What is the main focus of psychoanalytic theory?

a) Behavior
b) Thoughts
c) Unconscious mind
d) Social environment

Answer: c) Unconscious mind

2. Who is the founder of psychoanalytic theory?

a) B.F. Skinner
b) Sigmund Freud
c) Carl Rogers
d) Ivan Pavlov

Answer: b) Sigmund Freud

3. According to Freud, which part of the mind operates on the pleasure principle?
a) Ego
b) Superego
c) Id
d) Conscience

Answer: c) Id

4. What is the role of the superego in psychoanalytic theory?

a) Reality principle
b) Moral conscience
c) Pleasure principle
d) Unconscious desires

Answer: b) Moral conscience

5. Which psychoanalytic concept involves redirecting unacceptable impulses into socially

acceptable behaviors?
a) Repression
b) Sublimation
c) Projection
d) Regression

Answer: b) Sublimation

6. According to Freud, during which psychosexual stage does a child experience the Oedipus
complex?
a) Oral stage
b) Anal stage
c) Phallic stage
d) Genital stage

Answer: c) Phallic stage

7. What is the primary defense mechanism involving attributing one's undesirable traits or
actions to others?
a) Projection
b) Repression
c) Rationalization
d) Displacement

Answer: a) Projection

8. According to Freud, what is the purpose of dreams in psychoanalytic theory?

a) Wish fulfillment
b) Memory consolidation
c) Problem-solving
d) Random brain activity

Answer: a) Wish fulfillment

9. Which component of personality, according to Freud, mediates between the demands of

reality and the impulses of the id?
a) Ego
b) Superego
c) Libido
d) Persona

Answer: a) Ego

10. What is the term for the unconscious blocking of unpleasant memories?
a) Regression
b) Denial
c) Repression
d) Reaction formation

Answer: c) Repression

CBT

What is the main goal of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?

a) Exploration of unconscious mind
b) Behavior modification
c) Insight into childhood experiences
d) Enhancing self-awareness

Answer: b) Behavior modification

2. Who are the founding figures of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?

a) Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung
b) Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck
c) B.F. Skinner and John Watson
d) Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers

Answer: b) Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck

3. In CBT, what does the term "cognitive restructuring" refer to?

a) Changing maladaptive thoughts
b) Modifying external behaviors
c) Examining unconscious desires
d) Analyzing childhood experiences

Answer: a) Changing maladaptive thoughts

4. According to CBT, what role do irrational beliefs play in influencing emotions and
behaviors?
a) Minimal impact
b) Positive impact
c) Negative impact
d) Unrelated impact

Answer: c) Negative impact

5. What is a central concept in CBT that refers to the connection between thoughts, feelings,
and behaviors?
a) Unconscious mind
b) Behavioral conditioning
c) Cognitive triad
d) Archetypes

Answer: c) Cognitive triad

6. Which cognitive distortion involves viewing situations in only two categories, without
recognizing the middle ground?
a) Catastrophizing
b) All-or-nothing thinking
c) Overgeneralization
d) Personalization

Answer: b) All-or-nothing thinking

7. In CBT, what is the term for assigning meaning to neutral events or assuming the worst-
case scenario?
a) Overgeneralization
b) Catastrophizing
c) Mind reading
d) Emotional reasoning

Answer: b) Catastrophizing

8. What is the primary focus of the behavioral component of CBT?

a) Identifying and challenging negative thoughts
b) Exploring childhood experiences
c) Modifying maladaptive behaviors
d) Promoting insight and self-awareness

Answer: c) Modifying maladaptive behaviors

9. Which therapeutic technique in CBT involves gradually exposing individuals to feared

stimuli or situations?
a) Mindfulness meditation
b) Cognitive restructuring
c) Systematic desensitization
d) Thought records

Answer: c) Systematic desensitization

10. In CBT, what does the term "homework assignments" typically refer to?
a) Assignments given in school or work
b) Exercises or tasks for clients between sessions
c) Reflective journaling
d) Assessments of childhood experiences

Answer: b) Exercises or tasks for clients between sessions

Who is considered the founder of psychoanalytic therapy?

a) B.F. Skinner
b) Carl Rogers
c) Sigmund Freud
d) Albert Ellis
Answer: c) Sigmund Freud

2. According to psychoanalytic theory, what is the main focus of therapy?

a) Changing behaviors
b) Modifying thought patterns
c) Exploring unconscious conflicts
d) Enhancing self-esteem

