Create a Sample Database

We will create a database with name myDB

> use myDB

Create a Collection

We will create a collection with name orders.

> db.createCollection("orders")

MongoDB doesn't use the rows and columns. It stores the data in a document format. A collection is a
group of documents.

Check all Collections

We can check all collections in a database by using the following statement.

>show collections
orders

Insert One Document in Collection

db.orders.insertOne(
{
Customer: "abc",
Address:{"City":"Jaipur","Country":"India"},
PaymentMode:"Card",
Email:"[email protected]",
OrderTotal: 1000.00,
OrderItems:[
{"ItemName":"notebook","Price":"150.00","Qty":10},
{"ItemName":"paper","Price":"10.00","Qty":5},
{"ItemName":"journal","Price":"200.00","Qty":2},
{"ItemName":"postcard","Price":"10.00","Qty":500}
})

Insert Many Documents Together in Collection

db.orders.insertMany([
{

Customer: "xyz",
Address:{"City":"Delhi","Country":"India"},
PaymentMode:"Cash",
OrderTotal: 800.00,
OrderItems:[
 {"ItemName":"notebook","Price":"150.00","Qty":5},
{"ItemName":"paper","Price":"10.00","Qty":5},
{"ItemName":"postcard","Price":"10.00","Qty":500}
]
},
{
Customer: "ron",
Address:{"City":"New York","Country":"USA"},
PaymentMode:"Card",
Email:"[email protected]",
OrderTotal: 800.00,
OrderItems:[
{"ItemName":"notebook","Price":"150.00","Qty":5},
{"ItemName":"postcard","Price":"10.00","Qty":00}
]
}
])

A document is the equivalent of an RDBMS row. It doesn't need to have the same schema in each
document. It means a document might not have any field that doesn't have any value.

Query Documents

find() method

We need to use the find() method to query documents from MongoDB collections. The following
statement will retrieve all documents from the collection.

> db.orders.find()

The result will be:

{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd4e2cc0821d3b44607534c")
Customer: "abc",
Address:{"City":"Jaipur","Country":"India"},
PaymentMode:"Card",
Email:"[email protected]",
OrderTotal: 1000.00,
OrderItems:[
{"ItemName":"notebook","Price":"150.00","Qty":10},
{"ItemName":"paper","Price":"10.00","Qty":5},
{"ItemName":"journal","Price":"200.00","Qty":2},
{"ItemName":"postcard","Price":"10.00","Qty":500}
]
},
 {
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd4e2cc0821d3b44607544c"),
Customer: "xyz",
Address:{"City":"Delhi","Country":"India"},
PaymentMode:"Cash",
OrderTotal: 800.00,
OrderItems:[
{"ItemName":"notebook","Price":"150.00","Qty":5},
{"ItemName":"paper","Price":"10.00","Qty":5},
{"ItemName":"postcard","Price":"10.00","Qty":500}
]
},
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd4e2cc0821d3b44607644c"),
Customer: "ron",
Address:{"City":"New York","Country":"USA"},
PaymentMode:"Card",
Email:"[email protected]",
OrderTotal: 600.00,
OrderItems:[
{"ItemName":"notebook","Price":"150.00","Qty":5},
{"ItemName":"postcard","Price":"10.00","Qty":00}
]
}
Projection

If we want to fetch only selected fields then we can use the projection. Following statement will fetch
only Customer and Email field.

> db.orders.find( { }, { Customer: 1, Email: 1 })

The result will be

{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd4e2cc0821d3b44607534c")
Customer: "abc",
Email:"[email protected]"
},
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd4e2cc0821d3b44607544c"),
Customer: "xyz"
},
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd4e2cc0821d3b44607644c"),
Customer: "ron",
Email:"[email protected]"
 }

Filter the Documents by Specifying a Condition

Now we will learn how we can fetch the documents that match a specified condition. MongoDB
provides many comparison operators for this.

