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Tutorial 7

This document provides example problems related to convection in external and internal flows, including flow over flat plates and cylinders, fully developed pipe flow, and duct flow. Solutions are provided for several problems involving calculation of boundary layer thickness, heat transfer rates, surface temperatures, drag forces, and fluid outlet temperatures.

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Shubham Kumar
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83 views

Tutorial 7

This document provides example problems related to convection in external and internal flows, including flow over flat plates and cylinders, fully developed pipe flow, and duct flow. Solutions are provided for several problems involving calculation of boundary layer thickness, heat transfer rates, surface temperatures, drag forces, and fluid outlet temperatures.

Uploaded by

Shubham Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MIN 305 Heat & Mass Transfer

Tutorial Sheet 7: Convection in external and internal flows

1 Derive the expression for hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layer thickness using
integral method. Also find expressions for shear stress at wall and heat transfer
coefficient. Compare these results with similarity solution.
2 Consider atmospheric air at 25°C in parallel flow at 5 m/s over a 1m long flat plate
maintained at 75 oC.
(a) Determine the boundary layer thickness, the surface shear stress, and the heat
flux at the trailing edge.
(b) Determine the drag force on the plate and the total heat transfer from the plate
per unit width of the plate.

3 A 1.0-kW heater is constructed of a glass plate with an electrically conducting film


that produces a constant heat flux. The plate is 60 cm by 60 cm and placed in an
airstream at 27◦C, 1 atm with u∞ = 5 m/s. Calculate the average temperature
difference along the plate and the temperature difference at the trailing edge. (Ans.
243 and 365.4◦C )
4 Air at 20◦C and 1 atm flows over a flat plate at 35 m/s. The plate is 75 cm long and
is maintained at 60◦C. Assuming unit depth in the z direction, calculate the heat
transfer from the plate. (Ans. 2373 W)
5 Air at 1 atm and 300 K flows across a 20-cm-square plate at a free-stream velocity
of 20 m/s. The last half of the plate is heated to a constant temperature of 350 K.
Calculate the heat lost by the plate. (Ans: 425.66 W)
6 A circular cylinder of 30 mm diameter is heated to a surface temperature of 90°C,
while water at 25 °C is in cross flow over the cylinder with a velocity of 3 m/s.
(a) What is the drag force exerted on the cylinder per unit length?
(b) What is the rate of heat transfer from the cylinder per unit length?
7 Air at 25°C flows over a 10 mm diameter sphere with a velocity of 25 m/s, while
the surface of the sphere is maintained at 75 °C.
(a) What is the drag force on the sphere ? (Ans. 0.011 N)
(b) What is the rate of heat transfer from the sphere ? (Ans: 3.14 W)
8 A pre heater involves the use of condensing steam at 100 °C on the inside of a bank
of tubes to heat air which enters at one atmosphere and 25 °C. The air moves at 5
m/s in cross flow over the tubes. Each tube is one meter long and has an outside
diameter of 10 mm, and the bank consists of 196 tubes in a square, aligned array for
which ST =SL =15mm
(a) What is the total rate of heat transfer to the air? (Ans: 58.5 kW)

(b) What is the pressure drop associated with the air flow ? (Ans: 590 Pa)

9 Derive expression for velocity profile in laminar and fully developed pipe flow.
Consider constant surface heat flux condition and derive expression for Nusselt
number. What will be the Nusselt number if surface temperature is constant?
10 Hot air flows with a mass rate of m = 0.050 kg/s through an uninsulated sheet metal
duct of diameter D=0.15 m, which passes through the crawl space of a house. The
hot air enters the duct at a temperature of 103°C and after a distance of L=5m, cools
to a temperature of 77°C. The heat transfer coefficient between the duct outer
surface and the cold ambient air at Tamb = 0 °C is assumed to have a constant value
of ho = 6 W/m2.K
a. Calculate the heat loss (w) from the duct over the length L (Ans: 910 W)
b. Determine the heat f1ux and the duct surface temperature at x=L. (Ans: 355
W/m2 55.9°C)
11 Water is flowing through a tube of diameter 4 cm and length 4 m at rate of 2 kg/s.
Inlet temperature of water is 25°C. The tube is maintained at a constant temperature
of 90°C. Find the outlet temperature and rate of heat transfer to water.

Ans: 47.5°C, 188kW


12 Air at 4 × 10−4 kg/s and 27°C enters a triangular duct that is 2m long with each
side of width 2 cm. Surface of the duct is kept at uniform temperature of 100°C.
What is the temperature of the air at the outlet? Ans: 88°C

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