Answer: c) Exploring unconscious conflicts

3. What is the term for the psychoanalytic technique involving the spontaneous expression of
thoughts and feelings without censorship?
a) Free association
b) Dream analysis
c) Transference
d) Resistance

Answer: a) Free association

4. According to Freud, which part of the mind operates on the reality principle?
a) Ego
b) Id
c) Superego
d) Libido

Answer: a) Ego

5. What is the purpose of dream analysis in psychoanalytic therapy?

a) Uncover unconscious conflicts and desires
b) Provide relaxation techniques
c) Modify irrational beliefs
d) Strengthen the superego

Answer: a) Uncover unconscious conflicts and desires

6. In psychoanalytic therapy, what is the term for the redirection of emotions from one person
to another, often the therapist?
a) Displacement
b) Projection
c) Sublimation
d) Transference

Answer: d) Transference
7. According to Freud, which component of personality operates on the morality principle
and represents internalized societal values?
a) Ego
b) Id
c) Superego
d) Libido

Answer: c) Superego

8. What is the primary goal of psychoanalytic therapy in terms of the unconscious mind?
a) Eliminate unconscious thoughts
b) Make unconscious thoughts conscious
c) Suppress unconscious desires
d) Strengthen unconscious defense mechanisms

Answer: b) Make unconscious thoughts conscious

9. Which psychoanalytic concept involves forgetting or blocking out unpleasant memories?

a) Repression
b) Regression
c) Rationalization
d) Projection

Answer: a) Repression

10. What is the term for the process of redirecting anxiety-producing thoughts or feelings
from their original source to a substitute target?
a) Regression
b) Displacement
c) Sublimation
d) Denial

**Answer: b) Displacement

Defence mech

What is the primary purpose of defense mechanisms?

a. Enhancing self-esteem
b. Protecting the individual from anxiety and emotional distress
c. Improving interpersonal relationships
d. Promoting cognitive development

Answer: b. Protecting the individual from anxiety and emotional distress

Which defense mechanism involves attributing one's undesirable feelings to others?
a. Projection
b. Sublimation
c. Regression
d. Rationalization

Answer: a. Projection

In which defense mechanism does a person revert to childlike behavior?

a. Regression
b. Repression
c. Denial
d. Displacement

Answer: a. Regression

What defense mechanism occurs when a person refuses to acknowledge reality or facts?
a. Repression
b. Denial
c. Rationalization
d. Reaction formation

Answer: b. Denial

Which defense mechanism involves expressing the opposite of one's true feelings?
a. Sublimation
b. Reaction formation
c. Repression
d. Displacement

Answer: b. Reaction formation

When anxiety is transformed into a physical symptom with no apparent cause, it is an

example of:
a. Repression
b. Somatization
c. Displacement
d. Sublimation

Answer: b. Somatization

Which defense mechanism involves channeling unacceptable impulses into socially

acceptable activities?
a. Sublimation
b. Rationalization
c. Regression
d. Projection

Answer: a. Sublimation

What defense mechanism occurs when one justifies their actions by providing logical,
rational reasons?
a. Displacement
b. Rationalization
c. Reaction formation
d. Sublimation

Answer: b. Rationalization

Which defense mechanism involves shifting feelings from one target to another that is less
threatening?
a. Displacement
b. Repression
c. Regression
d. Projection

Answer: a. Displacement

In which defense mechanism does a person return to an earlier stage of development?

a. Regression
b. Rationalization
c. Denial
d. Reaction formation

Answer: a. Regression

What defense mechanism involves the separation of emotion from a particular thought or
memory?
a. Repression
b. Intellectualization
c. Displacement
d. Denial

Answer: b. Intellectualization

When someone deals with emotional conflicts by focusing on facts and logic, it is an example
of:
a. Rationalization
b. Intellectualization
c. Sublimation
d. Regression

Answer: b. Intellectualization

Which defense mechanism involves returning to a previous, less stressful stage of life?
a. Regression
b. Denial
c. Projection
d. Rationalization

Answer: a. Regression

In which defense mechanism does a person block painful memories from consciousness?
a. Suppression
b. Repression
c. Reaction formation
d. Rationalization

Answer: b. Repression

What defense mechanism involves making excuses for one's behavior to avoid guilt or
anxiety?
a. Rationalization
b. Projection
c. Reaction formation
d. Denial

