MATHEMATICS 9

Name: ______________________________________ Date: ____________________

Grade: ______________________________________ Section: ___________________

Quarter: 3 Week: 2 SSLM No. 2 MELC: Proves theorems on the different

kinds of a parallelogram (rectangle, rhombus, square) (M9GE-IIIc-1)

➢ Objective: To prove theorems on the different kinds of parallelograms:

a. rectangle
b. rhombus
c. square
➢ Title of Textbook/LM to Study: Mathematics 9 Learner’s Material
➢ Chapter: 5 Pages: 319-328 Topic: Parallelograms

Let Us Discover

After applying the different properties of a parallelogram, you are now ready to prove
and discover different theorems that justify each kind of parallelogram.

THEOREMS ON RECTANGLE

Theorem 1: If a parallelogram has a right angle, then it has four right angles, and the
parallelogram is a right rectangle. T
S

Given: STAR is a parallelogram with a right angle ∠S.

Prove: ∠ T , ∠ A, ∠ R are right angles.

Proof: R A

Statements Reasons
1. STAR is a parallelogram. 1. Given
2. m∠ S = 90. 2. Definition of Right Angle
3. ∠ S ≅ ∠A, ∠T ≅ ∠ S. 3. In a parallelogram, opposite angles are
congruent.
4. m ∠ S = m ∠A, and m ∠T = m∠ R. 4. Definition of congruent angles

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 5. m ∠A = 90. 5. Substitution (Statement No. 2 and 4)
6. m ∠ S = m ∠T = 180. 6. Consecutive angles are congruent
7. 90 + m ∠T = 180. 7. Substitution (Statement No. 2 and 6)
8. 90 = 90. 8. Reflexive Property
9. m ∠T = 90. 9. Subtraction Property (Statement No. 7 and 8)
10. m ∠R = 90. 10. Substitution (Statement No. 4 and 9)
11. ∠T, m ∠ A, ∠ R are right angles. 11. If the measure of an angle is 90, then it is a
right angle.

L O
Theorem 2: The diagonals of a rectangle are congruent.

Given: 𝑳𝑽 and ̅̅̅̅

LOVE is a rectangle with diagonals ̅̅̅̅ 𝑶𝑬
̅̅̅̅
Prove: 𝑳𝑽≅ 𝑶𝑬̅̅̅̅

E V

Statements Reasons
̅̅̅̅ ≅
1.LOVE is a rectangle with diagonals 𝑳𝑽 1. Given
̅̅̅̅
𝑶𝑬
𝐿𝑉 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
2. ̅̅̅̅ 𝑂𝐸 2. Opposites Sides of parallelogram are
congruent.
3. ∠ LEV and ∠ OVE are right angles 3. Theorem 1
4. ∠ LEV ≅ ∠ OVE 4. All right angles are congruent.
5. ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑬𝑉 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑉𝐸 5. Reflexive Property
6. LEV ≅ OVE 6. SAS Congruence Postulate
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
7. 𝐿𝑉 ≅ 𝑂𝐸 7. CPCTC (Corresponding Parts of
Congruent Triangles are Congruent)

N O
THEOREMS ON RHOMBUS

Theorem 3: The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular,

Given: Rhombus NOVA

L
𝑵𝑽⊥ ̅̅̅̅
Prove: ̅̅̅̅ 𝑶𝑨
A V
Statements Reasons
1. RHOMBUS NOVA 1.Given
2. ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑉 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝑂 2. Definition of Rhombus
3. 𝑁𝑉 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ̅̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ 𝐴𝑂 bisect each other 3. The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect
each other.
4. L is the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝑉 4. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑂 bisects ̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝑉 at L
̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
5. 𝑁𝐿 ≅ 𝐿𝑉 5. Definition of Midpoint
6. ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐿 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐿 6. Reflexive Property

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 7. NLO ≅ VLO 7. SSS Congruence Postulate
8. ∠ NLO ≅ ∠ VLNVO are right triangles 8. CPCTC
9. ∠ NLO ≅ ∠ VLO 9. ∠ NLO and ∠ VLO form a linear pair and
are congruent.
10 𝑁𝑉 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ ⊥ 𝑂𝐴 Perpendicular lines meet to form right
angles.

