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Opamp

This document provides an overview of operational amplifiers or op-amps, including their basic properties, characteristics, schematic diagrams and formulas for common op-amp circuits, and applications. It defines an op-amp, describes ideal and real op-amp behavior, and discusses inverting, non-inverting, summing, difference, integrator, and differentiator circuits.

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Harsh Singh
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70 views2 pages

Opamp

This document provides an overview of operational amplifiers or op-amps, including their basic properties, characteristics, schematic diagrams and formulas for common op-amp circuits, and applications. It defines an op-amp, describes ideal and real op-amp behavior, and discusses inverting, non-inverting, summing, difference, integrator, and differentiator circuits.

Uploaded by

Harsh Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/377530555

Basics of Op-Amp (Operational Amplifier)

Poster · January 2024


DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.20049.10082

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Shreesham Pandey
Kirori Mal College
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Analog Electronics Author: Pandey, SHREESHAM

BASICS OF OP-AMP (OPERATIONAL its input current. It is usually used for signal compression
AMPLIFIER) applications.
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAE –
An operational amplifier (op-amp) is a type of electronic
direct-coupled amplifier (also, an analog-linear integrated Amplifier Schematic Diagram Formula
circuit or IC) that amplifies the difference between two
input voltages. It is a high-gain voltage amplifier with a
differential input, level shifter and a single-ended output.
Initially, these amplifiers were used in mathematical oper-
ations, thus the term ’operational’ is used. The µA741 (in
an 8-pin dual-in-line plastic package) is a popular general-
purpose operational amplifier featuring offset-voltage null
capability that has been widely used for over four decades.
Inverting

PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS —


Op-amps have
• High gain: very high voltage gain, typically in the range
of 105 to 108 .
• High input impedance: very high input impedance, typ- Non-inverting
ically in the range of 106 to 1012 ohms.
• Low output impedance: very low output impedance,
typically in the range of 10 to 100 ohms.
• Differential input: two input terminals, one inverting
and one non-inverting, that amplify the difference be- Summing
tween the two input voltages.
• Single-ended output: single output terminal that pro-
duces an amplified version of the input voltage differ-
ence.
• Linear operation: operate linearly over a wide range of
input voltages. Difference
• High bandwidth: high bandwidth, typically in the
range of 1 MHz to 100 MHz.
IDEAL OP-AMP ————
The ideal op-amp is a theoretical model that exhibits
seven key characteristics: infinite open-loop voltage gain,
infinite input impedance, zero output impedance, zero noise
contribution, zero DC output offset, infinite bandwidth,
and differential inputs that remain at the same potential.
Understanding these properties is essential for the design
and analysis of a wide range of practical circuits..
OP-AMP CIRCUIT TYPES ————
INVERTING amplifiers are commonly used for voltage Integrator
amplification and signal inversion. They amplify the input
signal and invert its phase.
NON-INVERTING amplifiers are used for voltage
amplification and maintaining the phase of the input signal.
They amplify the input signal and maintain its phase.
SUMMING amplifiers are used to add multiple input
signals and amplify the result. They add the input signals
and amplify the result.
DIFFERENCE amplifiers are used to amplify the differ-
ence between two input signals. They amplify the difference
between the input signals.
Integrators and differentiators are used for time-domain Differentiator
signal processing, such as low-pass filtering and differen- OP-AMP APPLICATIONS ————
tiation. INTEGRATORS convert a voltage input to
a current output over time. DIFFERENTIATORS Op-amps are used in a wide range of applications, includ-
convert a current input to a voltage output over time. ing amplifiers, filters, signal conditioning, mathematical
An instrumentation amplifier is a differential voltage-gain operations, and oscillators.
amplifier that has a primary function of amplifying small CONCLUSION ————
signals. It is composed of three internal op-amps and a few
internal components. An op-amp can also be configured The ideal op-amp model is used as a reference for analyz-
to be a constant-current source or a current-to-voltage ing and designing op-amp circuits, but real op-amps have
converter. A log amplifier is an op-amp configuration in limitations and imperfections that must be taken into ac-
which its output voltage is proportional to the logarithm of count in practical circuit design.

Ref.: 1) Kuphaldt. Lsns In Elctc Ckt. 2) Carter. Op-Amp Hndbk. Txs Instrmnts. 3) Bumm. Op Amps. Elctncs Lb.
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