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Viruses and Bacteria Compared
:# 8in
Require living
→ hostcellto
Mutiply
→ DNA
RNA
contain aproteincoatccapsidl .
No No Mes
ج
"سبَُلن َا َِّ "َوَما َلن َآ أ ََّال نَت ََوَّكَل َعَلى ٱ
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viral structure
µ
ÉDÉ-o↳&ls%yñ -
made of :
capsidjs.ba enveloped b-
-
- -
subunits : -
☒ single/double-stranded capsomeres
☒ linear/ circular .
General Morphology
Enveloped
Envelopedy
Taxonomy of viruses
*
Virus
-
.
- viridae .
-
ales .
→ ← t.ws
+ mRNA .
-
mRNA .
viral species
groupsharingthesame
candy
gentic information .
host .
Inlivinganimalslcellculturesl .
Inembroyonatedeggs
to separate cells .
9.viralgrowthj.it#g.i-*
;o↳÷i-☒
9.viral growths * Nba:
oftheembryo .
oftheembryo .
8fÉ-.☒
Continues cell lines -4-81%85%1 -
d b
cells suspended monolayer . notina
in culture medium monolayer
②
.
cytopathic effects .
serological tests .
Nucleic acids .
e.ge
*
Western blotting Rflps PCR
tr d reaction oftheviruscAntigen )
with # v2
for characterization
.
. .
.
eachhasonenude.us .
hasmanynudei .
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*
RFLPs :(restriction fragment length polymorphism.
viral Multiplication
*
one-step growth curve
www.oi#sH-:sE-a*0.- -6tW.di*O
:
go.tl
*
ÑdbÑ.ws# A ,
→ j-
Multiplication of Bacteriophages .
phagecauseslysisanddeathofhostcell .
phage DNA isincroporatedinthehost DNA .
☒
÷nII # Was:D 's.is .
f phage conversion
④
IJ> €131 # JI .
4 specialized transduction .
④
%→J↳&E↳ replication.az ,
d
④
.be#j-.bJ1Iizs
causeslysisanddeath
of the host cell :
Note : -
lyticcydefss-WT.fm
Multiplication of Animal viruses
② Entry g) OR fusion .
③ Uncoatingoobyviralothhost enzymes .
②
Entry
they
replicate synthesis
µ
DNA capsid
in in
Nudeusofthehost .
cytoplasm ofthehost .
Using : Using :
in cytoplasm .
in nucleus .
Herpesviridae
examples of
•
* DNA viruses :
•
Adenoviridae
.
-
.
•
poxviridae .
•
Hepadnaviridae .
The Biosynthesis of Aviruses .
⑦
mRNA for protein synthesis .
tstrandservesasmRNAforprote.in synthesis .
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
↳ -
replications -4Gt -
④
•
.8a→i↳&⇐!jñ*
Examples of RNA viruses:
Picornaviridae Togaviridae Rhinovirus Rhabdoviridae Reoviridae
②
⑨ 0 0 @
s
The Biosynthesis of Avirusesthatuse DNA .
Use :
produce DNAI-romviralgen.me .
thehostchromosomeasprovirus .
*Oncoviruses.
!
Viruses and Cancer
Several types of cancer are caused by viruses
-
:
DNA Oncogenic Viruses RNA Oncogenic Viruses
→ f- 1 JIA -
lymphoma
Adult T cell leukemia
* Notes
Q : How to indicate a tumour cell ?
On the surface
By tumor-specific transplantation antigen (TSTA)
In the nucleus
By T antigen
Notes
- Plant Viruses and Viroids also enters with invasive parasites, such as insects.
Virusoids
f f
'
Hepatitis D (Delta) Virus Hepatitis B virus
Envelope proteins •
( spikes ) ✗
RNA genome Supercooled Circular single - strand Not mentioned
=\
Notes
The vaccine that
•
Oncogenic viruses become integrated into the host cell’s DNA and induce tumors
Viroids are infectious pieces of RNA that cause some plant diseases.
PrPC normal cellular prion protein, on the cell surface which located
in chromosome 20 and in involved in preventing cell death .
( resent studies show)