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SQL Commands

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Ayush Gupta
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14 views

SQL Commands

Uploaded by

Ayush Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SNO Command, Syntax, and Purpose Category

1. Command: CREATE DATABASE DDL


Syntax: CREATE DATABASE <databasename>;
Purpose: Creates a database with the specified name.

2. Command: CREATE TABLE DDL


Syntax: CREATE TABLE <tablename>
(<column name1> <data type1>
[,<column name2> <data type2>,
.
.
<column nameN> <data typeN>]
);
Purpose: Creates a table with the specified name.

3. Command: ALTER TABLE DDL


Syntax: ALTER TABLE <tablename>
ADD <columnname> <datatype>;
ALTER TABLE <tablename>
DROP <columnname>;
ALTER TABLE <tablename>
MODIFY <column> <new_definition>;
Purpose: Modifies the structure of a table

4. Command: USE DML


Syntax: USE <databasename>;
Purpose: Opens the specified database for use.

5. Command: SELECT DATABASE() DML


Syntax: SELECT DATABASE();
Purpose: Shows the name of the current database

6. Command: SHOW TABLES DML


Syntax: SHOW TABLES;
Purpose: Shows a list of tables present in the current
database.

7. Command: INSERT DML


Syntax: INSERT INTO <tablename>
[<column1>, <column2>, ..., <columnn>]
VALUES (<value1>, <value2>, ... <value n>);
Purpose: Inserts data into a table
SNO Command, Syntax, and Purpose Category

8. Command: SELECT DML


Syntax: SELECT <* / column name / expression> ,
[<column name/Expression list>]
FROM <table name>
[WHERE <condition>]
[ORDER BY <column name / expression>
[ASC/DESC]];
There are multiple ways to use SELECT.
These will be explained with the help of
examples in this lesson.
Purpose: Retrieves data from a table

9. Command: DESCRIBE DML


Syntax: DESC[RIBE] <tablename>;
Purpose: Shows the structure of a table.

10. Command: UPDATE DML


Syntax: UPDATE <tablename>
SET <column name> = <value>
[,<column name> = <value>, …]
[WHERE <condn>];
Purpose: Updates/Modifies data in a table

11. Command: DELETE DML


Syntax: DELETE FROM < tablename>
[ Where < condition>];
Purpose: Deletes data from a table

12. Command: DROP TABLE DDL


Syntax: DELETE TABLE < tablename>
Purpose: Delete the table
Following are the clauses which can be used with SELECT command:

a. DISTINCT Used to display distinct values from a column of a table.


b. WHERE Used to specify the condition based on which rows of a
table
are displayed.
c. BETWEEN Used to define the range of values within which the column
values must fall to make a condition true. Range includes
both the upper and the lower values.
d. IN Used to select values that match any value in a list of
Specified values.
e. LIKE Used for pattern matching of string data using wildcard
characters % and _ .
f. IS NULL / Used to select rows in which the specified column is NULL
(or is NOT NULL NOT NULL)
g. ORDER BY Used to display the selected rows in ascending or in
descending order of the specified column/expression.

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