Answer: a. Rationalization

When a person attributes their own unacceptable thoughts to someone else, it is an example
of:
a. Projection
b. Sublimation
c. Displacement
d. Regression

Answer: a. Projection

Which defense mechanism involves taking on characteristics of someone else to avoid feeling
incompetent?
a. Identification
b. Repression
c. Reaction formation
d. Rationalization

Answer: a. Identification

When a person deals with emotional conflicts by engaging in activities that divert their
attention, it is:
a. Suppression
b. Displacement
c. Sublimation
d. Regression

Answer: c. Sublimation

What defense mechanism occurs when a person adopts attitudes and behaviors opposite to
their true feelings?
a. Denial
b. Reaction formation
c. Projection
d. Intellectualization

Answer: b. Reaction formation

When a person faces unacceptable thoughts or feelings by refusing to acknowledge their

existence, it is:
a. Suppression
b. Repression
c. Denial
d. Sublimation

Answer: c. Denial

Humanistic

Which prominent psychologist is associated with Humanistic-Existential Therapy?

a. Sigmund Freud
b. Carl Rogers
c. B.F. Skinner
d. Albert Ellis

Answer: b. Carl Rogers

What is a key concept in Humanistic-Existential Therapy that emphasizes individuals'
inherent drive toward self-actualization?
a. Unconscious mind
b. Hierarchy of needs
c. Self-actualization
d. Classical conditioning

Answer: c. Self-actualization

In Humanistic-Existential Therapy, what is the term for the therapist's genuine, open, and
nonjudgmental response to the client?
a. Reflection
b. Empathy
c. Unconditional positive regard
d. Confrontation

Answer: c. Unconditional positive regard

Which existential concept refers to an individual's awareness of their own existence and the
choices they make?
a. Authenticity
b. Existential angst
c. Freedom
d. Responsibility

Answer: a. Authenticity

Humanistic-Existential Therapy emphasizes the importance of:

a. External control
b. Determinism
c. Personal responsibility
d. Unconscious desires

Answer: c. Personal responsibility

According to Carl Rogers, what is essential for personal growth and therapeutic progress?
a. Cognitive restructuring
b. Self-discipline
c. Empathic understanding
d. Psychoanalysis

Answer: c. Empathic understanding

Existential therapy often focuses on helping clients confront and overcome:

a. Unconscious conflicts
b. Inadequate socialization
c. Fear of death
d. Childhood trauma

Answer: c. Fear of death

What is the central theme in existential therapy concerning the human condition?
a. Determinism
b. Search for meaning
c. Pleasure principle
d. Id, ego, and superego

Answer: b. Search for meaning

In Humanistic-Existential Therapy, what is the term for the therapist's ability to deeply
understand the client's subjective experience?
a. Empathy
b. Reflection
c. Confrontation
d. Interpretation

Answer: a. Empathy

Which existential concept involves the anxiety that arises when individuals realize the
vastness of their freedom and the responsibility to make choices?
a. Existential angst
b. Authenticity
c. Finiteness
d. Responsibility

Answer: a. Existential angst

Humanistic-Existential Therapy is often referred to as:

a. Behavior therapy
b. Person-centered therapy
c. Cognitive therapy
d. Psychoanalytic therapy

Answer: b. Person-centered therapy

Which of the following is a goal of Humanistic-Existential Therapy?

a. Unconscious exploration
b. Symptom reduction
c. Enhancing self-awareness and self-acceptance
d. Reinforcing maladaptive patterns

Answer: c. Enhancing self-awareness and self-acceptance

What is the primary focus of the therapeutic process in Humanistic-Existential Therapy?

a. Behavior modification
b. Unconscious conflicts
c. Insight into childhood experiences
d. Here-and-now experience

Answer: d. Here-and-now experience

According to existential therapy, individuals experience anxiety due to their awareness of:
a. Unresolved childhood conflicts
b. Future uncertainties
c. Unconscious desires
d. Genetic predispositions

Answer: b. Future uncertainties

Which of the following is a humanistic concept emphasizing the need for positive regard and
acceptance from others?
a. Self-actualization
b. Self-transcendence
c. Self-esteem
d. Unconditional positive regard

Answer: d. Unconditional positive regard

Existential therapy often explores the tension between:

a. Pleasure and pain
b. Freedom and determinism
c. Nature and nurture
d. Conscious and unconscious

Answer: b. Freedom and determinism

In Humanistic-Existential Therapy, what is the term for the therapist's ability to accurately
mirror the client's thoughts and feelings?
a. Empathy
b. Reflection
c. Interpretation
d. Confrontation
Answer: b. Reflection

