University of Guyana

Faculty of Engineering and Technology

Department of Civil Engineering

EMT 2100

Assignment #1

Topic: Fourier Series

Lecturer: Sir. Sean Sarran

Date of Submission: July 15th, 2023

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 Title Page
Assignment #1
Complete questions 1-6

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 Task sheet

Members Task

Joshua Singh USI# 1040875 Question 5

Akinni Barrington USI# 1041448 Question 1

John Bacchus USI# 1039306 Question 5

Kevin Mahabal USI# 1039473 Question 3

Curtis Garraway USI# 1041946 Question 3

Deandre Alphonso USI# 1040188 Question 6

Javin Stewart USI# 1041141 Question 2

Chidanand narine USI# 1041753 Question 2

Kevin Bacchus USI# 1039448 Question 4

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Contents
Title page …………………………………………………………………………………… 2
Task sheet …………………………………………………………………………………... 3
Fourier Series
Question 1 …………………………………………………………………………………...5
Question 2 …………………………………………………………………………………... 6
Question 3 …………………………………………………………………………………... 8
Question 4 …………………………………………………………………………………... 9
Question 5 …………………………………………………………………………………... 11
Question 6 …………………………………………………………………………………... 12
Reference …………………………………………………………………………………... 14

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 Question 1

1. If 𝑓 𝑥 is defined in the interval−𝜋 < 𝑥 < 𝑥 and 𝑓(𝑥 + 2𝑥)=𝑓 𝑥, state whether or not each of
the following functions can be represented by a Fourier series,
a) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 4
b) 𝑓 𝑥 = 3 − 2𝑥
c) c)𝑓 𝑥 = 1 𝑥
d) d)𝑓 𝑥 = ⅇ 2𝑥
e) e) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ⅇ𝑐 𝑥
f) f) 𝑓 𝑥 = ± 4𝑥.

Answer

a) yes
b) yes
c) No infinite discontinuity at 𝑥 = 0
d) Yes
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e) cosec 𝑥 = sin 𝑥 No infinite discontinuity at 𝑥 = 0

π and π are outside of the interval

f) 𝑓(𝑥) = ±√4𝑥 = 𝑦 = ±√4𝑥

𝑦 2 = 4𝑥
Our answer will be no because the function above is no single valuse

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 Question 2
Determine the Fourier series for the function defined by
F(x)=2x 0<X<2π
f(X+2π)=fx
f(x)= a0 + ∞Σ(ancosnx +bnsinx)-------------------1
a0 = 1/2π ∫ 02π f(x) dx

= 1/2π ∫ 02π (2x) dx

= 1/2π[x²] 02π
= 1/2π [(2π)²-0]
= 1/2π (4π²)
∴a0 = 2π
an= 1/π∫ 02π f(x) cosnx dx = 1/π ∫ 02π (2x) cosnsdx
u=2x du/dx=cosnx v=sinx/n
an = 1/π [2x/n sinx ∫ 02π sinx dx]

= 1/π [0- 2/n² cosnx ∫ 02π

= 1/π [0- 2/n² (cos2nπ-cos0)]
Where cos2nπ=1
∴an=1/π [-2/n² (1-1)]

bn= 1/π ∫ 02π fxsinxdx= 1/π ∫ 02π(2x) sinx dx

let u =2
du/dx=2 dv\dx=sinx
bn= 1/π [2x/-(cosnx) ∫ 02π+∫ 02π 2/n cosnxdx]
= 1/π{[-2(2π) / n (cos2nπ)]+0} where 2nπ=1
=1/π [-4π/n]
∴bn= -4/n
∴
f(x) = a0t+∞Σ[a-cosnx+bnsinx]

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2x=2π+n=1∞Σ [0+(-4/n)sinx]
2x=2π-4 n=1∞Σ 1/n sin nx
2x=2π-4[sinx+1/2sin2x -1/3 sin 3x +1/4 sin 4x]
∴x=π-2[sinx+1/2sin2x+1/3sin3x+1/4sin4x

Is the required Fourier series for the given function

F (x) = 2x in 0<X<2xπ

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 Question 3

(a) 𝑥 3 cos 2𝑥 = 𝑜𝑑𝑑

(b) 𝑥 2 sin 3𝑥 = 𝑜𝑑𝑑
(c) sin 2𝑥 sin 3𝑥 = 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
(d) 𝑥 2 𝑒 2𝑥 = 𝑛𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟
(e) (𝑥 + 𝑠) cos 2𝑥 = 𝑛𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟
(f) sin 2𝑥 cos 𝑥 = 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛

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 Question 4

A function f(x) is defined by f(x)= π-x 0<x<π

F(x+2π)=f(x)
Express the function as:
As half range cosine series
As half range sine series

Solution (a)
Step 1
𝑎0 =2/ 𝜋 ʃ 𝜋 0 . d𝑥
=2/ 𝜋 ʃ 𝜋 0 (𝜋 -x) d𝑥
= 2/ 𝜋 (𝜋 x-x2/2)
= 2/ 𝜋 [(𝜋 2 − 𝜋 2 /2 ]−( 𝑂 2 − 0 2/ 2)]
= 2/ 𝜋 [(𝜋 2 − 𝜋 2 /2 ]= 2 ( 𝜋 − 𝜋 /2) = 2( 𝜋/ 2) = 𝜋
𝑎𝑛 = 2/ 𝜋 ʃ 0 𝜋 𝑓𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑛𝑥 . ⅆ𝑥
= 2/ 𝜋 ʃ 0 𝜋 (𝜋 – 𝑥) 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑛𝑥 . ⅆ𝑥 = 2/𝜋 ʃ 0 𝜋 𝜋𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑛𝑥 . ⅆ𝑥 – 2/𝜋 ʃ 0 𝜋 𝑥𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑛
=2/𝜋 [(𝜋𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝑥/ 𝑛) – (𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝑥 /𝑛) – 1/𝑛 ʃ 0 𝜋 sin 𝑛𝑥. ⅆx]
=2/ [(𝜋 sin 𝑛𝑥/ 𝑛) – (𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝑥/ 𝑛) 0 𝜋 − 1/𝑛2 (cos 𝑛𝑥) 0 𝜋 = 2/𝜋 ( 𝜋 – 𝑥) 0 𝜋 sin 𝑛𝑥/𝑛 – 1/
𝑛2 (cos 𝑛 𝑥) 0 π]

= 2/𝜋 [0 – 1/𝑛 2 (cos 𝑛 𝑥) 0 𝜋] = 2 /𝑛 2𝜋 (cos 𝑛 𝑥) 𝜋 0

An = 2/n2n [cos nπ – cos 0) = 2/n2n [cos nx -1]
N.B So cos nπ = 1, when n is even n is equal to 1 and odd n is equal to = -1
N.B ∴ 𝑎𝑛 = 0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 ⅇ𝑣ⅇ𝑛 , 𝑎𝑛ⅆ 𝑎𝑛 = 4 /𝑛2𝜋 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 𝑜ⅆⅆ.
Hence f(x) =1/2 a0+ £0n=1 an cosnx
Ans: F(x)= ½π +4/π (cosx +1/9cos3x+1/25cos5x………)

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Solution 4(B)

As half range sine series

Step 1
𝑏𝑛 = 2/𝜋 ʃ 0 𝜋 (𝜋 − 𝑥 )𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥. ⅆ𝑥 = 2/𝜋 ʃ 0 𝜋 𝜋 sin 𝑛𝑥. ⅆ𝑥 − ʃ 0 𝜋 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝑥. ⅆx)

𝑏𝑛 = 2/𝜋 [(πcosnx/n)0 𝜋 - 𝑥cos 𝑛𝑥/n – 1/n ʃ 0 𝜋 cos 𝑛𝑥. ⅆx)

𝑏𝑛 = 2/𝜋 [(πcosnx/n)0 𝜋 - 𝑥cos 𝑛𝑥/n – 1/n ʃ 0 𝜋 cos 𝑛𝑥. ⅆx)

= 2 /𝜋 {(𝜋 – 𝜋) cos 𝑛𝜋/𝑛 – (𝜋 – 0) cos 0 /𝑛 – 1/𝑛 ʃ 0 𝜋 cos 𝑛𝑥 . ⅆx}

= 2 /𝜋 {(0 - 𝜋 /𝑛 – 1/𝜋 ʃ 0 𝜋 cos 𝑛𝑥 . ⅆx} =2 /𝜋 {(𝜋 /𝑛 – 1/n2 (0-0)

