16 had been scheduled to remain in service with the U.S.
Air Force until 2025.

F-16 fighter Falcon has participated in many war for this worlds
freedom which was not well known and also continuously giving
its service until now.

FUTURE SCOPE ON FIGHTERS JETS:

The US Air Force has finally decided to upgrade its 608 F-16
Block 40 and 50 in one of the largest modernization initiatives in
history.

The Air Force Life Cycle Management Center announced on 28

Feb the F-16 Fighter jets will get up to 22 modifications. The
program aims to increase the lethality of aircraft and ensure that
the fourth-generation fighter can confront current and future
threats.
the F-16 could fly until the 2070s or later, based on
Lockheed Martin’s backlog of F-16 orders, planned
modifications, and the US Air Force’s plans to rely on the fighter
into the late 2030s.

Lockheed Martin’s backlog of 128 F-16 fighter jets, all for

foreign military sales, won’t be completed until 2026. Those jets
might be flying into the late 2070s or later, with a service life of
40 years or more.
DETAILED PART VIEW OF F-16 FIGHTER JET FALCON
 METHODOLOGY

STEPS:
* Type MESHCONE and press ENTER. Specify base radius
as 10 and height 50.
* Type 3DROTATAE and press ENTER. Specify rotation
angle as 90.
* Switch to ORTHOMODE by using fn+f8 keys in keyboard.
* Select Custom Visual Style and change it to REALISTIC.
* Type PRIMITIVES and press ENTER. Select CONE.
* Change the custom model view by selecting SW Isometric
and then select FRONT.
* Change REALISTIC into Shaded with edges.
* Type FILTER and select VERTEX.
* Type STRETCH and press ENTER. Stretch base and front
parts of cone.
* Type ARC and press ENTER. Stretch arc.
* Type REVOLVE and press ENTER. Select end points of arc.
* Type MOVE and press ENTER. Move arc to top of cone.
* Type SCALE and press ENTER. Specify scale factor as 1.75.
* Type MESHBOX and press ENTER. Specify length as 200
and height as 50.
* Type MOVE and press ENTER. Move that meshbox to
bottom of arc.
* Type STRETCH and press ENTER. Select meshbox and
specify stretch point as 5.
* Type FILTER and select FACE.
* Type STRETCH and press ENTER. Select meshbox, stretch
bottom and top portion of first two blocks.
* Type MERGEFACE and press ENTER. Select third and
fourth blocks of meshbox.
*Type STRETCH and press ENTER. Select meshbox, stretch
bottom portion of third block.

* Type PLINE and press ENTER. Specify line width as 0.

* Give dimentions to form one wing. Type 100 and press
 ENTER.
* Type 20 and press ENTER. Type 10 and press ENTER.

* Type PLINE and press ENTER. Join those points by cross

lines.
* Type MOVE and press ENTER. Move that wing to one side
of cone.
* Type COPY and press ENTER. Select the wing and copy that
to next of first one.
* Type STRETCH and press ENTER. Reduce the size of
second wing.
*Type LINE and press ENTER. Specify line width as 0. Join
the two end points of second wing.
* Switch to TRIM MODE.
* Type CHAMFER and press ENTER. Specify first chamfer
distance as one.
* Specify second chamfer distance as 0.
* Type MIRROR and press ENTER. Select the middle line on
cone.