1. $eq Operator

The $eq operator checks the equality of the field value with the specified value. To fetch the order
where PaymentMode is 'Card' we can use the following statement

>db.orders.find( { PaymentMode: { $eq: "Card" } } )

The query can also be written as:

>db.orders.find( { PaymentMode: "Card" } )

Example
>db.orders.find( { PaymentMode: "Card" }, { Customer: 1, PaymentMode: 1 } )
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd4e2cc0821d3b44607534c")
Customer: "abc",
PaymentMode:"Card"
},
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd4e2cc0821d3b44607644c"),
Customer: "ron",
PaymentMode:"Card"
}

$eq Operator with embedded document

We may have noticed that we inserted an embedded document Address in the Orders collection. If we
want to fetch the order where Country is 'India' we can use a dot notation like the following statement.

>db.orders.find( { "Address.Country": { $eq: "India" } } )

This query can be written also like below

>db.orders.find( { "Address.Country":"India" } )

Example

>db.orders.find( { "Address.Country": { $eq: "India" } } , { Customer: 1, Address: 1 })

The result will be as follows:
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd4e2cc0821d3b44607534c")
Customer: "abc",
 Address:{"City":"Jaipur","Country":"India"}
},
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd4e2cc0821d3b44607544c"),
Customer: "xyz",
Address:{"City":"Delhi","Country":"India"}
}

$eq Operator with array

$eq operator will retrieve all the documents if the specified condition is true for any item in an array.
We have an OrderItems array in the document. If we want to filter the documents where 'paper' were
also ordered then the statement would be as follows.

>db.orders.find( { "OrderItems.ItemName": { $eq: "paper" } } )

This query can be written also like below

>db.orders.find( { "OrderItems.ItemName": "paper" } )

Example

>db.orders.find( { "OrderItems.ItemName": { $eq: "paper" } } , { Customer: 1, OrderItems: 1 })

The result will be as follows:

{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd4e2cc0821d3b44607534c")
Customer: "abc",
OrderItems:[
{"ItemName":"notebook","Price":"150.00","Qty":10},
{"ItemName":"paper","Price":"10.00","Qty":5},
{"ItemName":"journal","Price":"200.00","Qty":2},
{"ItemName":"postcard","Price":"10.00","Qty":500}
]
},
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd4e2cc0821d3b44607544c"),
Customer: "xyz",
OrderItems:[
{"ItemName":"notebook","Price":"150.00","Qty":5},
{"ItemName":"paper","Price":"10.00","Qty":5},
{"ItemName":"postcard","Price":"10.00","Qty":500}
]
}
2. $gt Operator

We can use the $gt operator to retrieve the documents where a field’s value is greater than the specified
value. The following statement will fetch the documents where OrderTotal is greater than 800.

>db.orders.find( { OrderTotal: { $gt: 800.00 } } )

Example

>db.orders.find( { "OrderTotal": { $gt: 800.00 } } , { Customer: 1, OrderTotal: 1 })

The result will be as follows:

{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd4e2cc0821d3b44607534c")
Customer: "abc",
OrderTotal: 1000.00
}

3. $gte Operator

We can use the $gte operator to retrieve the documents where a field’s value is greater than or equal to
the specified value. The following statement will fetch the documents where OrderTotal is greater than
or equal to 800.

>db.orders.find( { OrderTotal: { $gte: 800.00 } } )

Example

>db.Orders.find( { "OrderTotal": { $gte: 800.00 } } , { Customer: 1, OrderTotal: 1 })

The result will be as follows:

{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd4e2cc0821d3b44607534c")
Customer: "abc",
OrderTotal: 1000.00
},
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd4e2cc0821d3b44607544c"),
Customer: "xyz",
OrderTotal: 800.00
}
4. $lt Operator

We can use the $lt operator to retrieve the documents where a field’s value is less than the specified
value. The following statement will fetch the documents where OrderTotal is less than 800.

>db.orders.find( { OrderTotal: { $lt: 800.00 } } )

Example

>db.orders.find( { "OrderTotal": { $lt: 800.00 } } , { Customer: 1, OrderTotal: 1 })

The result will be as follows:

{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd4e2cc0821d3b44607644c"),
Customer: "ron",
OrderTotal: 600.00
}

4. $lte Operator

We can use the $lte operator to retrieve the documents where a field’s value is less than or equal to the
specified value. Following statement will fetch the documents where OrderTotal is less than or equal to
800.

