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Learner name: Salwa Khalid

Date of submission: 27/03/24

Unit 305 Assignment

1. Describe the function of the following components of the heart
Please complete the table below:

Qualification handbook criteria: 305 AC1.1 Rai, ii, iii, iv, KSB: K7, K8
(Knowledge Test)
v, vi, vii

Function:
Right ventricle takes blood that has lost oxygen from the right atrium and sends
it to the lungs via the pulmonary artery to be oxygenated.
Left ventricle takes blood that has been oxygenated by the left atrium and
pumps it throughout the body via the aorta to give tissues
nutrition and oxygen.
Right atrium pumps blood that has lost oxygen from the body into the right
ventricle for pulmonary circulation after receiving it via the
superior and inferior vena cava.
Left atrium pumps blood that has been oxygenated by the lungs into the left
ventricle for distribution throughout the body through the
pulmonary veins.
Aortic valve Controls blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta,
preventing backflow of blood into the heart during ventricular
relaxation (diastole).
Bicuspid/mitral valve Prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left
atrium during ventricular contraction (systole).
Pulmonary valve Controls blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary
artery, preventing backflow of blood into the heart during
ventricular relaxation (diastole).
Tricuspid valve Prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right
atrium during ventricular contraction (systole).
Right & left coronary Supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle (myocardium) to
arteries meet its metabolic demands.
Pulmonary artery Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

Unit 305 (KSB) Assignment V2.0

June 2022
 for oxygenation.

Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the
heart.
Aorta The primary blood vessel in the body, it transports oxygenated
blood from the left ventricle to every area of the body for overall
circulation.
Superior vena cava Returns deoxygenated blood from the upper body (head, neck,
arms) to the right atrium of the heart.
Inferior vena cava Carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body (abdomen,
pelvis, and legs) back to the right atrium of the heart.
Septum A muscular wall or partition that separates the left and right sides
of the heart to maintain appropriate circulation by preventing the
mixing of blood that is deoxygenated and oxygen-rich.

2. Describe the function of the:

 Trachea
 Alveoli
Qualification handbook criteria: 305 AC1.1 KSB: K7, K8
(Knowledge Test)
Range bi, ii

Trachea:
Provides a passageway for air to travel between the larynx and the lungs during
breathing, allowing for the inhalation of oxygen and the exhalation of carbon
dioxide. It also helps to humidify, warm, and filter the air before it reaches the
lungs.

Alveoli:
Facilitates the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the
bloodstream during respiration. Oxygen from inhaled air diffuses into the
bloodstream, while carbon dioxide from the bloodstream diffuses into the alveoli to
be exhaled. This gas exchange occurs across the thin walls of the alveoli, which
provide a large surface area for efficient exchange of gases.

3. Describe the following in relation to the circulatory and respiratory systems:

 Arteries
 Veins
 Capillaries

Unit 305 (KSB) Assignment V2.0

June 2022
 Qualification handbook criteria: 305 AC1.1 KSB: K8
(Knowledge Test)
Range ci, ii, iii
Arteries are blood veins in the circulatory system that transport blood rich in oxygen
from the heart to other regions of the body. They divide into smaller arterioles and
then into even smaller capillaries.
The pulmonary arteries, which transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the
lungs for oxygenation, are an exception in the respiratory system. Blood travels
through pulmonary veins back to the heart after being oxygenated.

Within the circulatory system, veins are blood vessels that return the body's tissues'
deoxygenated blood to the heart. Compared to arteries, they have less muscle mass
and thinner walls. Veins eventually unite to form venules, which are bigger vessels
that return to the heart. The pulmonary veins, which return oxygenated blood from
the lungs to the heart for distribution throughout the body, are an exception to the
respiratory system.

Capillaries are tiny blood vessels in the circulatory system that join veins and
arteries. They have thin walls. They serve as the location for the blood and tissues to
exchange gases and nutrients. Carbon dioxide and waste materials flow from the
tissues into the capillaries, while oxygen and nutrients diffuse from the capillaries
into the surrounding tissues.
Within the respiratory system, gas exchange between the blood in the capillaries
and the air in the alveoli takes place in the pulmonary capillaries, which are
positioned exclusively within the lungs. While carbon dioxide from the blood
diffuses into the alveoli to be expelled, oxygen from the air diffuses into the blood.

