Differential equations and Areas - DPP Sheet BITSAT Crash Course

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4
 d 2y   dy 
2
1. (d) Making fourth power both the sides, we get the differential equation  2  = y +  
 dx   dx 
Obviously, order is 2 and degree is 4.

3
d 2y  dy 
2. (b) = − 1+ 
dx 2  dx 
2
 d 2y   dy 
3
On squaring, we get  2  = 1 +  
 dx   dx 
Obviously the degree is 2.

3. (d) On squaring, we will have the result.

3/4 9
  dy  2   d 2y 
1/3
  dy  2   d 2y 
4

4. (b) 1 +      
=  2   1 +    =  2  
  dx    dx    dx    dx 
Clearly, degree is 4.

5. (a) The equation of a member of the family of parabolas having axis parallel to y-axis is
y = Ax 2 + Bx + C .....(i)
where A, B, C are arbitrary constants.
dy
Differentiating (i) w.r.t. x, we get = 2 Ax + B .....(ii)
dx
d 2y
Which on differentiating w.r.t. x gives = 2 A .....(iii)
dx 2
d 3y
Differentiating w.r.t. x again, we get =0.
dx 3

1 
6. (b) y = ax cos  + b  .…. (i)
x 
Differentiate (i), we get
 1  1   − 1 
y1 = a cos  + b  − x sin + b   2 
  x   x   x 
 1  1 1 
= a cos  + b  + sin + b  .....(ii)
  x  x  x 
−a 1 
Again, differentiate (ii), we get y 2 = cos  + b 
x 3
x 
−ax 1  −y
= cos + b  = 4  x 4 y 2 + y = 0 .
x4 x  x

dy
7. (a) = 1 + x + y + xy
dx
dy dy
 = (1 + x )(1 + y )  = (1 + x )dx
dx 1+y
x2
On integrating, we get log(1 + y ) = +x +c.
2

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8. (a) The given equation

dy 1−y 1+ x
(x 2 − yx 2 ) + y 2 + xy 2 = 0  2 dy + 2 dx = 0
dx y x
 1 1  1 1
  2 − dy +  2 + dx = 0
 y y   x x
On integrating, we get the required solution
x 1 1
log  = + + c .
y x y

dy 1 + cos 2 y dy 2 cos 2 y
9. (c) =−  =−
dx 1 − cos 2 x dx 2 sin 2 x
 sec 2 ydy = −cosec 2 xdx
On integrating both sides, we get
tan y = cot x + c  tan y − cot x = c .

dy 1 x
10. (a) (1 + x 2 ) = x (1 + y 2 )  dy = dx
dx 1 + y2 1 + x2
1
On integrating, we get tan −1 y = log(1 + x 2 ) + c
2
 2 tan −1 y = log(1 + x 2 ) + c .

dy x 2 + 3 y 2
11. (d) It is homogeneous equation =
dx 2 xy
dy dv
Put y = vx and =v+x
dx dx
dv 1 + v 2
So, we get x =
dx 2v
2vdv dx
 =
1+v 2
x
On integrating, we get x 2 + y 2 = px 3 .

dy x 2 + y 2
12. (b) It can be written in the form of homogeneous equation =
dx 2 xy
dy dv
Now solve it by putting y = vx and =v+x .
dx dx

13. (d) Given ydx − xdy = xydx

ydx − xdy   x 
 = dx  d ln  = dx
xy   y 
x
+ ln c = x  ye = cx .
x
Integrating both sides, we get ln
y

14. (a) x 2dy + y 2dy = xydx  x (xdy − ydx ) = −y 2dy

(ydx − xdy ) x  x  dy
 x = dy  d  =
y2 y  y  y

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x2
Integrating, = log e y + c
2y 2
1 x2 1
Given y(1) = 1  c =  = log e y +
2 2y 2 2
x 02 1
Now y(x 0 ) = e  2
− log e e − = 0  x 02 = 3e 2
2e 2
 x 0 =  3e

15. (b) (1 + y 2 )dx − (tan −1 y − x )dy = 0

dy 1 + y2 dx tan −1 y x
 = −1
 = −
dx tan y − x dy 1 + y2 1 + y2
dx x tan −1 y
 + =
dy 1 + y 2 1 + y2
dx
This is equation of the form + Px = Q
dy

 1 + y 2 .dy
1

So, I.F. = e 
P dy −1
=e = e tan y
.