Which existential concept involves facing and accepting the inevitability of death as an
essential part of life?
a. Authenticity
b. Finiteness
c. Responsibility
d. Existential angst

Answer: b. Finiteness

Humanistic-Existential Therapy emphasizes:

a. The unconscious mind
b. Deterministic forces
c. The importance of the therapeutic relationship
d. Behavior modification techniques

Answer: c. The importance of the therapeutic relationship

In Humanistic-Existential Therapy, the therapist's role is often described as:

a. Interpretative
b. Directive
c. Confrontational
d. Facilitative

Answer: d. Facilitative

Cognitive therapy

Who is considered the founder of Cognitive Therapy?

a. Sigmund Freud
b. Albert Ellis
c. Carl Rogers
d. Aaron T. Beck

Answer: d. Aaron T. Beck

Cognitive Therapy focuses on:

a. Unconscious conflicts
b. Changing maladaptive thought patterns
c. Behavioral conditioning
d. Past childhood experiences
Answer: b. Changing maladaptive thought patterns

The central concept in Cognitive Therapy is:

a. Self-actualization
b. Cognitive restructuring
c. Unconscious desires
d. Classical conditioning

Answer: b. Cognitive restructuring

Automatic thoughts in Cognitive Therapy refer to:

a. Subconscious desires
b. Unconscious conflicts
c. Spontaneous, immediate, and unfiltered thoughts
d. Repressed memories

Answer: c. Spontaneous, immediate, and unfiltered thoughts

What is the term for the cognitive distortion involving viewing situations in extreme, all-or-
nothing terms?
a. Catastrophizing
b. Overgeneralization
c. Black-and-white thinking
d. Personalization

Answer: c. Black-and-white thinking

Which cognitive distortion involves assuming one knows what others are thinking and that
they view you negatively?
a. Mind reading
b. Fortune telling
c. Catastrophizing
d. Labeling

Answer: a. Mind reading

According to Cognitive Therapy, emotional distress is often a result of:

a. Unconscious conflicts
b. Negative thought patterns
c. Lack of positive reinforcement
d. Genetic predisposition

Answer: b. Negative thought patterns

What is the main goal of Cognitive Therapy?
a. Exploring unconscious desires
b. Enhancing self-esteem
c. Changing dysfunctional thought patterns
d. Analyzing childhood experiences

Answer: c. Changing dysfunctional thought patterns

The ABC model in Cognitive Therapy stands for:

a. Attitude, Behavior, Consequence
b. Automatic thoughts, Beliefs, Coping
c. Activation, Belief, Consequence
d. Activating event, Beliefs, Consequences

Answer: d. Activating event, Beliefs, Consequences

Which cognitive distortion involves expecting disaster to strike, even when there is no
evidence for it?
a. Catastrophizing
b. Personalization
c. Overgeneralization
d. Filtering

Answer: a. Catastrophizing

In Cognitive Therapy, the process of identifying and challenging irrational beliefs is known
as:
a. Exposure therapy
b. Cognitive restructuring
c. Systematic desensitization
d. Behavioral activation

Answer: b. Cognitive restructuring

What is the term for the cognitive distortion involving seeing things only in their negative
aspects?
a. Catastrophizing
b. Filtering
c. All-or-nothing thinking
d. Mental filtering

Answer: b. Filtering
Which cognitive distortion involves taking responsibility for events that are beyond one's
control?
a. Personalization
b. Mind reading
c. Externalization
d. Fortune telling

Answer: a. Personalization

The "homework" assignments in Cognitive Therapy often involve:

a. Dream analysis
b. Journaling thoughts and emotions
c. Regression techniques
d. Exposure to feared stimuli

Answer: b. Journaling thoughts and emotions

Which of the following is a core belief in Cognitive Therapy about the role of emotions?
a. Emotions are primarily determined by external events
b. Emotions are the result of unconscious conflicts
c. Emotions are influenced by one's thoughts
d. Emotions are biologically predetermined

Answer: c. Emotions are influenced by one's thoughts

What is the term for the cognitive distortion involving believing that something bad will
happen, despite a lack of evidence?
a. Catastrophizing
b. Fortune telling
c. Overgeneralization
d. Personalization

Answer: b. Fortune telling

Which cognitive distortion involves labeling oneself based on mistakes or shortcomings?

