Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela

College of Business Administration

Department of Marketing Management, Human Resource Develop-
ment Management, and Financial Management

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Xuéxí hànyǔ fēicháng yǒuqù

“It’s more fun learning Chinese”

A Module in Basic Mandarin

Prepared by:

Darwin M. Guianan
 FOREWORD

This module provides introductory lessons in learning basic Chinese language as

a foreign language. Intended to be used for self-teaching, simple and effective instruc-
tional methods were designed so as to give convenience for various types of students
and learners of Chinese language.

Each unit starts with an introduction, stating the content, essential questions, and
learning outcomes for each topic. Discussions are presented by lessons through vocab-
ularies, short lecture, and reading Chinese characters. A unit ends with activities on oral
(phonetics) and written (translation) production, followed by a short quiz.

It is hoped that after studying this module, the learner can at least make simple
conversations about everyday topics in Chinese by acquiring preliminary macro-skills
and applying basic information on Chinese characters.
 UNIT 1

An Introduction to Chinese Language

This unit gives basic knowledge on Chinese knowledge focusing on the Chinese Pho-
netics, Tonal and Pinyin system.

Essen al Ques ons:

- How is the Chinese language unique from other languages?

- How are the Chinese phonemes, tones, and pinyin produced?

Intended Learning Outcome:

- Demonstrate Chinese tonal, phonemic and pinyin system with consistency and accuracy.

Lesson 1
Characteristics of the Chinese language

The Chinese Language is considered the most widely spoken language in the world (in terms of
number of speakers) and seen to be the “language of the future”. Seeing on how China is now
par cipa ng in the global economy, it is no doubt that Mandarin has managed to become a
global language from a na on where it is only one of the many Chinese dialects spoken.

In this lesson, let us nd out the characteris cs of the Chinese language and what makes it
unique from other languages.

1. It is a tonal language.
A word meaning is dependent on its tone. There are generally four tones in Mandarin
Chinese: rising, falling, at, and falling and rising. The h tone is a neutral tone which is hard to
iden fy because it is produced fast. Other Chinese dialects are known to have 9 di erent tones.

ū - the at tone
ú - the rising tone
ǔ - the falling and rising
ù - the falling tone

To give you an example on how a tone changes a meaning of a word, here’s an example:

shuì jiào - to sleep

shuǐ jiǎo - boiled dumplings
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fl
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fl
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ft
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 To learn how to deliver these tones, you may check it on this YouTube linkhttps://
youtu.be/qgL7NrduGJc

2. It is a non-alphabet language.
The romanized Chinese “pīnyīn” a empts to alphabe ze Chinese the could replace its
characters with alphabets. Unfortunately, it is impossible to do that because many Chinese
characters share same syllables and pronuncia on but di erent in meaning.

报酬 (bào chóu) = “reward”

报仇 (bào chóu) = “revenge”

For beginners who are studying Chinese, pīnyīn is helpful in studying the basics of Chi-
nese phone cs and reading Chinese words. In doing so, you consider the following:

1. What is the ini al sound?

2. What is the nal sound?
3. What is the tone?

Note:

Two consecu ve 3rd tones, the rst tone becomes a second tone:

nǐ hǎo = ní hǎo

A third tone + 1st, 2nd and 4th tone, the rst tone becomes not a full third tone:

lǎoshī = làoshī

3. It has a uni ed wri ng system.

Composed of approximately 3000 -3500 characters, the Chinese language is ideographic
in nature. This means that each word is an ideograph, which symbolizes the idea or the thing
that it represents.

shān ) ⛰ - mountain
yuè 🈷 - moon
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 Lesson 2
The Chinese Phone cs

In this lesson, we will use pīnyīn as our guide in pronuncia on in learning the Chinese Phone cs.
Remember, all second sounds are aspirated, except /c/.

