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Normal Distribution

The document discusses properties of the normal distribution including its bell shape, mean equals median equals mode, and areas under the curve. It provides examples of calculating probabilities and percentages for various z-scores and applications involving normal distributions.

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koreaneminem2
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201 views

Normal Distribution

The document discusses properties of the normal distribution including its bell shape, mean equals median equals mode, and areas under the curve. It provides examples of calculating probabilities and percentages for various z-scores and applications involving normal distributions.

Uploaded by

koreaneminem2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 5 Lesson 1:

Normal

Distribution
Objectives
• Identify the properties of a normal
distribution.
• Determine normal and non- normal
distributions.
• Find the areas under the normal curve.
• Transform a random variable to a normal
random variable.
• Apply the properties of the normal
distribution to real-world problems.
Introduction
Most of the data sets out there have a
central value. They are either narrowly or
widely spread out. Drawing a bell-shaped
curve on a histogram determines if the
data follows a normal distribution or the
Gaussian distribution, named after its
founder, Karl Friedrich Gauss.
Analysis (Communication)

A normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution.


This means that it generally uses either interval or ratio data. The
histogram is a great approximation of a normal distribution.
Drawing a bell-shaped curve on the histogram determines if the
data follows a normal distribution. A bell-shaped curve symbolizes
that there is one central peak. The rest of the data are on either
side of the center tapering off on the extremes.
Normal Distribution
A NORMAL DISTRIBUTION HAS THE FOLLOWING
PROPERTIES:
• IT IS A BELL-SHAPED CURVE
• THE TOTAL AREA UNDER A NORMAL CURVE IS 1.
• THE CURVE IS SYMMETRICAL TO THE CENTER
• THE MEAN, MEDIAN, AND MODE HAVE THE SAME
VALUE.
• THE TAILS OF THE NORMAL CURVE ARE ASYMPTOTIC
TO THE HORIZONTAL AXIS.
• IT IS DETERMINED BY THE POPULATION MEAN AND
POPULATION STANDARD DEVIATION. THE MEAN
CONTROLS THE CENTER AND THE STANDARD
DEVIATION CONTROLS THE SPREAD OF THE
DISTRIBUTION.
Normal Distribution

FIGURES 5.1.A AND 5.1.B SHOW


NON-NORMAL DISTRIBUTIONS.

FIGURE 5.1.A HAS TWO PEAKS.


THERE IS ALSO A GAP IN THE DATA.

THE PEAK OF FIGURE 5.1.B IS NOT


CENTERED WHICH VIOLATES THE
CONCEPT OF A BELL.

FIGURE 5.1.C & FIGURE 5.1.D SHOWS


A NORMAL DISTRIBUTION.
Figure 5.1.d
Standard Normal Distribution
The standard normal distribution has the same properties
as that of the normal distribution except that the mean is
0 and the standard deviation is 1.

The following figure shows the standard normal


distribution.
Standard Normal Distribution
It was stated that the normal distribution is symmetric about the mean. This signifies
that the areas of a z-value are the same, whether it is positive or negative. Hence,
area of -z is equal to the area of +z.

The concept of probability is used for normal distribution. Probabilities are from 0 to
1. This means that the values of areas cannot be negative. Moreover, they also cannot
have values greater than 1.

The notation will be used and their meanings are as follows:


P(a < z <b) is read as "the probability or area of z between a and b."
P(z < a) is read as "the probability or area of z less than a or to the left of a."
P(z> a) is read as "the probability or area of z greater than a or to the right
of z."
Note that the symbols ≤ and ≥ have the same meanings as < and >. To find the areas,
the Table of Areas under the Normal Curve will be used. The table is also known as
the z-table.
TABLE OF AREAS UNDER THE NORMAL CURVE

USING THE Z-TABLE, THE AREA OF


Z = -0.46 IS 0.1772 AND THE AREA
OF Z = 0.52 IS 0.1985.
TABLE OF AREAS UNDER THE NORMAL CURVE
TABLE OF AREAS UNDER THE NORMAL CURVE
Note that the area under the normal curve is 1. Hence, if only the area
above or below the mean is shaded, then the area is 0.5. The figure
below illustrates this concept.