Theorem 4: Each diagonal of a rhombus bisects opposite angles. J E

3

Given: Rhombus JEAN 4

Prove: ∠ 1 ≅ ∠ 2 ; ∠ 3 ≅ ∠ 4
Proof: 1 2
N A

Statements Reasons
1. RHOMBUS JEAN 1.Given
2 ̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝐽 ≅ ̅̅̅𝐽𝐸 ; ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐴 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑁 2. Definition of Rhombus
̅̅̅̅̅
3. 𝐸𝑁 ≅ 𝑁𝐸 ̅̅̅̅ 3. Reflexive Property
4. NEJ ≅ EAN 4. SSS Congruence Postulate
5. ∠ 1 ≅ ∠ 2 ; ∠ 3 ≅ ∠ 4 5. CPCTC

THE SQUARE

The SQUARE is the most special among the kinds of parallelogram because all the
properties of parallelograms and the theorems of rectangle and rhombus are true to all
squares.

Let Us Try

Activity 1: Fill Me In!

Directions: Fill in the blank with the correct statement and reasons to prove certain
parallelogram.

1. M
2
1 Given: Rhombus MATH
A Prove: ∠ 1 ≅ ∠ 2 ; ∠ 3 ≅ ∠ 4

Proof:
H

Statements Reasons
3 4 1. 1.Given
2. ̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝐻𝑀 ≅ 𝑀𝐴̅̅̅̅̅ ; 𝐴𝑇
̅̅̅̅̅≅ 𝑇𝐻
̅̅̅̅ 2.
T
3. 3. Reflexive Property

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 4. 4. SSS Congruence Postulate
5. ∠ 1 ≅ ∠ 2 ; ∠ 3 ≅ ∠ 4 5.

2.
I

Given: TIME is a rectangle with diagonals

̅̅̅̅̅
𝑇𝑀 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐼𝐸 ̅̅̅
Prove: ̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅
𝑻𝑴 ≅ 𝑰𝑬
E
M
Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. 1.Given
2. 2. Opposites Sides of parallelogram are
congruent.
3. 3. Theorem 1
4. ∠ TEM ≅ ∠ IME 4. All right angles are congruent
̅̅̅̅̅≅ 𝑀𝐸
5. 𝐸𝑀 5.
6. . TEM ≅ IME 6.
̅̅̅̅̅
7. 𝑇𝑀 ≅ 𝐼𝐸̅̅̅ 7.

Let Us Do

This time, let us perform the activity given below applying the knowledge you had in
proving theorems of parallelogram.

Activity 2: Prove Me!

Direction: Prove that DEFG is a parallelogram given that 𝐺𝐸 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷𝐹 𝑏𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑡 𝑂.
O D
3 Statements Reasons
1. 1.
1 2. 2.
O
2 3. 3.
4. 4.
G F 5. 5.
6. 6.
7. 7.

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 Let Us Apply

In this activity, you are given a chance to demonstrate understanding on proving

theorems on parallelograms in a real-life situation.

Activity 3: Show Me your Creation!

Directions: Design and create a 3D rectangular study table having parts showing the different
theorems on parallelogram out of recycled materials. Explain with good reasoning how the
3D rectangular study table was made.

Rubrics

Criteria 4 3 2 1

The overall impact The overall impact The overall impact The overall impact of
of the output of the out put of the output the output
or designed study or designed study or designed study or designed study
Creativity table is very table is impressive table is fair and table is POOR and
impressive and the and the use of the use of recycled the use of recycled
use of recycled recycled materials materials is materials is less
materials is very is evident. evident. evident.
evident.
The learner shows Th learner shows The learner shows
The learner shows
nearly complete some degree of very limited
full understanding
understanding of understanding of understanding of the
of the concept as
Application the concept as the concept as concept as evidenced
evidenced in the
evidenced in the evidenced in the in the work
work presented.
work presented. work presented. presented.

The explanation
The explanation The explanation
and reasoning are The explanation and
and reasoning are and reasoning are
clear, precise, and reasoning are vague,
very clear, precise, vague, but It
Mathematical coherent. It and It didn’t include
and coherent. It included facts and
Justification included facts and facts and the
included facts and stated the
stated the theorems on
stated the theorems on
theorems on rectangles.
theorems on rectangles.
rectangles.
rectangles.

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 References

Mathematics 9 Learner’s Material pp. 319-328

Project EASE (Effective Alternative Secondary Education), Bureau of Secondary Education,
Department of Education.

SSLM Development Team

Writer: Novajean E. Lagansua
Content Editor: Ismaela N. Tambagan
LR Evaluators: Janice C. Antonio, Mary Jane V. Muyco, Marjohn C. Mantawil
Illustrator: Novajean E. Lagansua
Creative Arts Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
Education Program Supervisor – Mathematics: Zaida N. Abiera
Education Program Supervisor – Learning Resources: Sally A. Palomo
Curriculum Implementation Division Chief: Juliet F. Lastimosa
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent: Carlos G. Susarno, Ph. D.
Schools Division Superintendent: Romelito G. Flores, CESO V

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