* Type STRETCH and press ENTER. Select bottom portion of

Meshbox.
*Type EXTRUDE and press ENTER. Specify height of
extrusion as 150.
* Type Ellipse and press ENTER. And type EXTRUDE and
specify height as much as it is suitable and such that ellipse
will present on the mesh box which is on the face of mesh box
which is present at lower part of the body.
*Type SUBRACT and press ENTER. Select the extension part
of mesh box.
* Type MOVE and press ENTER. Move front part of cone
forward.
* By using subtract command we selected the meshbox and
extruded part of the ellipse. And press enter.
* Then the extruded part of the ellipse will be subtracted from
the meshbox.
* Type MESHSMOOTH MORE and press ENTER. And then
select the mesh box such that we will get the smoothened part of
the mesh box.
* Type RECTANGLE and press ENTER.
* Specify length of rectangle as 5 and press ENTER.
* Specify width of rectangle as 5 and press ENTER.
* Type COPY and press ENTER. Select rectangle.
* Type MOVE and press ENTER. Move the second rectangle
such that one vertex of it should touch midpoint of side of first
rectangle.
* Type MIRROR and press ENTER. Select the first rectangle so
that we can get mirror
Image of second rectangle.
* Type MIRROR and press ENTER. Select the base line of
first rectangle.
* Type TRIM and press ENTER. Remove unwanted lines.
* Type STRETCH and press ENTER. Specify stretch point as
2.5.
* Type EXTRUDE and press ENTER. Select object formed by
rectangles.
* Specify extrusion point as 5.
* Type STRETCH and press ENTER. Specify stretch point as
2.5.
*Type RECTANGLE and press ENTER. Specify length as 5
and width as 5.
* Type EXTRUDE and press ENTER. Select rectangle.
*Specify extrusion point as 5.
*Type SMOOTHMORE and press ENTER. Select that
rectangle.
* Type FILTER and press ENTER. Select FACE.
* Type MESHEXTRUDE/face extrude and press ENTER.
Select mesh face.
* Specify height as 50.
* Type SCALE and press ENTER. Select mesh. Specify scale
factor as 0.5.
* Type MOVE and press ENTER. Move mesh to middle of
rectangular box.
* Type STERTCH and press ENTER. Select mesh.
* Type MOVE and press ENTER. Move mesh to one side of
wing.
* Type COPY and press ENTER. Select the mesh and copy that
to side of other wing.
* Type 3DORBIT and press ENTER. Rotate mesh such that
back part of it is visible such we can check all the figure is
correctly arranged or not.
* Change the custom model view to LEFT which is at left side
top.
* Type STRETCH and press ENTER. Select back part of mesh.
* Type RECTANGLE and press ENTER. Specify length as 10
and width as 10.
* Type EXTRUDE and press ENTER. Select rectangle.
* Specify extrusion point as 5.
* Type SMOOTHMORE and press ENTER. Select that
rectangle.
* Type MESHEXTRUDE and press ENTER. Select mesh face.
* Type RECTANGLE and press ENTER. Draw rectangle on
one face of mesh.
* Type PASTEBLOCK and press ENTER. Move mesh under
one wing.
* Type MIRROR and press ENTER. Select mid line of mesh
cone.
* Type CIRCLE and press ENTER. Specify diameter as 10.
* Type EXTRUDE and press ENTER. Select circle.
* Select Taper angle. Specify angle as -25.
* Type SCALE and press ENTER. Specify scale factor as 0.25.
* Type ROTATE GIZMO and press ENTER. Specify rotation
angle as 270.
* Type MOVE and press ENTER. Move circle to back side of
mesh cone and finally figure will be obtained.
FINAL RESULT:

SW ISOMETRIC VIEW
NW ISOMETRIC VIEW
DIFFICULTIES FACED:

1.While joining the extruded parts with each other

and also while attaching them to the main body we
have faced difficulty because they are present
different planes.

2. While smoothening the meshbox by using the

smooth core and refine core we have faced
difficulty to obtain the smoothened image.

3. In the case of extruded and filter comment we

have faced difficulty in the increase or decrease of
the face of mesh box than imagined due to the
difference in the planes.

4.While stretching the cone to identify the point and

to displace through a distance we it was some what
difficult to stretch.
 COMMENTS
In this section we are going to see about the different types of
commands that we have used in the diagram which we drew in
the AUTOCAD.

 LINE
It is used to create a straight line. We have to enter the start and
end point to draw a line.
 FILLET
It is used to smoothen the edges. We have to enter the radius
and select the edge.
 UCS
It is used to change the origin wherever convenient to us. We
have to choose a point to make it as origin.
 JOIN
It is used to join different 2d objects. We should select the
objects that we need to join.
 COPY
It is used to duplicate a given object. We have to select the
object and choose a base point of displacement and specify the
distance.

 3D ORBIT
It is used to change the view which we can see the object
according to our convenience. We should move our mouse
accordingly.
  CIRCLE
It is used to draw a circle. We should specify the center point
and enter the radius.
 MOVE
It is used to move a 3D object. We should specify the base point
and the end point.
 UNION
It is used to join the 3D objects. We select all the parts of 3D and
join them by pressing enter.
 POINT
It is used to mark a specific point for our convenience. We enter
the point to be highlighted.
 OFFSET
It is used to create a line parallel to a given line. We choose the
line and specify the parallel distance between them.
 STRETCH
It is used to stretch a given line. We should select the end point
and drag it to the point where it has to be stretched.
 ARC
It is used to draw a part of a circle. Enter the center point and
start and end point.
 MIRROR
It is used to just create a mirror image of the object. Select the
object and create a mirror plane and press enter.

 TRIM
It is used to remove the unwanted part in an object. Select the
part which has to be removed.
 ARRAY
It is used to duplicate the given object about point. Select the
object and enter number of items to duplicate.
 PRESSPULL
It is used to create a 3D object by raising its height. We select
the object and enter the height to be raised.
 FILLETEDGE
It is used to smoothen the edges of the objects. Select the object
and enter radius and enter the radius twice.
 RECTANGLE
It is used to create a rectangle. We need to enter the opposite
points of the rectangle.
 SCALE
Enlarges or reduces selected objects, keeping the proportions of
the object the same after scaling. Select the object and enter the
dimensions.
 3DARRAY
Maintains legacy behaviuor. For 3D rectangular arrays, in
addition to columns and rows, you also specify the number of
levels in the Z direction. For 3D polar arrays, you specify the
axis of rotation with any two points in space. The entire selection
set is treated as a single element in the array.
 CHANGE THE COLOR
For changing color, we right click on the object and choose the
color of our choice.

REFERENCES
  Wikipedia
 Getty images
 Military.com
 Quora
 articles on airforce technology

“Technology Does Not Determine Warfare. However much

technology may change warfare, it never determines warfare—
neither how it will be conducted nor how it will turn out.”

“Their main purpose is to bring peace through strength.”