Unified Theory of Electrical Machines

Tutorial NO. (1)

Matrix Algebra
(1) For the circuit in figure1 below, using matrix algebra to determine:
(a) the branch currents in the network.
(b) Total power dissipation from the appropriate matrix product.
(c) Total power dissipation by summing the losses in the resisters.
3 ohm

6V
4 ohm

2V 2 ohm
2 ohm

3 ohm

1 ohm

Figure (1)

(2) Using matrix algebra determine the branch currents in the network
shown in figure2. By summing the losses in the resisters verify that
the matrix power gives the total power dissipation in the network.
6 ohm

10 V
2 ohm 1 ohm 1 ohm
4 ohm

10 V
2V 4V 10 V

Figure (2)
(3) Using compound matrices determine the branch currents in the
network shown in figure 3 below:
1ohm

4 ohm 4ohm

1ohm 2ohm

6V 2V
1ohm 4V

5V
4V

3 ohm 2 ohm

2V
3ohm 2V

Figure (3)
 Unified Theory of Electrical Machines
Tutorial NO. (2)
Voltages and Torque Equations
(1) Derive from the first principles the voltage and torque equations of two
coils with relative angular movement as shown in figure below.

(2) Explain how unified machine theory is developed to give a torque

expression for this case:
Two winding machine whose resistances may be neglected have
inductances of L1=87 mH, L2=33mH, M=50cos𝜃 mH. Determine the
torque if the coils are positioned with their axes at right angles (𝜃=900)
and connected in series to a 200V, 50 cycle/sec supply as shown below.
i

i1
L1
i2
200V
L2

(3) Two coils with self-inductances L1=1.5 H, L2=0.03+0.005cos2𝜃 H

carry direct currents of I1 =7Aand I2= 40A respectively. If the mutual
inductance between them is M=0.2 cos𝜃 H
a. Sketch a torque as a function of rotor position 𝜃
b. Calculate the maximum torque.
c. Show that the contribution from the variable self-inductance is 1/15
of the total.
(4) For the system shown in figure below find the voltages and torque
equations.

(5) Develop the voltage and torque equations for the system shown below
which consist the damper winding coil.
 Unified Theory of Electrical Machines
Tutorial NO. (3)
Active Transformation
(1) Explain the purpose of the active transformation?
(2) For the figure below find the branches voltage and currents which
represented the actual circuit.

(3) Determine the branch currents in the circuit shown in Figure1 if the
value of a cyclic voltages are V1=+2v, V2=+12v. Hence determine the
individual values of Va ,Vb ,Vc which will allow the points X and Y to
be short-circuited without changing the currents. Derive the voltage,
current and impedance transformation between the given circuit and its
simple component circuits just determined.
Va

4 ohm
Vb

6 ohm Vc

X Y
2 ohm
(4) For the network shown in Figure below, develop an alternative system
of voltage sources which will enable each branch to be short-circuited
upon itself. Derive a transformation matrix C such that the equation
I=CI' gives the relationship between the branch currents I and the cyclic
currents I' and deduce the corresponding law of transformation for the
voltages and impedance.
d

3 ohm 2V 1 ohm
I1 I2
8V 2 ohm c
b e

4 ohm I3 3 ohm
f

2 ohm 2V
(5) For the circuit in figure below, using matrix algebra and active
transformation laws.

2 ohm 4 ohm 3 ohm

E1=10 E2=6v
1 ohm 5 ohm

a. Find the connection matrix that connects between the branch currents
I(old system) and mesh currents I’ (New system). If p’=p, find the
relationship between the V (old system) and V’ (New system). , and the
relationship between R(old system) and R’ (New system).
b. Find R matrix.
c. Find R’ matrix.
d. Find V’ matrix.
e. Find I’ matrix.
f. Find V matrix such that each branch can be shorted upon itself forming
a primitive circuit.
g. Find the total power dissipated in the network.
 Unified Theory of Electrical Machines
Tutorial NO. (4)
Passive Transformations
(1) Define the phase transformation[C1] and mention its application in
the electrical machines.
(2) Define the commutator transformation[C2] and mention its
application in the electrical machines.
(3) Define the symmetrical component transformation[C3] and
mention its application in the electrical machines.
(4) Drive from the first principles these passive transformation C1 –
C2 and C3?
(5) Use the passive transformations to find these transformation:
C12 – C13 – C23 – C123.
(6) For the three phase system with impedance matrix as shown below:

(R  L  ) M M 
Z   M  (R  L  ) M  
 M  M (R  L  ) 

a) Use the phase transformation C1 to transform the impedance of a

balanced three phase winding Z to a balanced two phase winding
b) Find the two phase voltage and current if the three phase winding
is supplied from a three phase voltage and feeding a balanced
three phase load.
(7) The stator of a 400 volt, 30 A, delta connected induction motor is to
be rewound for 2-phase operation in accordance with C1 (phase
transformation). Estimate the new values of voltage and current and
the change in number and area of the turns per phase.
(8) Each phase of a balanced three phase reactor has an impedance of
(1+j10) ohm at normal operation frequency, the mutual reactance
between phases being (-j2.5) ohm. Estimate the current and power
factor using C1 when a 200 volt single phase is supplied across two
Hint: the impedance matrix for the three phase is:

(R  jX ) jX m jX m 

Z   jX m (R  jX ) jX m 

 jX m jX m (R  jX ) 