 
1
p .dx dx
16. (a) I.F. = e  e x
= e log e x = x .

dy
17. (b) Given equation can be written as + y tan x = sec x
dx

 I.F. = e
 tan xdx
= e log sec x = sec x

Hence solution is y sec x =  sec x + c = tan x + c .

2

dy dy
18. (b) + 2 y tan x = sin x is a linear differential equation of the form + y f (x ) = g(x )
dx dx
2
 I.F. = e  f ( x )dx = e  2 tan x dx = e 2 log(sec x ) = e log sec x
= sec 2 x
Hence, the solution is y (I.F.) =  g(x ) I.F. dx + c
y(sec 2 x ) =  sin x sec x dx + c
2

 y sec 2 x =  sec x tan x dx + c  y sec 2

x = sec x + c .

2
19. (a) I.F. = e  sec x dx
= e tan x
 Solution is ye tan x = c + tan xe tan x sec 2 x dx 
− tan x
 y = ce + tan x − 1 .

1 1
20. (b) ydx − xdy = 0  dx = dy
x y
On integrating, log x = log y + log c
x
 log = log c  x = cy
y

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It is a straight line passing through origin.

21. (c) sec 2 x tan ydx + sec 2 y tan xdy = 0

sec 2 x sec 2 y
 dx + dy = 0
tan x tan y
On integrating, we get log tan x + log tan y = log c
 log(tan x tan y) = log c
 tan x = c cot y .
dy
22. (b) = 1 + x + y + xy
dx
dy
 = (1 + x ) + y (1 + x )
dx
dy
 = (1 + x )(1 + y)
dx
dy
 = dx (1 + x )
(1 + y )
dy
Integrating both sides,  (1 + y )
=  dx (1 + x )
x2
log(1 + y ) = x + + log c
2
2
y = ce x +( x / 2)
−1
−1 +(1 / 2)
 y(−1) = ce −1 = 0
 ce −1 / 2 = 1  c = e 1 / 2
x2 ( x +1) 2
x+
y = e 1/2
e 2 −1 , y = e 2 −1.
dy
23. (d) Given = 1 + x + y 2 + xy 2
dx
dy dy
 = (1 + x ) + y 2 (1 + x )  = (1 + x )(1 + y 2 )
dx dx
dy
 = (1 + x )dx
1 + y2

 1 + y =  (1 + x )dx
dy
Integrating both sides, 2

x2
 tan −1 y = x + +c
2
Put y(0) = 0 ,  0 = 0 + 0 + c  c = 0

x2  x 2 
 tan −1 y = x +  y = tan  x + .
2  2 
dy t 1
24. (a) Rearranging the terms, − y=
dt 1 + t 1+t


t
− dt
1+ t
I.F. = e = e − t .(1 + t)
1
 Solution is ye − t .(1 + t) =  (1 + t).e
−t
+c
(1 + t)

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ye −t (1 + t) = −e −t + c
−1
Also, y(0) = −1  c = 0  y(1) = .
2
dy y dy y y
25. (c) x = y − x tan   or = − tan  
dx  
x dx x x
It is homogeneous equation, hence put y = vx
dv
we get, v + x = v − tan v
dx
dx

 cot vdv = −  x
 log(x sin v) = log c

 x sin y  = c .
x
dy y log x
26. (a) The equation is − =
dx x x


1
− dx
1
I.F. = e x
= e − log x =
x
1

log x 1
Hence solution is y. =  dx
x x x
y log x 1
 =− − +c
x x x
 y = cx − (1 + log x ) .
27. (b) We have y = sin x
x 0  /6  /2  3 / 2 2
y 0 0.5 1 0 –1 0
Join these points with a free hand to obtain a rough sketch
Y

B D
O  2 X

Required area = (area of OAB ) + (area of BCD)

 2
= 
0
y dx +  (−y) dx ,

(  Area BCD is below x − axis)
 2
=  0
sin x dx −  sin x dx = 4

sq. unit.

