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Past Year Quiz

Solve the following to find X in hexadecimal:

1C 24
A. X = B. X =
(E – C) (F – C)

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Introduction
to
Microprocessor
Historical Background
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The First Computer

• The Babbage
Difference
Engine (1832)

• 25000 parts

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ENIAC - The first electronic computer

(1946)
• Vacuum
tubes &
mechanical
relays
• 30 tons
• 150 KWatts
• 80 bytes of
memory

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Vacuum Tubes & Mechanical Relays

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The Transistor Revolution

The
First transistor
Bell Labs, 1948

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The First Integrated Circuits

Bipolar logic
1960’s

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Die and Wafer

Single Die

Wafer

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Intel ‘Family’ of Microprocessors

 4004 - 1971  Pentium - 1993
 8008 - 1972
 8080 - 1974  P Pro - 1995
 8086/88 - 1978  P II - 1998
 80286 - 1982  P III - 1999
 80386 - 1985
 80486 - 1989  P IV - 2000
 PM - 2003
 P 4 HT - 2004.
 PD - 2005
 Intel® Pentium® processor Extreme - 2006
 Intel® Core™ Duo Processors - 2006

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Intel 4004 Micro-Processor

• 1971
• 2300 transistors
• 750 KHz operation
• 4-bit bus
• 640 bytes memory

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Intel 4004 – 4Bit (1971)

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Intel 8008 – 8Bit (1972)

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Intel 8080 – 16Bit (1978)

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Intel 8086 Micro-Processor

• 1978
• 29000 transistors
• 10 MHz operation
• 16-bit bus
• 1M bytes memory

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Intel PC XT – 16Bit (20Bit) (1983)

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More than 40
years since the
development of
the 8086
Microprocessor

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The 8086
Microprocessor’s
Pinout

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Microcomputer (MPU)
and
Microprocessor (μP)
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Microcomputer
Block Diagram

20 Lines for the 8086

16 Lines for the 8086

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Computer
Block
Diagram

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A Latch with
A Tri-State Buffer
a Tri-State output
IN OUT

IN OUT
D Q

C
= GATE=1

CLK GATE
GATE

GATE=0
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Let us construct IN OUT

a tristate 4-bit D
C
Q

register D Q
C
1. How can we save a nibble (4-bit)
number into such a register?
D Q
C
2. How can we read the saved data
from this register?
D Q
Example: Save the number (1010) C
then read (retrieve) it.

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CLK GATE 23
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(Q) How to transfer data from A-IN to A-OUT then from A-OUT to B-OUT ?

A-IN A-OUT B-IN B-OUT

D Q D Q
C C

D Q D Q
C C

D Q D Q
C C

D Q D Q
C C

CLKA
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1.
HOMEWORK #2
In reference to the block diagram on the preceding
slide and to answer the question,
"How to transfer data from A-IN to A-OUT then from
A-OUT to B-OUT?":
a) Complete the connections,
b) Draw the timing diagram &
c) Explain how it works.
Hint: the timing diagram consists of four lines of signals
CLK, GATE, IN & OUT.
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The 16-bit
INTEL 8086
Microprocessor

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What Is The Main Job Of The Microprocessor?

The Main Job Of The Microprocessor Is To Execute A

Specified Program.

What Is Meant By A Program?

The Program Is A Sequence Of Instructions.

Instruction? How It Look Likes?

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The Instruction My Look Likes

This is an Assembly Language Format
Destination
➢ Example: Operand Instruction

0010:0020 AND AL,25h

Source Operand
Location
Or Mnemonic Operands
Logical or
Address Function
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THE END
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