a. Labeling
b. Catastrophizing
c. Overgeneralization
d. Personalization

Answer: a. Labeling

According to Cognitive Therapy, dysfunctional thought patterns often originate from:

a. Genetic predisposition
b. Unconscious conflicts
c. Negative life events and experiences
d. Lack of positive reinforcement

Answer: c. Negative life events and experiences

Which cognitive distortion involves expecting others to be perfect, and when they're not,
seeing them as completely flawed?
a. All-or-nothing thinking
b. Perfectionism
c. Filtering
d. Catastrophizing

Answer: b. Perfectionism

The process of evaluating and changing distorted thoughts to reduce emotional distress is
known as:
a. Mindfulness
b. Cognitive restructuring
c. Psychoanalysis
d. Exposure therapy

Answer: b. Cognitive restructuring

Behavioral therapy

Who is considered the founder of Behavioral Therapy?

a. Sigmund Freud
b. Carl Rogers
c. B.F. Skinner
d. Albert Ellis

Answer: c. B.F. Skinner

Behavioral Therapy is based on the principles of:

a. Unconscious conflicts
b. Classical conditioning
c. Humanistic philosophy
d. Existentialism

Answer: b. Classical conditioning

Which behavioral technique involves breaking down a complex behavior into smaller,
manageable steps?
a. Shaping
b. Modeling
c. Systematic desensitization
d. Token economy

Answer: a. Shaping

In Behavioral Therapy, what is the term for the process of reinforcing successive
approximations toward a desired behavior?
a. Classical conditioning
b. Positive punishment
c. Negative reinforcement
d. Operant conditioning

Answer: d. Operant conditioning

Which behavioral technique involves the use of positive reinforcement to increase the
frequency of a desired behavior?
a. Flooding
b. Aversion therapy
c. Token economy
d. Contingency management

Answer: c. Token economy

The use of punishment in Behavioral Therapy is primarily aimed at:

a. Increasing the likelihood of a behavior
b. Decreasing the likelihood of a behavior
c. Shaping a behavior
d. Reinforcing a behavior

Answer: b. Decreasing the likelihood of a behavior

What is the term for the process of learning by observing others and imitating their behavior?
a. Classical conditioning
b. Shaping
c. Modeling
d. Extinction

Answer: c. Modeling

Which type of conditioning involves associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned

stimulus to produce a conditioned response?
a. Operant conditioning
b. Systematic desensitization
c. Classical conditioning
d. Contingency management

Answer: c. Classical conditioning

The ABC model in Behavioral Therapy stands for:

a. Attitude, Behavior, Consequence
b. Automatic thoughts, Beliefs, Coping
c. Activation, Behavior, Consequence
d. Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence

Answer: d. Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence

Which behavioral technique involves presenting an aversive stimulus to decrease the

frequency of an undesired behavior?
a. Flooding
b. Aversion therapy
c. Token economy
d. Contingency management

Answer: b. Aversion therapy

In operant conditioning, what is the term for the process of weakening a behavior by
removing a positive stimulus?
a. Reinforcement
b. Punishment
c. Extinction
d. Generalization

Answer: c. Extinction

What is the term for the process of gradually exposing an individual to a feared object or
situation to reduce anxiety?
a. Shaping
b. Flooding
c. Systematic desensitization
d. Modeling

Answer: c. Systematic desensitization

The use of positive reinforcement in Behavioral Therapy is based on the principle of:
a. Increasing the likelihood of a behavior
b. Decreasing the likelihood of a behavior
c. Shaping a behavior
d. Punishing a behavior

Answer: a. Increasing the likelihood of a behavior

What is the term for the process of reinforcing a behavior every time it occurs?
a. Fixed ratio schedule
b. Continuous reinforcement
c. Variable interval schedule
d. Fixed interval schedule

Answer: b. Continuous reinforcement

Which behavioral technique involves exposing an individual to a feared stimulus at full

intensity to eliminate anxiety?
a. Flooding
b. Modeling
c. Shaping
d. Aversion therapy

Answer: a. Flooding

The use of a reward system to reinforce positive behaviors is a characteristic of:

a. Cognitive Therapy
b. Humanistic Therapy
c. Behavioral Therapy
d. Psychoanalytic Therapy

Answer: c. Behavioral Therapy

In operant conditioning, what is the term for reinforcing a behavior after a certain number of
responses?
a. Fixed ratio schedule
b. Continuous reinforcement
c. Variable interval schedule
d. Fixed interval schedule

