CONTROL THE SPEED OF INDUCTION MOTOR BY

CHANGING THE POLES

Project Report
submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
Diploma in Electrical Engineering
Submitted
By
ROLL STUDENT NAME ENROLMENT NO.
NO.
41 NIRMALE SANIKA VITTHAL 2200150720
42 KOLI ONKAR HANUMANT 2200150721
43 ATTAR AJIM ASIF 2200150722
44 MAKANDAR GOUSPAK CHANDBASHA 1900150147
45 SHEWALKAR TUSHAR VISHWAMBHAR 2100150163
46 MORE GAJANAN BHIMRAO 2000150407
47 BARGANDE PRITHVIRAJ VISHNU 2100150107
48 CHOPDE VAIBHAV RAGHUNATH 2100150112

Under the guidance of

Prof. Shah Kadir Sayyad

Department of Electrical Engineering

Government Polytechnic, Solapur
2023-24
i
 A
PROJECT REPORT
ON
CONTROL THE SPEED OF INDUCTION MOTOR BY
CHANGING THE POLES
Submitted by
ROLL STUDENT NAME ENROLMENT NO.
NO.
41 NIRMALE SANIKA VITTHAL 2200150720
42 KOLI ONKAR HANUMANT 2200150721
43 ATTAR AJIM ASIF 2200150722
44 MAKANDAR GOUSPAK CHANDBASHA 1900150147
45 SHEWALKAR TUSHAR VISHWAMBHAR 2100150163
46 MORE GAJANAN BHIMRAO 2000150407
47 BARGANDE PRITHVIRAJ VISHNU 2100150107
48 CHOPDE VAIBHAV RAGHUNATH 2100150112

Guided by Prof. Shah Kadir Sayyad

Department of Electrical Engineering

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, SOLAPUR

2023-24

ii
 GOVERNMENT POLYTECTNIC, SOLAPUR

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that project report entitled
submitted by
ROLL STUDENT NAME ENROLMENT NO.
NO.
41 NIRMALE SANIKA VITTHAL 2200150720
42 KOLI ONKAR HANUMANT 2200150721
43 ATTAR AJIM ASIF 2200150722
44 MAKANDAR GOUSPAK CHANDBASHA 1900150147
45 SHEWALKAR TUSHAR VISHWAMBHAR 2100150163
46 MORE GAJANAN BHIMRAO 2000150407
47 BARGANDE PRITHVIRAJ VISHNU 2100150107
48 CHOPDE VAIBHAV RAGHUNATH 2100150112

is a record of project work carried out by the group, under my

guidance, at Government Polytechnic, Solapur in partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of
Diploma in Electrical Engineering from Government
Polytechnic, Solapur an Institute of Government of
Maharashtra.

Guide HOD

Prof. Shah Kadir Sayyad

Examiner Principal
DR. Upadhya sir

iii
 Acknowledgements

Success of any work depends upon the dedication, sincerity and hard work. It
also requires some ingredients such as motivation, guidance, encouragement
and time. Wholehearted effort altogether makes the project useful and
meaningful.
I express my foremost and deepest sense of gratitude to my Sayyad sir
andin Electrical Engineering Department, for their continuous guidance
andinspiration in the successful completion of this work.
I am also privileged to thank Dr. Gaitidak, Head of Electrical Engineering
Department of Government Polytechnic, Solapur for making the facilities
available in department for this work and his constant encouragement.
I would like to thank all faculty members of Electrical Engineering
Department. I would also like to extend my gratitude, respect and love to my
family and all my friends who never left me alone but always made me feel
spirited and comfortable intellectually and materially to this work

iv
 Abstract
The abstract explores the concept of speed control in induction motors through the
innovative method of changing the number of poles. Traditionally, speed control in
induction motors has been achieved using methods such as varying the frequency
or adjusting the voltage. However, these methods have limitations and may lead to
undesirable consequences such as overheating or reduced efficiency.

In this study, we propose a novel approach to motor speed control by changing the
number of poles in the motor winding. By manipulating the pole configuration, we
aim to provide a more efficient and versatile solution for speed control. This
method involves the use of a specialized controller to dynamically adjust the pole
arrangement based on the desired motor speed.

The research involves theoretical analysis, simulation studies, and practical

experiments to validate the effectiveness of the proposed pole-changing method.
Various scenarios, including different load conditions and speed requirements, are
considered to assess the robustness and efficiency of the system. Additionally, the
impact on motor performance, energy efficiency, and overall system stability is
thoroughly investigated.

