●| HISTORY OF DRRM

DRRM stands for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management, which is a field that deals
with reducing the impact of natural and man-made disasters. The history of DRRM can
be traced back to the 1960s, when natural disasters such as floods, typhoons, and
earthquakes started to occur more frequently around the world.
The United Nations recognized the need to address the issue of disaster risk reduction in
the 1970s, when it established the United Nations Disaster Relief Organization (UNDRO).
The organization was tasked with coordinating international disaster relief efforts and
providing technical assistance to countries affected by disasters.

In the 1980s, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the International Decade
for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR), which aimed to reduce the impact of natural
disasters by promoting international cooperation and improving disaster preparedness.
The IDNDR also led to the establishment of the Global Disaster Information Network
(GDIN), which was a network of organizations and institutions that shared information
on disaster risk reduction.

In the 1990s, the focus of disaster risk reduction shifted towards a more proactive
approach, with a focus on disaster prevention and mitigation. The United Nations
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) was established in 1999 to
promote a culture of disaster prevention and reduce the risk of disasters.

In 2005, the Hyogo Framework for Action was adopted by the United Nations, which
aimed to reduce the impact of natural disasters through a more integrated approach to
disaster risk reduction. The framework emphasized the importance of building resilience
and reducing vulnerability to disasters, as well as the need for disaster risk reduction to
be integrated into development planning.

In 2015, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction was adopted by the United
Nations, which built upon the Hyogo Framework and emphasized the importance of
understanding disaster risk and addressing it in a holistic manner. The framework also
highlighted the importance of involving communities in disaster risk reduction efforts
and the need for better coordination between different sectors and stakeholders.

Overall, the history of DRRM reflects a growing recognition of the importance of disaster
risk reduction and the need for a more proactive and integrated approach to reducing
the impact of disasters.
●| IMPORTANCE OF DRRM
DRRM, or Disaster Risk Reduction and Management, is important for several reasons:

• Saves lives: DRRM can help save lives by reducing the impact of natural and man-made
disasters. By promoting preparedness, early warning, and effective response, DRRM can
help minimize the number of casualties and injuries during a disaster.
• Protects property and infrastructure: DRRM can help protect property and
infrastructure by reducing the damage caused by disasters. By implementing measures
such as building codes, hazard mapping, and disaster-resistant infrastructure, DRRM can
minimize the economic impact of disasters and help communities recover more quickly.
• Builds resilience: DRRM can help build resilience by strengthening the ability of
communities to cope with disasters. By involving communities in disaster risk reduction
efforts and promoting a culture of preparedness, DRRM can help build capacity and
empower individuals and communities to respond to disasters.
• Promotes sustainable development: DRRM can promote sustainable development by
integrating disaster risk reduction into development planning. By identifying and
addressing disaster risks early on, DRRM can help prevent future disasters and ensure
that development is sustainable and resilient.
• Saves money: DRRM can save money in the long run by reducing the economic impact
of disasters. By investing in disaster risk reduction measures, governments and
communities can minimize the cost of rebuilding and recovery after a disaster.
Overall, DRRM is important because it can help save lives, protect property and
infrastructure, build resilience, promote sustainable development, and save money. By
prioritizing disaster risk reduction and management, we can help create safer, more
resilient communities that are better equipped to cope with disasters.

●| CORRECT RESPONSES FOR FIRST AID

Correct responses for first aid can vary depending on the type of emergency, but some
general responses include:

• Assess the situation: Before taking any action, it's important to assess the situation
and ensure that it's safe to approach the victim.

• Call for help: If the victim is unconscious or in a life-threatening situation, call for
emergency medical services immediately.
• Check for breathing and pulse: Check if the victim is breathing and has a pulse. If not,
perform CPR or use an automated external defibrillator (AED) if one is available.

• Control bleeding: If the victim is bleeding, apply pressure to the wound with a clean
cloth or bandage.

• Immobilize injuries: If the victim has a suspected broken bone or spinal injury,
immobilize the area with a splint or brace.

• Treat burns: For minor burns, cool the affected area with running water for at least 20
minutes. For more severe burns, cover the affected area with a sterile bandage or cloth.

• Provide comfort: Provide comfort and reassurance to the victim while waiting for
medical help to arrive.

Remember that first aid is not a substitute for professional medical care. It's important
to seek medical attention for any serious injuries or medical emergencies.

●| History of Eskrima

Eskrima, also known as Arnis or Kali, is a martial art that originated in the Philippines.
The history of Eskrima can be traced back to the pre-colonial era, when indigenous
Filipinos used weapons such as sticks, knives, and spears for hunting and self-defense.

When the Spanish colonized the Philippines in the 16th century, they banned the use of
traditional weapons and martial arts. This led to the development of Eskrima as a form
of self-defense that could be practiced using everyday objects such as sticks and knives.

During the American occupation of the Philippines in the early 20th century, Eskrima
was further developed and adapted for military use. Eskrima practitioners were
recruited to teach Filipino soldiers the art of hand-to-hand combat, and Eskrima became
an important part of the Filipino military training.

In the 1960s and 70s, Eskrima began to gain popularity in the United States and other
countries, as Filipino martial arts instructors began to teach the art to non-Filipino
students. Today, Eskrima is practiced around the world as a form of self-defense, sport,
and cultural tradition.
Over the years, Eskrima has evolved and diversified, with different regions and
instructors developing their own styles and techniques. Despite this diversity, however,
Eskrima remains a core part of Filipino culture and heritage, and continues to be
practiced and celebrated by Filipinos around the world.

●| IMPORTANCE OF SELF DEFENSE, SELF INSURGENCY

Self-defense and self-insurgency are important for several reasons:

• Personal safety: The most obvious benefit of self-defense and self-insurgency is that it
can help protect individuals from physical harm. By learning how to defend themselves
and their property, individuals can reduce their risk of becoming a victim of violence or
crime.

• Empowerment: Learning self-defense and self-insurgency can also help individuals feel
more empowered and confident in their ability to protect themselves and others. This
can lead to improved self-esteem and a sense of control over one's life.

• Preparedness: By preparing for potential threats and dangers, individuals can be

• Community safety: Self-defense and self-insurgency can also contribute to the safety
of the wider community. By teaching individuals how to prevent and respond to
violence and crime, communities can become more resilient and better equipped to
handle threats.

• Political resistance: Self-insurgency can also be a tool for political resistance against
oppressive regimes. By organizing and mobilizing in defense of their rights and
freedoms, individuals and communities can challenge systems of oppression and fight
for social justice.

Overall, self-defense and self-insurgency are important because they can help protect
individuals from physical harm, empower them to take control of their lives, prepare
them for potential threats, contribute to community safety, and serve as a tool for
political resistance against oppression.