>db.orders.find( { OrderTotal: { $lte: 800.00 } } )

Example

>db.orders.find( { "OrderTotal": { $lte: 800.00 } } , { Customer: 1, OrderTotal: 1 })

The result will be as follow:

{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd4e2cc0821d3b44607544c"),
Customer: "xyz",
OrderTotal: 800.00
},
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd4e2cc0821d3b44607644c"),
Customer: "ron",
OrderTotal: 600.00
}

5. $ne Operator

We can use the $ne operator to retrieve the documents where a field’s value is not equal to the
specified value.

>db.orders.find( { PaymentMode: { $ne: "Card" } } )

Example

>db.orders.find( { "PaymentMode": { $ne: "Card" } } , { Customer: 1, PaymentMode: 1 })

The result will be as follow:

{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd4e2cc0821d3b44607544c"),
Customer: "xyz",
PaymentMode":"Cash"
}

6. $in Operator

We can use the $in operator to retrieve the documents where a field’s value is equal to any value in the
specified array.

>db.orders.find( { OrderItems.ItemName: { $in: ["journal","paper"] } } )

Example

>db.orders.find( { OrderItems.ItemName: { $in: ["journal","paper"] } } , { Customer: 1, OrderItems: 1 })

The result will be as follow:

{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd4e2cc0821d3b44607534c")
Customer: "abc",
OrderItems:[
{"ItemName":"notebook","Price":"150.00","Qty":10},
{"ItemName":"paper","Price":"10.00","Qty":5},
{"ItemName":"journal","Price":"200.00","Qty":2},
{"ItemName":"postcard","Price":"10.00","Qty":500}
]
},
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd4e2cc0821d3b44607544c"),
Customer: "xyz",
OrderItems:[
{"ItemName":"notebook","Price":"150.00","Qty":5},
{"ItemName":"paper","Price":"10.00","Qty":5},
{"ItemName":"postcard","Price":"10.00","Qty":500}
]
}

7. $nin Operator

We can use the $nin operator to retrieve the documents where a field’s value is not equal to any value
in the specified array. It will also select the documents where the field does not exist.
>db.orders.find( { OrderItems.ItemName: { $nin: ["journal","paper"] } } )

Example

>db.orders.find( { OrderItems.ItemName: { $nin: ["journal","paper"] } } , { Customer: 1, OrderItems: 1

})

The result will be as follow:

{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd4e2cc0821d3b44607644c"),
Customer: "ron",
OrderItems:[
{"ItemName":"notebook","Price":"150.00","Qty":5},
{"ItemName":"postcard","Price":"10.00","Qty":00}
]
}

Aggregate Functions

Operator Meaning

$count Calculates the quantity of documents in the given group.

$max Displays the maximum value of a document’s field in the collection.

$min Displays the minimum value of a document’s field in the collection.

$avg Displays the average value of a document’s field in the collection.

$sum Sums up the specified values of all documents in the collection.

> db.orders.aggregate([{$group:{ _id:”PaymentMode”, total:{$count: “OrderTotal”}}}])

> db.orders.aggregate([{$group:{ _id:”PaymentMode”, total:{$max: “OrderTotal”}}}])

> db.orders.aggregate([{$group:{ _id:”PaymentMode”, total:{$min: “OrderTotal”}}}])

> db.orders.aggregate([{$group:{ _id:”PaymentMode”, total:{$avg: “OrderTotal”}}}])

> db.orders.aggregate([{$group:{ _id:”PaymentMode”, total:{$sum: “OrderTotal”}}}])

To find Distinct Results:

>db.orders.distinct(“OrderItems.ItemName”)
To update a particular value:

>db.orders.updateMany({‘Address.Country’:’India’},{$set:{ ‘Address.Country’:’Bharat’}})

To rename a collection:

>db.orders.renameCollection(‘OrderDetails’)

To delete the entry from the collection

>db.OrderDetails.deleteOne({‘Address.City’:’Delhi’})

To delete multiple entries from the collection:

>db.OrderDetails.deleteMany({‘PaymentMode’:’Card’’})

To check version of the database

>db.version()

To list MongoDB Commands

>db.help()

To get database Statistics:

>db.stats()

To drop database

>db.dropDatabase()