Answer: a. Fixed ratio schedule

Which behavioral technique involves reinforcing behaviors that are gradually closer to the
target behavior?
a. Token economy
b. Modeling
c. Shaping
d. Aversion therapy

Answer: c. Shaping

In Behavioral Therapy, the antecedent is:

a. The behavior being reinforced
b. The consequence of the behavior
c. The trigger or stimulus that precedes the behavior
d. The emotional state of the individual

Answer: c. The trigger or stimulus that precedes the behavior

What is the term for the process of reinforcing a behavior after a variable amount of time has
passed?
a. Fixed ratio schedule
b. Continuous reinforcement
c. Variable interval schedule
d. Fixed interval schedule

Answer: c. Variable interval schedule

Psychotherapy

What is the initial phase of psychotherapy where the therapist gathers information about the
client's concerns, history, and goals?
a. Termination
b. Assessment
c. Intervention
d. Evaluation

Answer: b. Assessment

During the goal-setting phase of psychotherapy, goals should be:

a. Prescribed solely by the therapist
b. Collaboratively established with the client
c. Focused only on short-term outcomes
d. Discussed at the end of therapy

Answer: b. Collaboratively established with the client

Which therapeutic technique involves the exploration of unconscious thoughts and feelings
through free association and interpretation?
a. Behavioral therapy
b. Cognitive therapy
c. Psychoanalysis
d. Humanistic therapy

Answer: c. Psychoanalysis

In the working phase of psychotherapy, what is the primary focus of therapeutic interventions?
a. Setting goals
b. Building rapport
c. Achieving insight and change
d. Termination planning

Answer: c. Achieving insight and change

What is the term for the therapist's ability to understand and share the client's feelings and
perspective?
a. Empathy
b. Sympathy
c. Affectivity
d. Objectivity

Answer: a. Empathy

During the termination phase of psychotherapy, what is a common goal for both the therapist
and client?
a. Encouraging dependency
b. Facilitating emotional dependence
c. Achieving a smooth ending of therapy
d. Avoiding discussion of progress

Answer: c. Achieving a smooth ending of therapy

Which factor is essential for the success of psychotherapy and the therapeutic alliance?
a. Maintaining strict confidentiality
b. Lengthy therapy sessions
c. Mutual trust and rapport
d. Avoiding confrontation

Answer: c. Mutual trust and rapport

What is the term for the process of helping clients understand the connection between their
thoughts, feelings, and behaviors?
a. Exploration
b. Interpretation
c. Insight
d. Clarification

Answer: c. Insight

During the evaluation phase of psychotherapy, the therapist and client assess:
a. The financial cost of therapy
b. The impact of therapy on the therapist's career
c. Progress made and future goals
d. The client's personal life outside therapy

Answer: c. Progress made and future goals

Which therapeutic approach emphasizes the here-and-now experience and focuses on

immediate feelings and behaviors?
a. Psychoanalysis
b. Cognitive-behavioral therapy
c. Humanistic therapy
d. Existential therapy

Answer: c. Humanistic therapy

Characteristics of therapist

hat is a crucial characteristic for therapists to establish a positive therapeutic alliance?

a. Authoritarianism
b. Empathy
c. Ambiguity
d. Indifference

Answer: b. Empathy

The ability to be fully present and engaged with the client during therapy is known as:
a. Empathy
b. Congruence
c. Reflective listening
d. Mindfulness

Answer: d. Mindfulness

A therapist's genuine and transparent communication is often referred to as:

a. Unconditional positive regard
b. Congruence
c. Transference
d. Empathic listening
Answer: b. Congruence

What term describes the therapist's capacity to understand and appreciate the client's feelings
and experiences?
a. Sympathy
b. Empathy
c. Apathy
d. Projection

Answer: b. Empathy

The ability of a therapist to communicate acceptance and respect regardless of the client's
actions or beliefs is called:
a. Empathy
b. Unconditional positive regard
c. Sympathy
d. Cognitive restructuring

Answer: b. Unconditional positive regard

What is the term for a therapist's capacity to grasp the client's internal frame of reference and
communicate it back to them?
a. Reflection
b. Interpretation
c. Active listening
d. Validation

Answer: a. Reflection

The therapist's commitment to being truthful and authentic in the therapeutic relationship is
known as:
a. Transparency
b. Honesty
c. Authenticity
d. Objectivity