4. Describe each of the following components of blood:

 Plasma
 Red blood cells / haemoglobin
 White blood cells / immune system

Qualification handbook criteria: 305 AC1.2 KSB: K8

(Knowledge Test)
Range abc
Plasma is the liquid component of blood, containing water, proteins, electrolytes,
hormones, nutrients, waste products, and gases. It transports substances
throughout the body and supports immune function.

Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues and transport carbon dioxide
back to the lungs. They contain haemoglobin, a protein that binds and carries
oxygen.

White blood cells defend the body against pathogens and foreign substances. They

Unit 305 (KSB) Assignment V2.0

June 2022
 include various types such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and
basophils, each with specific roles in the immune response.

5. Describe the safe working practices for first aid and medical emergencies in line with
organisational and legal requirements:
 Training
 Accident record keeping
 Storage, maintenance and auditing of emergency drugs and oxygen cylinders
 The current regulatory standards for medical devices, equipment and materials (e.g.
CE/UKCA mark)

Qualification handbook criteria: 305 AC2.5 KSB: K32, K33

(Knowledge Test)
Range abc, 302 AC3.1 Range l, AC2.9
Range ac
Training:
Employees certified first aiders, and medical professionals should all receive
thorough first aid and medical emergency training.
Make sure that the use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs), basic life
support (BLS), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and emergency protocols
specific to the organisation are all included in the training.
Update training on a regular basis to reflect modifications to rules, regulations, and
procedures.

Accident record keeping:

Keep thorough records of all accidents, injuries, and medical crises that take place
on the property.
Note specifics such the date, time, place, kind of incident, people involved, and
actions done.
Make sure that all legal requirements, including the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases,
and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR), are followed when it comes to
reporting and documenting accidents.

Storage, Maintenance, and Auditing of Emergency Drugs and Oxygen Cylinders:

Oxygen cylinders and emergency medications should be kept in places that are
clearly marked, safe, and convenient.
Make that oxygen cylinders and emergency medication are kept in good working
order and within their expiration dates by giving them regular maintenance and
inspections.
Verify the availability, state, and functionality of oxygen cylinders and emergency
medications by conducting routine audits.
Observe instructions and procedures for the safe handling, storing, and disposal of
medical gases and pharmaceuticals.

Regulatory Standards for Medical Devices, Equipment, and Materials:

Unit 305 (KSB) Assignment V2.0
June 2022
 Verify that all medical supplies, tools, and equipment used for first aid and medical
emergencies adhere to the most recent regulatory requirements.
Look for certifications that are pertinent, which denote adherence to UK or EU rules.
Examine and update equipment on a regular basis to make sure it complies with any
modifications to regulations or advances in technology.

6. Describe how to establish consent to provide first aid and CPR:

 Conscious patient
 Unconscious patient

Qualification handbook criteria: 305 AC2.3 KSB: K32, K33, S21, S22
(Knowledge Test, Interview)
Range ab
CPR: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Conscious patient:
Describe the circumstances: Tell the awake patient that you are skilled in CPR and
first aid, and that you are willing to help.
Request Consent: Ask the patient directly if they are comfortable with receiving CPR
and first aid. Make use of plain, uncomplicated language.
Tell the Patient: Tell them what kind of help you plan to offer and let them know
you are there to support them.
Honour the Patient's Choice: Unless the patient becomes unconscious or their
health worsens, respect their decision and do not provide first aid or CPR if they
decline.

Unconscious patient:
Evaluate the circumstances: Assess the unconscious patient's condition as soon as
possible and make sure they are responding.
Call for Assistance: If you are by yourself, make a 911 call or ask someone in the
area to do so for you.
Verify if the person is breathing: Examine the patient's chest motions and listen for
breath sounds to see if they are breathing regularly.
Start CPR: Without getting the patient's express consent, start CPR as soon as
possible if they are not breathing or are merely gasping. Giving CPR to a person who
is unconscious and experiencing cardiac arrest is seen as implicit consent in several
jurisdictions.
Proceed Until Assistance Comes: Continue CPR until emergency medical services
(EMS) are dispatched, the patient begins to show signs of improvement, or the
circumstance changes.