4 y 4
28. (c) Required area = 
1
x dy =
2
dy 
1

1 2 7
= . | y 3 / 2 | 14 = sq. unit.
2 3 3
2 0 2 5
29. (a) Required area
−1
y dx = 
−1
y . dx +  0
y . dx =
2
sq. unit.
Y

x =2
(–1, 0)
X
x =1 (2,0)

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30. (b) Let the ordinate at x = a divide the area into two equal parts
Y

(2, 3)
C
A

X
O M D N
(2,0)(a,0)(4,0)
4
4  8   8
Area of AMNB = 
2
 1 + 2  dx =  x −  = 4
 x   x 2
a 8 
Area of ACDM =  1 + x
2 2
dx = 2

On solving, we get a = 2 2 ;Since a  0  a = 2 2 .
9
31. (d) Shaded area A = 2  4
4 ax dx
Y x=4 x=9

y2=4ax

2 152 a
A = 4 a  [ x 3 / 2 ]94 = .
3 3
32. (a) The curves y = x and y = x + sin x intersect at (0, 0) and ( ,  ) . Hence area bounded by the
two curves
  


= (x + sin x )dx − x dx =
0

0
 sin x dx
0

= [− cos x ]0 = − cos  + cos 0 = −(−1) + (1) = 2 .
 /3
33. 
(c) Required area = 2 tan x dx = 2[log sec x ]0 / 3 = 2 log(2) .
0

34. (a) Given curve y = a x + bx . This curve passes through (1, 2),  2 = a + b …..(i)
and area bounded by this curve and line x = 4 and x-axis is 8 sq. unit, then
4

 0
(a x + bx ) dx = 8

2a 3 / 2 4 b 2 4 2a
 [ x ]0 + [ x ]0 = 8 , .8 + 8 b = 8
3 2 3
 2a + 3b = 3 …..(ii)
From equation (i) and (ii), we get a = 3, b = −1 .
2


3
35. (b) 2 kx dx =  2 2 k − 1 = 3k . Now check from options, only (b) satisfies the above condition.
0 log 2
b
36. (d) 1
f (x ) dx = b 2 + 1 − 2 = b 2 + 1 − 1 + 1 = [ x 2 + 1 ]1b

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d 2x x
 f (x ) = x2 +1 = = .
dx 2 x +1 2
x +12

2
37. (b) Area of smaller part = 2
Y
1
4 − x 2 dx

x=1

(2, 0)
(0,0 X
)

x x
2    3  
=2 4 − x 2 + 2 sin −1  = 2 2. −  − 2.  
2 2 1  2  2 6  

  3    8
= 2  −  −  = − 3.
  2 3  

3
 /2  / 2  1 − cos 2x 
38. (b) Required area A =

0
sin 2 x . dx = 
0

 2
 dxa

1  /2 1 
= [ x ]0 − [sin 2 x ]0 / 2 = .
2 4 4
3 2

 
x
39. (c) Required area = dx + 4 − x 2 dx
0 3 3
Y

(2,0)
X

3
1 x2 
2
x 4 x
=   + 4 − x 2 + sin −1 
3  2  0 2 2 2 3

3  3 2  
= +  − − = .
2  2 3  3

 cR2
Trick : Area of sector made by an arc =
2
 4 
. = . =
6 2 3
40. (b) y = x − 1, if x  1 and y = −(x − 1), if x  1
Y x =1

y=1

x=2

x+y=1
y=x–1

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1 2
1 2  x2  x2 
Area =

0 1 
(1 − x )dx + (x − 1)dx =  x −
 2
 +
 0  2
− x
1

 1  1  1 1
= 1 −  + −  − 1  = + = 1 .
 2    2  2 2
a
41. (b) Required area = 2 
0
4 ax dx
Y
x=a

y2 = 4ax
2 3/2 a 8 a 8
=4 a [ x ]0 = .a a = a 2 .
3 3 3
42. (d) Given parabolas are x 2 = 1 + y , x 2 = 1 − y
Y

(0, 1)

x2 = 1 + y

(0, – x2 = 1 –
1) y
1
1  x3 

8
Required area = 4 (1 − x 2 ) dx = 4  x −  = .
0  3  0 3
3 2 3
43. (d) Required area =  | x − 2 | dx=  (2 − x )dx +  (x − 2)dx
1 1 2
2 3
 x2  x2  1 1
= 2 x −  + − 2x  = + = 1 .
 2  1  2  2 2 2
44. (d) Equations of curves y 2 = 4 x and x 2 = 4 y. The given equations may be written as y = 2 x and
x2
y= .
4
4 4x2 32 16 16
We know that area enclosed by the parabolas =  0
2 x dx −  0 4
dx =
3
−
3
=
3
sq. unit.

45. (b)
Y
y=x
y=–x y = x2

(– (1,1)
1,1)
X

Required area = 2 (shaded area in first quadrant)

1 1 1
= 2 (x − x 2 ) dx = 2  =
0 6 3 

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