Answer: c. Authenticity

Which characteristic involves the therapist's ability to tolerate uncertainty and ambiguity in
the therapeutic process?
a. Flexibility
b. Open-mindedness
c. Ambiguity tolerance
d. Directive approach

Answer: c. Ambiguity tolerance

A therapist's ability to adapt their approach to fit the client's needs is an example of:
a. Empathy
b. Flexibility
c. Active listening
d. Objectivity

Answer: b. Flexibility

The therapist's capacity to maintain a balanced and unbiased perspective without personal
judgments is called:
a. Objectivity
b. Empathy
c. Subjectivity
d. Interpretation

Answer: a. Objectivity

Which characteristic involves the therapist's genuine care and concern for the well-being of
the client?
a. Unconditional positive regard
b. Empathy
c. Compassion
d. Sympathy

Answer: c. Compassion

What term describes the therapist's ability to comprehend the client's emotions and convey
that understanding?
a. Validation
b. Reflection
c. Interpretation
d. Active listening

Answer: a. Validation

A therapist's capacity to maintain an open and nonjudgmental attitude toward the client is
indicative of:
a. Unconditional positive regard
b. Empathy
c. Objectivity
d. Transparency

Answer: c. Objectivity

Which characteristic involves the therapist's ability to acknowledge and learn from their
mistakes?
a. Humility
b. Confidence
c. Authoritarianism
d. Dogmatism

Answer: a. Humility

The therapist's willingness to explore and address their own biases and prejudices is known
as:
a. Empathy
b. Self-awareness
c. Objectivity
d. Transparency

Answer: b. Self-awareness

Which characteristic involves the therapist's capacity to provide consistent and reliable
support to the client?
a. Reliability
b. Flexibility
c. Unconditional positive regard
d. Active listening

Answer: a. Reliability

The ability to communicate understanding without judgment or criticism is referred to as:

a. Validation
b. Reflection
c. Interpretation
d. Active listening

Answer: d. Active listening

What is the term for the therapist's ability to understand and communicate the client's
emotions even before they are fully expressed?
a. Empathy
b. Intuition
c. Reflection
d. Interpretation

Answer: b. Intuition

Which characteristic involves the therapist's commitment to ongoing professional

development and learning?
a. Open-mindedness
b. Competence
c. Flexibility
d. Ambiguity tolerance

Answer: b. Competence

A therapist's ability to establish clear and appropriate boundaries in the therapeutic

relationship is indicative of:
a. Objectivity
b. Transparency
c. Professionalism
d. Authenticity

Answer: c. Professionalism

ABA

hat is the primary goal of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)?

a. Exploring unconscious conflicts
b. Understanding cognitive distortions
c. Modifying behavior through systematic interventions
d. Promoting self-actualization

Answer: c. Modifying behavior through systematic interventions

In ABA, what is the term for a repeated sequence of behaviors that becomes associated with a
specific context?
a. Antecedent
b. Consequence
c. Contingency
d. Behavior chain

Answer: d. Behavior chain

Which component of the ABCs of behavior analysis involves the event or activity that
precedes a behavior?
a. Antecedent
b. Behavior
c. Consequence
d. Reinforcement

Answer: a. Antecedent

What is the term for the systematic use of reinforcement or punishment to increase or
decrease the occurrence of a target behavior?
a. Classical conditioning
b. Operant conditioning
c. Extinction
d. Observational learning

Answer: b. Operant conditioning

In ABA, what is the term for any change in the environment that follows a behavior and
influences the likelihood of that behavior occurring again?
a. Antecedent
b. Reinforcement
c. Contingency
d. Extinction

Answer: b. Reinforcement

Which reinforcement schedule involves reinforcing a behavior after a fixed number of

responses?
a. Fixed ratio
b. Variable ratio
c. Fixed interval
d. Variable interval

Answer: a. Fixed ratio

In ABA, what is the term for a planned sequence of individualized teaching trials designed to
achieve a specific learning objective?
a. Task analysis
b. Discrete trial training
c. Shaping
d. Generalization

Answer: b. Discrete trial training

Which principle of behavior analysis involves gradually reducing the frequency of

reinforcement to maintain a behavior over time?
a. Satiation
b. Thinning
c. Fading
d. Generalization

Answer: b. Thinning

What is the term for using reinforcement to gradually shape a complex behavior by
reinforcing successive approximations of the target behavior?
a. Chaining
b. Task analysis
c. Shaping
d. Prompting