Unit 305 (KSB) Assignment V2.0

June 2022
 7. Complete the below table:

Qualification handbook criteria: 305 AC6.1, KSB: K31, K32, S21, S22
(Knowledge Test)
AC6.2, AC6.3 Range a-i
Medical Explain the signs Describe the Emergency drugs to
condition: and symptoms: management: treat condition:
Fainting Loss of Lay the person flat with None typically
consciousness, pale their legs elevated, administered unless
skin, sweating, ensure a clear airway, underlying causes
dizziness, blurred loosen tight clothing, and (e.g., dehydration, low
vision, and a feeling monitor vital signs. If blood sugar) require
of light headedness. consciousness does not treatment.
return promptly, seek
medical attention.
Hypoglycaemia/ Hypoglycaemia: Glucagon for
hyperglycaemia Hypoglycaemia (low Administer fast-acting
severe
blood sugar): carbohydrates (e.g.,
hypoglycemia.
Shakiness, glucose tablets, fruit
confusion, juice) if the person is
irritability, conscious. For severe
sweating, dizziness, cases, administer
hunger, and rapid glucagon injection if
heartbeat. available or seek
Hyperglycaemia emergency medical
(high blood sugar): assistance.
Increased thirst, Hyperglycaemia: Monitor
frequent urination, blood sugar levels,
fatigue, blurred administer insulin or
vision, and other diabetes
confusion. medications as
prescribed, and seek
medical advice if
necessary.
Asthma attack Shortness of breath, Sit the person upright, Short-acting
Unit 305 (KSB) Assignment V2.0
June 2022
 wheezing, coughing, assist with their inhaler if bronchodilators (e.g.,
chest tightness, and available, encourage slow salbutamol)
difficulty breathing. breathing, and seek administered via
medical help if symptoms inhaler or nebulizer.
do not improve.
Angina Chest pain or Rest and administer GTN spray or
discomfort, often sublingual nitro-glycerine
tablets for
described as (GTN spray or tablets). If
immediate relief of
pressure, symptoms persist or
symptoms.
squeezing, or worsen, seek emergency
tightness in the medical attention.
chest. Pain may
radiate to the arms,
neck, jaw,
shoulders, or back.

Myocardial Persistent chest Call emergency services Aspirin to reduce

infarction pain or discomfort, immediately, administer
blood clotting.
shortness of breath, aspirin if available, and
nausea, vomiting, assist with rest and
sweating, and light reassurance until medical
headedness. help arrives.

Cardiac arrest Sudden loss of Start cardiopulmonary Adrenaline

consciousness, no resuscitation (CPR)
(epinephrine) for
pulse, no breathing, immediately, call
advanced life
and emergency services, and
support.
unresponsiveness. use an automated
external defibrillator
(AED) if available.
Epileptic seizure Loss of Protect the person from Midazolam for
consciousness, injury by moving nearby
prolonged or
muscle jerking or objects, cushioning their

Unit 305 (KSB) Assignment V2.0

June 2022
 twitching, head, and turning them severe seizures
confusion, and onto their side to
incontinence. maintain an open airway.
Do not restrain
movements. After the
seizure, provide
reassurance and observe
for signs of recovery.
Anaphylaxis Difficulty breathing, Administer epinephrine Hydrocortisone.
swelling of the face, (adrenaline) auto-injector Epinephrine
lips, tongue, or immediately if available, (adrenaline) auto-
throat, hives, call emergency services, injector for immediate
itching, and a rapid and assist with treatment.
or weak pulse. positioning to help with
breathing difficulties.

Stroke Sudden numbness Act FAST (Face, Arms, Tissue

or weakness in the
Speech, Time) and plasminogen
face, arm, or leg
seek immediate activator (tPA) for
(especially on one
medical attention. ischemic strokes
side of the body),
confusion, trouble Keep the person calm within the
speaking or and comfortable, and appropriate time
understanding monitor vital signs. window.
speech, difficulty
walking, dizziness,
and severe
headache.

Remember to:
 Add your name and the date of submission
 Spell check and ensure appropriate grammar and language are used
 Complete the resource list below

Unit 305 (KSB) Assignment V2.0

June 2022
 Resource list:
(Please state which resources you have used to help you complete this task e.g., webinars,
platform resources, links to websites used for research, textbooks, images)

Webinar 22, 11/03/24- https://tempdent.adobeconnect.com/p5jsv1d9fl7u/

https://bnf.nice.org.uk/treatment-summaries/medical-emergencies-in-the-community/
https://alevelbiology.co.uk/notes/structure-of-the-heart/
https://studymind.co.uk/notes/structure-of-the-lungs/

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Unit 305 (KSB) Assignment V2.0

June 2022