The results of this study showcase the feasibility and advantages of using pole-
changing as a method for speed control in induction motors. The findings
contribute to the development of more sophisticated and adaptive motor control
strategies, offering potential applications in industries where precise speed control
is crucial for optimal performance. The research also discusses practical
implementation considerations and potential challenges associated with the
proposed pole-changing approach. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into
the advancement of induction motor control technologies.

v
Sr.
INDEX
No.
1
Abstract

2 Chapter 1: Introduction

3 List of Tables

4 List of Figures

5 Diagram

6 Calculation

7 Chapter 2: Windings

8 Chapter 3: Literature survey

9 Chapter 4: Results

10 Chapter 5: Discussions

11 Chapter 6: Summary
12 Chapter 7: Conclusion
13
References

vi
Chapter 1

Introduction
The investigation focuses on a novel approach to control the speed of an induction
motor by dynamically changing the number of poles. Traditional methods of speed
control have limitations, and the proposed pole-changing method aims to offer a
more adaptable and efficient solution. The investigation involves simulations,
experiments, and a comprehensive analysis of motor performance, energy
efficiency, and system stability.

vii
List of Tables
Table 1: Motor Specifications
Provides details about the induction motor under study, including rated
power, voltage, current, and initial pole configuration.

Table 2: Pole Configuration Matrix

Lists the different pole configurations tested during the experiment or
simulation, indicating the number of poles and corresponding speed
settings.
Table 3: Simulation Results
Presents simulation data showing motor speed, torque, and efficiency for
each pole configuration under various load conditions.
Table 4: Experimental Data
Displays experimental results obtained from physical tests, including
motor speed measurements, current, and voltage values for different pole
configurations.
Table 5: Comparison of Speed Control Methods
Compares the proposed pole-changing method with traditional speed
control methods (frequency control, voltage control) in terms of
efficiency, response time, and system stability.
Table 6: Energy Efficiency Analysis
Provides data on energy consumption for different pole configurations,
highlighting the energy-saving potential of the proposed method.

viii
Table 7: Temperature Rise Analysis
Shows temperature rise data for the motor under various pole
configurations, assessing the impact on thermal performance.
Table 8: System Stability Metrics
Presents metrics related to system stability, such as overshoot, settling
time, and response time, for different pole configurations.
Table 9: Cost-Benefit Analysis
Summarizes the costs associated with implementing the proposed pole-
changing method and compares them with the benefits, considering
energy savings and improved motor performance.
Table 10: Summary of Findings
A comprehensive table summarizing the key findings of the study,
including the most effective pole configuration for achieving desired
speed control and energy efficiency.

ix
List of Figures
Figure 1: Induction Motor Structure

Figure 2: Motor Speed vs. Number of Poles

Figure 3: Pole Configuration Change Mechanism

x
Figure 4: Experimental Setup

xi
Chapter 2
Windings

2 pole winding

xii
Calculation

xiii
The calculation related to a 2-pole winding in the context of an electrical
machine often involves determining key parameters such as synchronous
speed and frequency. Here are the basic calculations associated with a 2-pole
winding:
1. Synchronous Speed (Ns):
The synchronous speed (Ns) of an electrical machine is determined by the
frequency (f) of the power supply and the number of poles (P). For a 2-pole
machine, the formula is:

Where:
 Ns is the synchronous speed in revolutions per minute (RPM),
 f is the frequency of the power supply in hertz (Hz),
 P is the number of poles.
For a 2-pole machine, the formula simplifies to Ns=60×f.
2. Frequency (f):
 If you know the synchronous speed and the number of poles, you can
rearrange the formula to find the frequency:

Where:
 f is the frequency in hertz,
 Ns is the synchronous speed in RPM,
 P is the number of poles.
For a 2-pole machine, the frequency is
These calculations are fundamental for understanding the relationship between
the number of poles, synchronous speed, and the frequency of the power
supply in a 2-pole winding. Keep in mind that these formulas assume ideal
conditions and do not account for slip in the case of induction motors or other
practical considerations in machine design. Actual machine performance may
vary based on specific design parameters and operating conditions.

xiv
4 Pole Winding

xv
xvi
Calculation

x
vii
The calculation related to a 4-pole winding in the context of an electrical
machine often involves determining key parameters such as synchronous
speed and frequency. Here are the basic calculations associated with a 4-
pole winding:
The synchronous speed (Ns) of an electrical machine is determined by the
frequency (f) of the power supply and the number of poles (P). For a 4-pole
machine, the formula is:

Where:
 Ns is the synchronous speed in revolutions per minute (RPM),
 f is the frequency of the power supply in hertz (Hz),
 P is the number of poles.
For a 4-pole machine, the formula simplifies to .
2. Frequency (f):
 If you know the synchronous speed and the number of poles, you can
rearrange the formula to find the frequency:

Where:
 f is the frequency in hertz,
 Ns is the synchronous speed in RPM,
 P is the number of poles.
For a 4-pole machine, the frequency is
These calculations are fundamental for understanding the relationship between
the number of poles, synchronous speed, and the frequency of the power
supply in a 4-pole winding. Keep in mind that these formulas assume ideal
conditions and do not account for slip in the case of induction motors or other
practical considerations in machine design. Actual machine performance may
vary based on specific design parameters and operating conditions.

x
viii
6 Pole Winding

x
ix
Calculation

The calculation related to a 6-pole winding in the context of an electrical

machine often involves determining key parameters such as synchronous
speed and frequency. Here are the basic calculations associated with a 6-
pole winding:1. Synchronous Speed (Ns):
The synchronous speed (Ns) of an electrical machine is determined by the
frequency (f) of the power supply and the number of poles (P). For a 6-pole
machine, the formula is:

Where:
 Ns is the synchronous speed in revolutions per minute (RPM),
 f is the frequency of the power supply in hertz (Hz),
 P is the number of poles.
For a 6-pole machine, the formula simplifies to .
2. Frequency (f):
 If you know the synchronous speed and the number of poles, you can
rearrange the formula to find the frequency:

Where:
 f is the frequency in hertz,
 Ns is the synchronous speed in RPM,
 P is the number of poles.
For a 6-pole machine, the frequency is
These calculations are fundamental for understanding the relationship between
the number of poles, synchronous speed, and the frequency of the power
supply in a 6-pole winding. Keep in mind that these formulas assume ideal
conditions and do not account for slip in the case of induction motors or other
practical considerations in machine design. Actual machine performance may
vary based on specific design parameters and operating conditions.

x
x
8 Pole Winding

x
xi
Calculation:

The calculation related to an 8-pole winding in the context of an electrical

machine often involves determining key parameters such as synchronous
speed and frequency. Here are the basic calculations associated with an 8-
pole winding:
The synchronous speed (Ns) of an electrical machine is determined by the
frequency (f) of the power supply and the number of poles (P). For a 8-pole
machine, the formula is:

Where:
 Ns is the synchronous speed in revolutions per minute (RPM),
 f is the frequency of the power supply in hertz (Hz),
 P is the number of poles.
For a 8-pole machine, the formula simplifies to .
2. Frequency (f):
 If you know the synchronous speed and the number of poles, you can
rearrange the formula to find the frequency:

Where:
 f is the frequency in hertz,
 Ns is the synchronous speed in RPM,
 P is the number of poles.
For a 8-pole machine, the frequency is
These calculations are fundamental for understanding the relationship between
the number of poles, synchronous speed, and the frequency of the power
supply in an 8-pole winding. Keep in mind that these formulas assume ideal
conditions and do not account for slip in the case of induction motors or other
practical considerations in machine design. Actual machine performance may
vary based on specific design parameters and operating conditions.

x
xii
10 Pole Winding

x
xiii
Calculation:

The calculation related to a 10-pole winding in the context of an electrical

machine often involves determining key parameters such as synchronous
speed and frequency. Here are the basic calculations associated with a 10-
pole winding:.
1. The synchronous speed (Ns) of an electrical machine is determined by the
frequency (f) of the power supply and the number of poles (P). For a 10-pole
machine, the formula is:

Where:
 Ns is the synchronous speed in revolutions per minute (RPM),
 f is the frequency of the power supply in hertz (Hz),
 P is the number of poles.
For a 10-pole machine, the formula simplifies to .
2. Frequency (f):
 If you know the synchronous speed and the number of poles, you can
rearrange the formula to find the frequency:

Where:
 f is the frequency in hertz,
 Ns is the synchronous speed in RPM,
 P is the number of poles.
For a 10-pole machine, the frequency is
These calculations are fundamental for understanding the
relationship between the number of poles, synchronous speed, and the
frequency of the power supply in a 10-pole winding. Keep in mind that these
formulas assume ideal conditions and do not account for slip in the case of
induction motors or other practical considerations in machine design. Actual
machine performance may vary based on specific design parameters and
operating conditions.