Answer: c. Shaping

Which technique in ABA involves breaking down a complex behavior into smaller,
manageable steps to facilitate learning?
a. Prompting
b. Task analysis
c. Fading
d. Contingency management

Answer: b. Task analysis

What is the term for the process of gradually withdrawing prompts to encourage independent
performance of a behavior?
a. Prompting
b. Fading
c. Task analysis
d. Chaining

Answer: b. Fading

In ABA, what is the term for the removal of reinforcement to reduce the occurrence of a
behavior?
a. Satiation
b. Extinction
c. Generalization
d. Task analysis

Answer: b. Extinction
Which type of reinforcement involves reinforcing a behavior after a variable amount of time
has passed?
a. Fixed ratio
b. Variable ratio
c. Fixed interval
d. Variable interval

Answer: d. Variable interval

In ABA, what is the term for a visual representation of the sequence of behaviors or skills
that make up a complex behavior?
a. Shaping
b. Task analysis
c. Chaining
d. Prompting

Answer: c. Chaining

What is the term for using visual aids or cues to facilitate learning and performance of a
behavior?
a. Fading
b. Prompting
c. Modeling
d. Token economy

Answer: b. Prompting

Which ABA technique involves reinforcing a behavior to increase its frequency and the
frequency of a desirable behavior?
a. Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)
b. Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)
c. Token economy
d. Time-out

Answer: b. Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)

In ABA, what is the term for the reinforcement of a behavior that is incompatible with the
problem behavior?
a. Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)
b. Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)
c. Token economy
d. Time-out

Answer: b. Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)

Which technique involves the temporary withdrawal of reinforcement or the removal of
access to reinforcement following the occurrence of a behavior?
a. Token economy
b. Time-out
c. Satiation
d. Fading

Answer: b. Time-out

In ABA, what is the term for reinforcing a behavior that is not the target behavior to reduce
the frequency of the problem behavior?
a. Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)
b. Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)
c. Token economy
d. Time-out

Answer: a. Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)

What is the term for the systematic presentation of tasks to a learner, with reinforcement for
correct responses?
a. Shaping
b. Task analysis
c. Chaining
d. Discrete trial training

**Answer: d.

Which ABA technique involves reinforcing successive approximations toward a target

behavior until the final behavior is achieved?
a. Chaining
b. Shaping
c. Prompting
d. Task analysis

Answer: b. Shaping

In ABA, what is the primary function of prompting?

a. To provide punishment for undesired behaviors
b. To shape complex behaviors gradually
c. To offer rewards for appropriate behaviors
d. To assist in the initiation or completion of a behavior

Answer: d. To assist in the initiation or completion of a behavior

What is the term for the gradual reduction of prompts to encourage independent performance
of a behavior?
a. Prompting
b. Fading
c. Chaining
d. Shaping

Answer: b. Fading

Which ABA technique involves presenting a visual representation of the sequence of

behaviors or skills that make up a complex behavior?
a. Prompting
b. Task analysis
c. Chaining
d. Modeling

Answer: b. Task analysis

In ABA, what is the term for the systematic use of reinforcement or punishment to increase
or decrease the occurrence of a specific behavior?
a. Shaping
b. Modeling
c. Operant conditioning
d. Chaining

Answer: c. Operant conditioning

What is the goal of time-out as an ABA technique?

a. To provide an immediate reward for appropriate behavior
b. To temporarily withdraw reinforcement following the occurrence of a behavior
c. To gradually reduce the frequency of reinforcement
d. To shape a behavior through successive approximations

Answer: b. To temporarily withdraw reinforcement following the occurrence of a behavior

Which ABA technique involves reinforcing a behavior that is incompatible with the problem
behavior to reduce its frequency?
a. Token economy
b. Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)
c. Shaping
d. Chaining

Answer: b. Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)

In ABA, what is the purpose of a token economy?
a. To provide immediate reinforcement for a behavior
b. To gradually reduce the frequency of reinforcement
c. To reinforce behaviors that are incompatible with the problem behavior
d. To exchange tokens for desired items or activities

Answer: d. To exchange tokens for desired items or activities

Which ABA technique involves reinforcing a behavior that is not the target behavior to
reduce the frequency of the problem behavior?
a. Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)
b. Time-out
c. Fading
d. Chaining

Answer: a. Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)

What is the term for the temporary withdrawal of reinforcement or the removal of access to
reinforcement following the occurrence of a behavior?
a. Fading
b. Token economy
c. Time-out
d. Shaping

Answer: c. Time-out