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    Expert System in AI Is A Very Crucial Part of Many Transforming Industries

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    akramshaik2004
    Expert systems in AI mimic human decision making in specific domains. They use symbolic reasoning over structured knowledge to provide recommendations and have been used in fields like healthcare, manufacturing, and customer service to assist humans.

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    Expert System in AI Is A Very Crucial Part of Many Transforming Industries

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    akramshaik2004
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    Expert systems in AI mimic human decision making in specific domains. They use symbolic reasoning over structured knowledge to provide recommendations and have been used in fields like healthcare, manufacturing, and customer service to assist humans.

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    Expert system in AI is a very crucial part of many transforming industries

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    Expert systems in AI mimic human decision making in specific domains. They use symbolic reasoning over structured knowledge to provide recommendations and have been used in fields like healthcare, manufacturing, and customer service to assist humans.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    10 views8 pages

    Expert System in AI Is A Very Crucial Part of Many Transforming Industries

    Uploaded by

    akramshaik2004
    Expert systems in AI mimic human decision making in specific domains. They use symbolic reasoning over structured knowledge to provide recommendations and have been used in fields like healthcare, manufacturing, and customer service to assist humans.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Expert system in AI is a very crucial part of many transforming industries.

    Expert system
    in AI are knowledge-based systems that mimic human decision-making in specific
    domains. They have been widely used in fields such as healthcare, finance,
    manufacturing, and customer service. In this article, we will provide an overview of
    expert systems in AI, including their popular examples, characteristics, components,
    development process, capabilities, advantages, limitations, and applications.

    Some Popular Examples of Expert Systems

    • DENDRAL: DENDRAL is a pioneering expert system that was developed in the


    1960s at Stanford University. It was designed to interpret complex data from
    mass spectrometry and deduce the molecular structure of organic compounds.
    DENDRAL was widely used in the field of chemistry and played a crucial role in
    the development of computational chemistry.
    • MYCIN: MYCIN is a well-known expert system that was developed in the 1970s at
    Stanford University. It was designed to assist doctors in diagnosing and treating
    bacterial infections. MYCIN used a knowledge base of medical information and
    rules to provide recommendations on appropriate antibiotics and dosages.
    • PXDES: PXDES (Protein X-Ray Diffraction Expert System) is an expert system
    developed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for analyzing protein
    structures using X-ray crystallography data. PXDES assists researchers in
    interpreting complex data and provides insights into the three-dimensional
    structure of proteins.
    • CaDeT: CaDeT (Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment) is an expert system developed
    by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) for assisting oncologists in diagnosing and
    treating various types of cancer. CaDeT uses a knowledge base of medical data
    and rules to provide recommendations on treatment options based on the
    specific type and stage of cancer.

    Characteristics of Expert Systems

    One of the key characteristics of expert systems is their ability to reason and make
    decisions based on a set of rules or knowledge base. Expert systems typically rely on
    symbolic or rule-based reasoning, where they process information using logical rules
    and infer new information from known facts. They are capable of learning and updating
    their knowledge base, allowing them to improve their accuracy over time. They
    designed to be user-friendly and provide explanations for their decisions, making them
    a valuable tool in decision-making processes where human expertise is not readily
    available. The major characteristics of an expert system in AI are:

    • High Performance: Expert systems are designed to perform at a high level of


    accuracy and efficiency. They can process large amounts of data and make
    decisions based on complex rules and reasoning, making them highly reliable in
    providing accurate solutions.
    • Understandable: Expert systems are designed to be understandable by non-
    experts. The knowledge base and rules are structured in a way that can be easily
    interpreted and explained to end-users, allowing them to understand the
    decision-making process of the expert system.
    • Reliable: Expert system in AI is built on a foundation of reliable and validated
    knowledge. The knowledge base is carefully curated and updated with the latest
    information to ensure that the expert system's recommendations are reliable
    and trustworthy.
    • Highly Responsive: Expert systems are capable of providing real-time solutions
    and recommendations. They can quickly process data, apply rules, and provide
    timely responses, making them highly responsive in time-critical situations.

    Components of Expert Systems

    There are three major components in Expert Systems.

    • User Interface: The user interface is the component of an expert system that
    allows users to interact with the system. It can be a graphical user interface
    (GUI), a command-line interface, or a web-based interface. The user interface
    enables users to input data, receive recommendations or solutions, and provide
    feedback.
    • Inference Engine: The inference engine is the core component of an expert
    system that applies rules and reasoning to deduce new conclusions from the
    knowledge base. It uses various techniques such as forward chaining, backward
    chaining, and fuzzy logic to derive solutions from the input data and the
    knowledge base.
    • Knowledge Base: The knowledge base is the repository of domain-specific
    information and rules in an expert system. It contains data, facts, heuristics, and
    rules that are organized in a structured format. The knowledge base is curated
    and updated regularly to ensure that the expert system has the latest and most
    accurate information for decision-making.

    Development of Expert Systems:

    The development of expert systems typically involves several key participants:

    • Expert: The expert is the domain-specific professional who possesses the


    knowledge and expertise in a particular field. The expert provides the input data,
    rules, and heuristics that form the basis of the knowledge base. Their insights
    and expertise are critical in building an effective and accurate expert system.
    • Knowledge Engineer: The knowledge engineer is responsible for capturing,
    organizing, and encoding the knowledge provided by the expert into the
    knowledge base of the expert system. They work closely with the expert to
    understand their decision-making process and translate it into a structured
    format that can be processed by the inference engine.
    • End-User: The end-user is the individual or group who interacts with the expert
    system to seek solutions or recommendations. The end-user provides input
    data, receives recommendations or solutions, and may provide feedback to
    improve the performance of the expert system.