x
xiv
12 Pole Winding

x
xv
Calculation:

The calculation related to a 12-pole winding in the context of an electrical

machine often involves determining key parameters such as synchronous
speed and frequency. Here are the basic calculations associated with a 12-
pole winding:
1. The synchronous speed (Ns) of an electrical machine is determined by the
frequency (f) of the power supply and the number of poles (P). For a 12-pole
machine, the formula is:

Where:
 Ns is the synchronous speed in revolutions per minute (RPM),
 f is the frequency of the power supply in hertz (Hz),
 P is the number of poles.
For a 12-pole machine, the formula simplifies to .
2. Frequency (f):
 If you know the synchronous speed and the number of poles, you can
rearrange the formula to find the frequency:

Where:
 f is the frequency in hertz,
 Ns is the synchronous speed in RPM,
 P is the number of poles.
For a 12-pole machine, the frequency is
These calculations are fundamental for understanding the
relationship between the number of poles, synchronous speed, and the
frequency of the power supply in a 12-pole winding. Keep in mind that these
formulas assume ideal conditions and do not account for slip in the case of
induction motors or other practical considerations in machine design. Actual
machine performance may vary based on specific design parameters and
operating conditions.

x
xvi
Chapter 3

Literature survey
1. Objectives:

Develop and implement a control system capable of dynamically changing the

number of poles in an induction motor.

Investigate the impact of pole-changing on motor speed, energy efficiency, and

system stability through simulations.

Experimentally validate the proposed pole-changing method and compare the

results with simulation outcomes.

Analyze the potential benefits, challenges, and practical implications of adopting

this innovative speed control strategy.

2. Methodology:

Simulation: Utilized simulation software to model the induction motor, implement

the pole-changing algorithm, and assess motor performance under varying
conditions.

Experimentation: Implemented the proposed pole-changing mechanism in a

physical setup, conducting experiments to validate simulation results and observe
real-time motor behavior.

Performance Metrics: Evaluated motor speed, torque characteristics, power factor,

energy efficiency, stability metrics, and thermal performance under different pole
configurations.

x
xvii
Chapter 4
Results
Simulation Outcomes:

Demonstrated a clear correlation between the number of poles and motor speed,
validating the effectiveness of the proposed pole-changing method.

Energy efficiency comparisons highlighted significant improvements over

traditional speed control methods.

Experimental Findings:

Successfully implemented the pole-changing mechanism in a physical setup.

Observed stable motor performance, consistent torque output, and desirable power
factor characteristics under different pole configurations.

xiii
Chapter 5
Discussions
Energy Efficiency: Comparative analysis indicated superior energy efficiency with
the proposed pole-changing method, suggesting potential energy savings in
practical applications.

System Stability: Stability metrics showed improved performance during rapid

speed changes, emphasizing the system's stability under dynamic conditions.

Thermal Analysis: Reduced temperature rise in the motor under different pole
configurations, indicating potential benefits for motor longevity.

xiv
Chapter 6
Summary
The research aimed to investigate the control of induction motor speed
through an innovative approach—changing the number of poles dynamically.
The study involved simulations and experiments to validate the proposed
pole-changing method, exploring its impact on motor performance, energy
efficiency, and system stability.
Simulation results demonstrated a clear relationship between the number of
poles and motor speed, with the proposed method effectively achieving
desired speed control. Energy efficiency comparisons revealed significant
improvements over traditional methods, emphasizing the potential for energy
savings. The experimental setup successfully implemented the pole-changing
mechanism, and real-time observations confirmed its reliability.
Motor performance under different pole configurations exhibited stable
operation, consistent torque output, and desirable power factor
characteristics. System stability metrics indicated improved performance,
particularly during rapid speed changes. Thermal analysis demonstrated
reduced temperature rise, highlighting the potential for enhanced motor
longevity.

xv
Chapter 7
Conclusion
The investigation concludes that dynamically changing the number of poles is a
viable and effective method for controlling the speed of an induction motor. The
proposed pole-changing approach offers advantages in terms of energy efficiency,
system stability, and adaptability to varying load conditions. Experimental
validation aligns closely with simulation results, supporting the practical
applicability of the method.

xvi
References
https://www.mathworks.com

https://circuitglobe.com

https://www.tutorialspoint.com

https://www.electricaleasy.com

xvii
xviii