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Unit-1 Compression Techniques

The document discusses data compression techniques. It defines data compression as reducing the number of bits needed to represent data. The two main types are lossy and lossless compression. Lossy compression removes unnecessary data and can reduce file size but compromises quality, while lossless compression removes unnecessary information without losing quality. The document also covers advantages and disadvantages of compression as well as measures to evaluate compression performance.

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Janvi Patel
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26 views7 pages

Unit-1 Compression Techniques

The document discusses data compression techniques. It defines data compression as reducing the number of bits needed to represent data. The two main types are lossy and lossless compression. Lossy compression removes unnecessary data and can reduce file size but compromises quality, while lossless compression removes unnecessary information without losing quality. The document also covers advantages and disadvantages of compression as well as measures to evaluate compression performance.

Uploaded by

Janvi Patel
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Data Compression C LLEGPT IT603N

1 Compression
Techniques

Data

Data

Compression
Compression
Get Prepared Together

Prepared and Edited by:- Divya Kaurani Designed by:- Kussh Prajapati

Get Prepared Together

www.collegpt.com [email protected]
Unit - 1 : Compression Techniques
Data Compression

Data Compression is a reduction in the number of bits needed to represent data.


Compressing data can save storage capacity, speed up file transfer and decrease costs for
storage hardware and network bandwidth.It works by identifying and removing
redundancies or repetitions within the data, allowing for more efficient storage and
transmission.

Advantages:

● Reduced storage space: Compressed data requires less storage space, allowing you
to store more data on a given device or save storage costs on cloud platforms.
● Faster transmission: Smaller file sizes translate to faster transmission speeds over
networks, improving download times and saving bandwidth.
● Efficient archiving: Compressed data archives take up less space, making long-term
data preservation more feasible.
● Improved usability: Smaller file sizes can be easier to download, share, and manage,
enhancing overall user experience.
● Improved data integrity: For certain types of data, compression can actually improve
data integrity by detecting and correcting errors during the decompression process.
This can be beneficial for safeguarding critical information.
● Reduced power consumption: Smaller data files require less energy to transmit and
store, which can be a significant advantage for battery-powered devices and
environmentally conscious data management.
● Enhanced security: Compression can be used as part of data encryption methods,
making it more difficult for unauthorized users to access and understand the
information even if they intercept it.

Disadvantages:

● Increased processing power: Applying compression algorithms often requires


additional processing power, potentially impacting device performance during
compression and decompression.
● Potential loss of information: Lossy compression techniques sacrifice some data
fidelity to achieve higher compression ratios. This may be acceptable for images and
audio where small quality reductions are tolerable, but not suitable for critical data
like medical records.
● Compatibility issues: Different compression algorithms create files with specific
formats. Not all systems may be able to decompress all types of compressed files,
requiring compatible software.
● Increased complexity: Implementing compression algorithms can introduce
additional complexity to data management systems, requiring specialized knowledge
and expertise for administration.
● Vulnerability to errors: Errors introduced during compression or transmission can be
magnified and lead to more significant data corruption, especially with lossy
compression.
● Potential for compatibility issues with future software: As technology evolves,
older compression formats may become obsolete and incompatible with newer
software, potentially hindering future access to the data.

Types of Data Compression

There are two types / techniques of data compression:

1. Lossy Compression : Removes data, which can cause some degradation in


image quality. Lossy compression is typically used when a file can afford to
lose some data, and/or if storage space needs to be drastically freed up. It can
improve site performance and loading times, and boost user experience (UX)
and search engine optimization (SEO).
2. Lossless Compression : Removes non-essential information, which doesn't
impact the picture's quality. Lossless compression is ideal when file
information loss is unacceptable. It can avoid degrading the quality of a picture,
and restore an image to its original format without any data loss.
S.NO Lossy Compression Lossless Compression

Lossy compression is the While Lossless Compression does not


1. method which eliminates the eliminate the data which is not
data which is not noticeable. noticeable.

In Lossy compression, A file is


While in Lossless Compression, A file
2. not restored or rebuilt in its
can be restored in its original form.
original form.

In Lossy compression, Data’s But Lossless Compression does not


3.
quality is compromised. compromise the data’s quality.

Lossy compression reduces the But Lossless Compression does not


4.
size of data. reduce the size of data.

Algorithms used in Lossy


Algorithms used in Lossless
5. compression are: Transform
compression are: Run Length Encoding,
coding, Discrete Cosine
Lempel-Ziv-Welch, Huffman Coding,
Transform, Discrete Wavelet
Transform, fractal compression Arithmetic encoding etc.
etc.

Lossy compression is used in Lossless Compression is used in Text,


6.
Images, audio, video. images, sound.

Lossless Compression has less


Lossy compression has more
7. data-holding capacity than Lossy
data-holding capacity.
compression technique.

Lossy compression is also


Lossless Compression is also termed as
8. termed as irreversible
reversible compression.
compression.

Measures of Performance:
1. Compression Ratio : Original Size / Compressed Size.
2. Space Savings : (1-Compression Ratio) * 100%.
3. Speed of Compression/ Decompression : Time taken by the compression and
decompression process.
4. Bit Rate : Compressed Size / No. of symbols.
5. Computational Complexity : Resources required by the algorithm.
6. Compression Ratios for different data types : Performance on various data
types.
7. Speed of Compression and Decompression : Time taken to compress or
decompress a given amount of data.
8. Compression and Decompression Ratio : Time taken for Compression / Time
taken for Decompression.
9. Quality of Decomposed Data (for Lossy) : Quality of decompressed data
compared to the original often measured using metrics specific to the datatype.
10. Robustness of Errors : Ability to handle errors or corrupted data.
11. Lossiness vs Losslessness : Difference between lossy and lossless
compression.
12. Adaptability to Data Characteristics : How well the algorithm handles
different data types.
13. Random Access Capability : Ability to access specific parts of compressed
data without full decompression.

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