    Why Use an Expert System?


    Expert systems offer several benefits that make them valuable in various domains:

    • Capabilities: Expert systems are capable of processing and analyzing large


    amounts of data quickly and accurately. They can handle complex decision-
    making tasks and provide recommendations or solutions based on rules and
    reasoning.
    • Efficiency: Expert systems automate decision-making processes, reducing the
    time and effort required to analyze and interpret data. This leads to increased
    efficiency and productivity in domains where decision-making is complex and
    time-sensitive.
    • Accuracy: Expert systems are built on reliable knowledge bases that are curated
    and updated regularly. This ensures that the recommendations or solutions
    provided by the expert system are accurate and trustworthy.
    • Scalability: Expert systems can be easily scaled and adapted to different
    domains or industries. The knowledge base can be updated and expanded to
    accommodate changes in the domain or to include new information, making
    expert systems highly adaptable.

    Advantages of Expert Systems

    • Improved Decision-making: Expert systems provide accurate and consistent


    recommendations or solutions based on the domain-specific knowledge and
    rules encoded in the knowledge base. This leads to improved decision-making
    and reduces the risk of human errors.
    • Increased Efficiency: Expert systems automate decision-making processes,
    reducing the time and effort required to analyze data and provide
    recommendations. This results in increased efficiency and productivity in various
    domains.
    • Cost-effective: Expert systems can be a cost-effective solution compared to
    hiring multiple domain experts. Once the expert system is developed, it can be
    easily scaled and used by multiple users, making it a cost-effective option for
    organizations.
    • Enhanced Accessibility: Expert systems make domain-specific knowledge and
    expertise accessible to a wider audience. Non-experts can use expert systems to
    gain insights and make informed decisions in areas where they lack expertise.

    Limitations of Expert Systems

    • Limited Domain: Expert systems are designed for specific domains and may not
    be applicable or effective in domains outside their scope. They rely heavily on the
    accuracy and completeness of the knowledge base, and if the knowledge base is
    not comprehensive, the expert system may not perform optimally.
    • Lack of Common Sense: Expert systems may lack common sense reasoning
    and may not be able to handle ambiguous or uncertain situations effectively.
    They rely solely on the information and rules encoded in the knowledge base, and
    may not be able to adapt to situations that require human intuition or creativity.
    • Maintenance and Updates: Expert systems require regular maintenance and
    updates to keep the knowledge base accurate and up-to-date. This may require
    continuous efforts from the knowledge engineer and the expert to ensure the
    expert system's effectiveness.
    • Overreliance on Expert Knowledge: Expert systems heavily rely on the
    knowledge provided by the domain expert. If the expert's knowledge is biased or
    incomplete, it may impact the accuracy and reliability of the expert system's
    recommendations or solutions.
    • Lack of Learning and Adaptability: Traditional expert systems do not have the
    ability to learn from new data or adapt to changing circumstances. They rely
    solely on the knowledge base and rules encoded during their development,
    which may limit their adaptability in dynamic domains.

    Applications of Expert Systems

    Expert systems have found applications in various domains, including:

    • Designing and Manufacturing: Expert systems are used in the design and
    manufacturing domain for tasks such as product design, process optimization,
    quality control, and fault detection. They can analyze complex data and provide
    recommendations for improving design or manufacturing processes.
    • Knowledge Domain: Expert systems are used in knowledge-intensive domains,
    such as legal, intellectual property, and patent searches, where they can quickly
    analyze and interpret large volumes of data to provide insights and
    recommendations.
    • Finance Domain: Expert systems are used in the finance domain for tasks such
    as risk assessment, investment portfolio management, and fraud detection.
    They can analyze financial data and provide recommendations for making
    informed investment decisions or detecting potential fraud.
    • Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Devices: Expert systems are used in the
    diagnosis and troubleshooting of complex devices such as computer systems,
    medical equipment, and automobiles. They can analyze symptoms and provide
    recommendations for identifying and resolving issues.
    • Planning and Scheduling: Expert systems are used in planning and scheduling
    tasks in domains such as logistics, transportation, and project management.
    They can analyze complex data and optimize schedules for efficient resource
    allocation and decision-making.

    PHASES IN BULIDING EXPERT SYSTEM


    2 UNIT
    Problem Searching

    • In general, searching refers to as finding information one needs.


    • Searching is the most commonly used technique of problem solving in
    artificial intelligence.
    • The searching algorithm helps us to search for solution of particular
    problem.

    Problem

    • Problems are the issues which comes across any system. A solution is
    needed to solve that particular problem.

    Steps : Solve Problem Using Artificial Intelligence

    • The process of solving a problem consists of five steps. These are:


    Problem Solving in Artificial Intelligence

    1. Defining The Problem: The definition of the problem must be included


    precisely. It should contain the possible initial as well as final situations
    which should result in acceptable solution.
    2. Analyzing The Problem: Analyzing the problem and its requirement must be
    done as few features can have immense impact on the resulting solution.
    3. Identification Of Solutions: This phase generates reasonable amount of
    solutions to the given problem in a particular range.
    4. Choosing a Solution: From all the identified solutions, the best solution is
    chosen basis on the results produced by respective solutions.
    5. Implementation: After choosing the best solution, its implementation is
    done.

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