v i

deo- 1
1)pwd: printwor kingdi rect ory
2)l
s: tol i
stf ilesi npwd
3)Cmd: commandpr ompt
4)Mkdi r( fi
lename) :t
ocr eat eadi rect or y
5)touch: usedt ocr eat eaf ilewi thoutanycont ent
6)Echo: displ ayl ineoft extt hatar epassedasanar gument
7)Clear: remov eal lprev iouscommands
8)Dat e,
Ti me: Usedt odi spl aydat eandt i
me
10)cd: Changedi rector y( Goest ohomedi rect orybydef aul
t)
11)cal :Displ ay st hecal endar
12)host name: whati st hemachi ne'sname
13)host name- i:display st hei paddr essoft hemachi ne
14)host : displ ay st hesetofar gument s
15)uname: showst heki ndofOS
16)uname- m: displ ayst hear chi tect ur eoft heOS
17)uname- a: displ aysev er ydet ailsliket ypeofOS, wher eitishost
ed
18)man( command) :displ ay sal l t
hecommandr el
atedt oit
19)sudo- i
: t
akest or ootuser
20)ll
: l
ongl ist
21)touch( f i
lename) :tocr eat eaf ile
22)vim( fil
ename) :toi nser toredi tdet ails
23)cat( filename) :todi spl ayt hecont ent soft hef il
e
24)rm( fi
lename) :remov et hef i
le
25)ls- l
art :tov i
ewal lthef ilesal ongsi det hehi ddenf il
es
26)mv :tor enamet hef ileandal sot or enamet hedirectoryinwhichiti
spresent
27)cp: tocopyaf ile
28)rmdi r: remov et hedi rect or y
29)cat/ et c/ os-r elease: toout putt hecont entofOSr elease
30)!l
l:thel astr uncommandi nl lget sr epeat ed
31)histor y: l
istsal lthecommandsusedf rom t hebegi nning
32)mv( file. fi
le) :tohi det hef ile
33)diff:showst hedi ffer encebet ween2f i
les
34)cp- R: Recur sivecopy (copyal lthesour ce, dir,f
il
est oanewl ocati
on)
35)apti nst all tree: toi nst al lat ool (tree=t ool )
36)aptupdat e: toupdat et ool t ot hel at estv er sion
37)tree- aGFG: showst hedi rect oriesi nasi mpl ermanner (
GFG-Dir
ector
y)
38)id: i
dent i
tyoft heper son( idubunt u)
39)who: showswhocur r ent lyl oggedi ntot hemachi ne
40)sudochownr oot( filename) :usedt ochanget heowner shiporthedi
rector
y
41)sudochown:wezv a( filename) :t hegr oup wi l
lbechangedandt heusernamer
emai
nst
he
same
42)sudochownr oot :
wezv a( fi
lename) : t
ochanget heuser name
43)user add( user name) : tocr eat eauser name
44)addgr oup(gr oupname) : t
ocr eat eagr oup
45)user del :todel et eauser name
46)groupdel /del group: todel et eagr oup

video-2
1)touch1\2\3: (
\:t
omakei tt
oasi nglefil
e)
2)head( f
ilename) :
topr intthefi
rsttenlinesofthecontenti
nt hef
il
e
3)head-n( numberofl inestobepr i
nted)(fi
lename):t
opr i
ntthespeci
ficlinesi
ntop
4)tai
l(fi
lename) :pri
ntst helastt
enl i
nesbydef ault
5)tai
l-n(numberofl inest obepr i
nted)(fil
ename):toprintt
hespecifi
clinesatthebot
tom
6)rm- r
f:forci
bleandr ecursivedelete
7)wc- l(
fil
ename) :showst henumberofl i
nesinthefi
le
8)mor e(filename) :Showst hefullcont enti nt hef i
lewher e" cat"hassomer est
ri
cti
ons
9)less(fi
lename) :
showst hef ullcontentf rom t hebot tom
10)head- n( numberofl i
nest obepr int ed)( fil
ename) |
tail-n(numberofl i
nestobeprint
ed)( f
il
e
name) :printst hel i
nesi nbet weent hem
(|
-pipecommand: i
tisusedwhenout putofonecommandi stobef ededasinputtothenext
command)
11)wc( fil
ename) :displaysnoofl ines,wor ds,charact ersint hefil
e
12)wc- c( fil
ename) :display sthechar act ersal one
*13)source: t osett hehomepat h
14)ls>( fi
lename) :topr intthedat aint hescr een
15)which( util
ity):t
oshowt hepat hoft heut ili
ty
16)wher eis( fi
leorut il
ity):
showst henamer elatedtot heut ili
ty,
fi
le
17)getentpasswd: whoar eal lusingt hecur rentpar ticularmachi ne
18)echohel lo|cut-c1: printst hefirstchar acteri nthewor d"Hel l
o"
19)echo" hellost udent s-hi"|cut-f
1: printst hecompl etestring
20)echo" helloev eryone" |t
r""" ~": pri
ntshel lo~ev eryone( Remov estheempt yspaceandadd' ~'
)
21)echo" hello ev eryone" |
tr-s"" :shr inkal lt
heempt yspacesandr emovedoublequotes
22)find./(direct ory)-empt y :toseewhet hert hef il
eisempt y
(dot(.)represent scur r
entdi r
ect ory)
23)find./(direct ory)-name( f i
l
ename) : findst hespeci fi
edf il
eint hedi
rectory