= 2 /𝜋 (𝜋 /𝑛)=2/n

Hence f(x)= £0n=1 bnsinnx

ANS: F(x)= -2{sinx-1/2sin2x +1/3sin3x……}

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 Question 5

(a) F(x) # F (x + t) / F(x) ‡ -F (x + t) The Fourier series consists of cosine terms only hence
F(x) is an even function
(b) F(x) = -F (x + t), the Fourier series contains odd harmonics only. F(x) is odd since the
series contains sine terms only.
(c) F(x) = F(x + r), the Fourier series contains even harmonics only. F(x) is neither odd nor
even since the series contains
sine and cosine terms.
(d) F(x) = -F (x + ), the Fourier series contains odd harmonics only. F(x) is neither odd nor
even since the series contains
sine and cosine terms.

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 Question 6

Period of 𝒇(𝒕)(𝑻) = 𝟒
Calculate the DC coefficient:
𝟐 𝑻/𝟐
a0 = 𝑻 ∫−𝑻/𝟐 𝒇(𝒕)𝒅𝒕
𝟏 𝟐
=𝟐 ∫−𝟐 𝒇(𝒕)𝒅𝒕
𝟏 𝟎 𝟐
= 𝟐 [∫−𝟐 𝒇(𝒕)𝒅𝒕 + ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒕)𝒅𝒕]
𝟏 𝟎 𝟐
=𝟐 [∫−𝟐 𝟎 𝒅𝒕 + ∫𝟎 𝒕 𝒅𝒕]

=1
Calculate the coefficients of cosine terms
𝟐 𝑻/𝟐 𝟐𝝅𝒏𝒕
an = 𝑻 ∫−𝑻/𝟐 𝒇(𝒕) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( ) 𝒅𝒕
𝑻

𝟏 𝟐 𝝅𝒏𝒕
= 𝟐 ∫−𝟐 𝒇(𝒕) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( ) 𝒅𝒕
𝑻

𝟏 𝟎 𝝅𝒏𝒕 𝟐 𝝅𝒏𝒕
= 𝟐 [∫−𝟐 𝒇(𝒕) 𝐜𝐨𝐬( ) 𝒅𝒕 + ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒕)𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( ) 𝒅𝒕]
𝟐 𝟐

𝟏 𝟎 𝝅𝒏𝒕 𝟐 𝝅𝒏𝒕
= 𝟐 [∫−𝟐 𝟎 . 𝐜𝐨𝐬( ) 𝒅𝒕 + ∫𝟎 𝒕 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( ) 𝒅𝒕]
𝟐 𝟐

𝟒((−𝟏)𝒏 −𝟏)
= 𝝅𝟐 𝒏𝟐

So
𝟎
an = { −𝟖
𝝅𝟐 𝒏𝟐

n is odd
n is even

Calculate the coefficients of the sine terms

2 𝑇/2 2𝜋𝑛𝑡
bn = 𝑇 ∫−𝑇/2 𝑓(𝑡) sin ( ) 𝑑𝑡
𝑇

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 1 2 𝜋𝑛𝑡
= 2 ∫−2 𝑓(𝑡) sin ( ) 𝑑𝑡
𝑇

1 0 𝜋𝑛𝑡 2 𝜋𝑛𝑡
= 2 [∫−2 𝑓(𝑡) sin( ) 𝑑𝑡 + ∫0 𝑓(𝑡)sin ( ) 𝑑𝑡]
2 2

1 0 𝜋𝑛𝑡 2 𝜋𝑛𝑡
= 2 [∫−2 0 . sin( ) 𝑑𝑡 + ∫0 𝑡 sin ( ) 𝑑𝑡]
2 2

4(−1)𝑛+1
= 𝜋𝑛

So
−4

bn = {𝜋𝑛
4
𝜋𝑛

n is odd
n is even
So, the Fourier series of 𝑓(𝑡) is:
∞
1 4((−1)𝑛 −1) 2𝜋𝑛𝑡 4(−1)𝑛+1 2𝜋𝑛𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = 2 + ∑ ( cos + sin( ))
𝑛=1 𝜋2 𝑛 2 𝑇 𝜋𝑛 𝑇

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 Reference

• Stroud, K. A. and Booth, D.J. (2001). Engineering Mathematics. 5th ed. New York:
Industrial Press, Inc..

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