To find the areas under the normal curve, three things must be done:
I. Draw the normal curve.
II. Shade the appropriate region.
III. Calculate the area by using the Table of Areas under the Normal
Curve.
EXAMPLES

• P(-0.72 <Z< 0)

• P(0 <Z <1.83)


EXAMPLES
• P(-2.58 <Z<2.58)

1. -2.58 = 0.4951
0.4951 + 0.4951 = 0.9902

• P(Z < 1.44)

2. 1.44 = 0.4251
0.4251 + 0.5 = 0.9251
EXAMPLES
• P(Z > 1.95)
3. 1.95 = 0.4744
0.4744 - 0.5 = 0.0256
EXAMPLES
Find zo such that P(z > zo) = 0.0125.
Since the area given is less than 0.5, the shaded area is on the extreme left or extreme
right. However, looking at the direction, it can be seen that the shaded area is at the
extreme right.

Find the values of +z0 , such that the area is 0.8452.


Since the area given is more than 0.5 and there are two values of z, to be obtained, 0.8452
has to be divided into 2.
EXAMPLES
Find the value of z, if the highest 77% of the data is to be considered.
The shaded area of the highest 77% of the data is shown. Since the z-value is below the
mean, it is negative.

There are various applications of the normal distribution to real-life problems. As such, these
problems are to be transformed to the standard normal distribution which makes use of the formula:

where: z = standard normal score


X = random variable
μ=population mean Note that the calculated value of z is
σ = population standard deviation to be rounded to the hundredths
place.
EXAMPLES
Thirteen students who took the final exam last term have a mean grade of 34.08
and standard deviation of 7.62.
a. What is the probability that Edna will get more than 40 in the final exam?

b. What is the probability that Edna will get a score between 30 and 40?
EXAMPLES
The average age of a Filipino man to undergo sacrament of matrimony is 29 with
a standard deviation of 2.5 years. Richard, aged 26, is contemplating if he should
marry already. What is the probability that he will marry before he reaches 30?
APPLICATION
Find the areas of each of the following z-scores:

1. 0.99
2. -0.52
3. 0.66
4. 1.87
5. -2.58
6. 3.16
7. -0.12
8. -1.25
9. 2.09
10. 0.50
APPLICATION
Calculate the probabilities of the following:
1. P(0 < Z < 1.44)
2. P(-2.81 < Z < 0)
3. P(Z<-0.73)
4. P( Z > 2.92)
5. P(-3.10 < Z < 1.90)
6. P(1.13< Z < 1.39)
7. P(0 < Z < Zo)= 0.1700
8. P(- Zo < Z < 0)=0.3708
9. P(Z > Zo)=0.7389
10. P(Z < Zo)=0.250
APPLICATION

• The time for a major exam to be completed is normally


distributed with an average of 55 minutes and a standard
deviation of 9 minutes. If 92% of the students completed the
exam, when should the test be terminated?

• The average travel time from your residence to your school is


35 minutes with a standard deviation of 10 minutes. If you
want to be 99% certain that you will not be late for your first
8:00 am class, what is the latest time you should leave home?
Assume that travel time is normally distributed.
SUMMARY

A normal distribution is a bell-shaped curve that can


be described by two parameters, and σ. The total area
under the curve is 1. It is also symmetric about the
mean. The Table of Areas under the Normal Curve has
values from 0 to 0.5 only. This means that
transformation to the z-scores may be made.
HOME ACTIVITY
Solve the following and show your complete solution.
1. Assume that the time a student stays in school is normally distributed with a mean of 5
hours and a standard deviation of 0.5 hours. Every day, lan stays in school for 5.5 hours.
What proportion of students stays less than 5.5 hours?
2. For a normally distributed random variable, the standard deviation is 3.7. What is the mean if
10% of the distribution is less than 31?
3. Scores of an achievement test show that it follows a normal distribution. Its mean is 78 with
a standard deviation of 8. Find the interval wherein the middle 80% of the scores lie.
4. Assume that family incomes are normally distributed with mean P30,000 and standard
deviation of P10,000. If the poverty level is P10,000, find the percentage of the population
that lies in poverty.
5. In 2018, the braking distance of Toyota Camry cars on a wet surface follows a normal
distribution. Its mean is 122 feet with a standard deviation of 20 feet. What is the probability
that a randomly selected Toyota Camry will have a braking distance of more than 130 feet?

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