video- 3
1)cat(fil
ename) |sort:sor tst hecont ent sint hef il
e
2)sort(filename)>( newf ilename) : sor tt hecont enti ntheol df i
leandr edirectittonewf il
e
(>:redi r ectoper at or )
3)sort(filename) :display st hesor tedl i
st
4)sort-o( targetf i
le)(sour cef i
le):sor tt hecont enti nthesour cefi
leandpl acesi tint argetfi
le
wi thoutr edirecti
onal operator
5)sort-r( fi
lename) :sor tsi nr ev erseor der
6)sort-n( fil
ename) : numer icsor t
7)sort-u( fil
ename) : tor emov et hedupl icat es
8)sort-k4( f
ilename) :sor tt he4t hcol umnoft hef i
le
9)sort-R( fil
ename) :Random sor t
10)sed- -versi on: pri
nt sthedet ail
soft heut ili
ty(sed)
11)sed' s/uni x/ l
inux /'( fi
lename) :useaut il
itysedi nt hef i
leanddoast ri
ngr eplacementby
repl
acingt hewor duni xbyl inuxi nthef irstoccur anceofeachl i
ne
12)sed' s/uni x/ l
inux/ g' (fil
ename) : repl acet hewor duni xbyl i
nuxgl oball
y
13)sed' s/uni x/ l
inux/ gi'( fil
ename) :r epl acet hewor duni xbyl i
nuxgl oballyirrespect i
veoft he
caseinsensi tiv e
14)sed' 2,5s/ uni x/li
nux/ g' ( fi
lename) :repl acet hewor dsbet weenl i
ne2t o5
15)sed- n' 5,
10p' (fil
ename) : printlines5t o10
16)sed' 5d' (fi
lename) :del et e5t hline
17)sed- n- e'5, 7p' -
e'10, 13p' (filename) :displ ay slinesf rom 5t o7and10t o13
18)sed' /abc/ d' (f il
ename) : del etepat ter nmat chingl i
ne
19)sed- i
.bak- e' s/org/ repl /g'( fi
lename) :iwi lluset hesamef i
lenameandwi lltakeabackup
withaf i
lename. bak
20)grep: global regul arexpr essi on
1.
^-mat cht hebegi nningoft hel ine
2.
$-mat cht heendoft hel ine
21)grep( wor d)( filename) : displ ayst hel i
newhi chhast hewor dandhighlightsit
22)grep- n( wor d)( f
il
ename) :di splay st hel inewhi chhast hewor dandhi ghlightsital ongwiththe
l
inenumber
23)grep- v( wor d)( fi
lename) : display sexceptt helinewhi chhast hepar ti
cularwor d
24)grep" ^$"( filename) : displ ay st heempt ylinei fitexistsi nthefil
e
25)grep- n- A2( wor d)( filename) :di spl ayst hepar ti
cularwor dandt henext2l i
nesi rrespecti
veof
thewor d
26)egr
ep"unix|Uni
x|
linux(f
il
ename):displ
aysthegi
venwor
ds
|
_extendedgr ep-usedformult
iplewords
27)fgr
ep(wor d)(f
il
ename) :di
spl
aysthelinewit
hthewordi
rr
espect
iveoft
hemet
achar
act
er
foundi
nthewor d

