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JSON

The document discusses JSON, including its syntax, data types, examples of usage, and best practices. JSON is a language-independent data format that is readable by both humans and machines and is commonly used for transferring data between clients and servers.

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Andres R. Bucheli
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38 views3 pages

JSON

The document discusses JSON, including its syntax, data types, examples of usage, and best practices. JSON is a language-independent data format that is readable by both humans and machines and is commonly used for transferring data between clients and servers.

Uploaded by

Andres R. Bucheli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JSON

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Published Jun 2, 2022•Updated Apr 22, 2023

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JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is a language-independent data format


that is readable, writable, and parsable for both humans and machines. JSON
is based on the syntax of the third edition of a JavaScript standard known as
(ECMAScript). Many programming languages, such as Python, have
implemented libraries to parse and generate JSON-formatted data. JavaScript
can parse JSON directly with the JSON object.

In addition to JavaScript, JSON uses some conventions from the C-descendent


languages, including C , C++, and Java.

JSON is commonly used for transferring data between clients and servers for
tasks such as web browsing or form submission. Some companies also use
JSON to allow their data to be accessed in other applications via API. Some
examples include:

• Google Maps
• Google Auth 2.0 Authentication
• Meta (formerly Facebook) Send API
• Spotify Music Web API
• LinkedIn Profile API
More can be learned about JSON by visiting json.org.

Syntax
{
"propertyOne": "valueOne",
"propertyTwo": "valueTwo",
"propertyThree": "valueThree",
}
Data is stored in an object, depicted by a pair of curly braces { }, and name-
value pairs are separated by a colon :. The pairs themselves are separated by a
comma ,. The following are data types that can be used:

• Array: An ordered, comma delimited, list of zero or more elements of


one of JSON’s data types, enclosed in square brackets.
• Boolean: Either true or false.
• Number: A signed decimal number. JSON makes no distinction between
integer and floating point.
• Object: A collection of name-value pairs inside curly brackets.
• String: A sequence of zero or more Unicode characters enclosed in
double quotes.
• null: An empty value represented by the word null.

Whitespace (e.g., spaces, tabs, line feeds, and carriage returns) is ignored
between names, values, and punctuation. The following four characters are all
considered whitespace: space, tab, line feed, and carriage return.

JSON objects cannot contain comments.

Multiple JSON objects can be collected in an array-like sequence:


[
{
"propertyOne": "valueOne",
"propertyTwo": "valueTwo",
"propertyThree": "valueThree",
},
{
"propertyA": "valueA",
"propertyB": "valueB",
"propertyC": "valueC",
}
]
A few important points to note about JSON syntax:

• While it is derived from from the JavaScript language, JSON itself is not
JavaScript.
• Trailing commas are forbidden.
• Although JavaScript names are not this strict, JSON property names
must be in double quotes.

Bad Practices
Below are two points regarding what should be avoided when using JSON
format:

• It is not useful to abide by an XML-like, “attribute vs. element”


framework. JSON is only about name-value pairs.
• While the nesting of inner-JSON objects is possible, going more than
two levels deep could get complicated.

Example
The following JSON example uses one level of nested objects, an array, and
each valid data type:
{
"make" : "Chevy",
"model" : "Silverado",
"miles" : 27500.5,
"year" : 2020,
"owner" : {
"firstName" : "John",
"lastName" : "Doe"
},
"features" : ["4WD", "Towing Package", "Lift Kit"],
"lease" : false,
"customizations": null
}

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