video- 4
1)l
s-l |awk' { pri
nt$1} '
:pr i
nt st hef i
rstcol umn
(awki susedt opr intcol umnardat a)
2)awk' {print }'
(fi
lename) : printal l t
hecont ent
si nt hef i
le
3)awk' {print$3} '(f
ilename) :pr intst he3r dcolumni nt hef i
le
4)awk' / (
wor d)/{print}
'(f i
lename) :printst helinet hathast hepar ti
cularword
5)awk' {printNR, $0} '(
fil
ename) : printsal lthelinewi tht helinenumber
6)awk' {print$1, $NF} '
(filename) :pr i
ntst hef i
rstandl astcol umn
(NF-di spl aysthel astf ield)
7)awk" NR==3, NR==6{ printNR, $0} '(fil
ename) :displaysl i
nesf r
om 3t o6
8)awk' NF>0' (
filename) :print st hel astf i
eldwhi chhasv aluegr eat
ert han0
9)ps:di splay sall processt hatar erunni ngi nthepar ticularmachi ne
10)ps- e: display st helinet hatr unsbehi ndwi thoutourknowl edge
11)ps- ely:di splay sallthecol umnsi nthepr ocessst at e
12)ps- axjf: topr intapr ocesst ree
13)Toseeev erypr ocesswi thauserdef inedfor mat
i)ps- eopi d,tid,
class, rtprio,ni,pri,
psr ,
pcpu,stat ,
wchan: 14, comm
i
i)psaxost at,euid,ruid,tty,tpgid,sess, pgrp,ppid,pid,pcpu,comm
i
i
i)ps- Aopi d,tt,
user ,f
name, tmout ,
f,wchan
14)ps- Csy slogd- opid=: printsonl yt hepr ocessI Dsofsy slogd
15)ps- q( number )-ocomm=: pr intsonl yt henameofPI Doft hegivennumber
16)uid: tell
swhet hertheper sonl oggedi ni sar ootuseroranor mal user
17)ki
ll -9PI D: toki l
l apr ocess
18)sour ce( filename) : tor unacommand
19)ki
ll -1:toseet hel i
stofav ailablesi gnal s

vi
deo-5
1)top:cpuut i
li
zat ion
2)uptime:loadav erageandsy stem uptime
3)netstat:printsnet wor kconnecti
ons
4)netstat-tulpn|gr epLISTEN: di
spl
ay sonlytheli
steni
ngpor t
s
5)free:di
spl ayst hef reememor yavailableint
hemachi nedefaul
tl
yinKBs
6)free-m: display st hefreememor yav ai
labl
einthemachi neinMBs
7)free-g:display st hefreememor yav ail
ablei
nthemachi neinGBs
8)du: i
twillshowt hememor yinbyt
es

v
ideo-6
1)xargs-iti
susedt obui
ldandexecutecommandsf rom st
andar
dinput
2)l
sof :
retri
eveinf
ormationaboutfi
l
est hatar
eopenedbyvari
ousprocesses
3)l
scpu- a,-
p:i
tgathersCPUarchit
ectureinf
ormat
ion
4)sar-u13: displ
aysCPUusagef or1seconddiff
erence3ti
mes
5)sar-r:memor yusage
7)scp:securecopy

video-7
1)crontab-e:toedi tintheli
stofcr
onjobs
2)crontab-l
: t
olistt hecronj
obs
3)nohup:execut esacommandandi nstr
uctst
hesy stem t
ocont i
nuerunni
ngit
,ev
enwhent
he
sessionisdisconnect ed
4)nohupbash( f
ilename)>( newfi
lename) :r
edi
rect
st hecontenti
ntheoldfi
l
etoanewfi
l
e
5)tee:readsthest andardi/pandwr i
tesittobot
hstandardo/pandoneormor efi
l
es
6)l
s| t
ee( fi
lename) :
theoutputofl scommandshoul dbef edasani /
ptothenewf i
le
(teecommandwi llshow theout putonthescreenandt osendi
tto
newf il
e)
7)env :printall expor t
edenv i
ronmenti namodi fi
edenv i
ronment
8)printenv :printal lorpartofenv i
ronment
9)set: pri
ntt henameandv alueofeachShel lvar
iabl
e
10)DNS: Domai nNami ngServ i
ce-i
tmapsev er
yipaddr esswi thaname
11)host name- I
: providestheI Paddresstot hemachinel oggedi n
12)what is: sear chest hedatabaseofmanpagesandl i
stst hebr i
efdescr
ipt
ionofeachmanual
13)alias:shor tnamesf orcompl excommands
14)strace: anythingy ouwantt oseewhent heprogram isr unning
15)chsh: tochanget heshell
16)Inodes: anyt ypeoff i
lewecr eatewill
best oredasani nodet othemaachine
17)df- i:
di splay st heinodesthatar eavai
lableont hesystem
18)wget ,cur l
:theset wocommandsar eusedt odownl oadanybi nari
esfr
om theint
ernet