1. b/p/m/f + vowels (a e i o u)
- /b/ is pronounced /p/ - Pilipino is wri en as “Bilibino”
- /p/ is pronounced /ph/ “aspirated”
2. d/t/n/l + vowels
- /d/ is pronounced as /t/ - tala is wri en as “dala”
- /t/ is pronounce as /th/ “aspirated”
3. g/k/h + vowels
- /g/ is pronounced as /k/ - gamit is wri en as “kamit”
- /k/ is pronounced as /kh/ “aspirated”
4. j/q/x/w + vowels
5. zh/ch/sh/r + vowels
- /ch/ is aspirated
- /zh/ and /ch/ - produce these sounds by curving your tongue
6. z/c/s + vowels
- produce these sounds by bi ng your teeth

To learn more about the Chinese pīnyīn, click this YouTube link: h ps://youtu.be/
kaYp8TsSfA8

ACTIVITY

Oral Produc on

Prac ce both Chinese tonal and phone c system. Be ready for oral drills during the virtual class.
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 UNIT 2

Greetings and Family Members

In this unit, learn how to greet and know how to address family members in Chinese.

Essen al Ques ons:

- How to greet and introduce one’s self in Chinese?

- Who are members of a family in Chinese?

Intended Learning Outcome:

- Introduce one’s self and greet in Chinese.

- Use pronouns in Chinese
- Enumerate the di erent members of a family in Chinese

Lesson 3
Self Introduction

To begin introducing oneself, let’s start by asking 你叫什麼名字？

This means: nǐ jiào shénme míngzi? “what is your name?”
You will answer by saying: 我叫... wǒ jiào… then your name…
Start with a greeting…

你好 nǐ hǎo (if talking to one person) 你們 好 nǐmen hǎo (if talking to a group)
This literally means “hello”
You can also say 你好 nǐ hǎo ma? “how are you”

Then, you can end by saying: 認識 很高興

which means “i’m glad to meet you” rènshi nín hěn gāoxing
notice that nin is used, this is similar to ni but used in polite or formal situations.

Let’s look at this sample dialogue:

A: 你好! nǐ hǎo
你叫什麼名字? nǐ jiào shénme míngzi?
B: 我叫 大衛 你 wǒ jiào Dàwèi, nǐ ne?
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ti
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A: 我叫 林木 wǒ jiào Lín Mù
B: 認識你很高興 rènshi ní hěn gāoxing
A: 認識你我也很高興 rènshi ní wǒ yě hěn gāoxing

Other useful expressions include:

謝謝 xiè xie thank you

不客氣 bùkèqì you’re welcome/my pleasure/ please don’t bother
對不起 duìbuqǐ I’m sorry
早安/早上好 zǎo’ān/zǎoshanghǎo good morning
午安 wǔ’ān good afternoon
安/ 上好 wan’ān/wǎnshanghǎo good evening
再見 zàijiàn goodbye

Vocabulary

我 wǒ - I
你 nǐ- you
什麼 shénme - what
好 hǎo - good
叫 jiào - to be named/to be called
名字 míngzi - name
認識 rènshi - to know
很 hěn - very/quite
高興 gāoxing - happy/glad
也 yě - also
ma - a question particle
Activity

Oral Production

1. Get a partner and practice the dialogue discussed.

2. Practice reading aloud the useful expressions and the vocabulary.
Written Translation
Translate the following sentences. Use pīnyīn.

1. I am also good.
2. I am very happy.
3. What is your name?
4. How are you?
5. I am glad to meet you.

Short Quiz
Write the following in pīnyīn.

1. 高興
2. 對不起
3. 再見
4. 很
5. 不客氣

Lesson 4
Pronouns

In addition to 我 and 你, the other Chinese pronoun is 他 tā (he/she). To make them plural, we
just add 們 men.
我們 wǒmen we
他們 tāmen they
你們 nǐmen you (plural)

So, how do you say “what is his/her name?”

他 叫什麼名字 tā jiào shénme míngzi?
You can also say, 他 叫什麼 tā jiào shénme?

If you want to say, “who is he/she?”, it’s…

他是誰 tā shì shéi?

Vocabulary

是 shì - linking verb (is/are)

誰 shéi - who
 Ac vity

Oral Produc on

Try to say the following sentences in Mandarin:

1. Who are they?

2. Who are you? (singular)
3. What are their names?

Short Quiz

Write the following in pīnyīn.

1. 他們 是誰
2. 你 是誰
3. 他們 叫什麼名字

Lesson 5
Family

Let’s start with the basic family members:

爸爸 bàba - father
媽媽 māma - mother
哥哥 gēge - elder brother
弟弟 dìdi - younger brother
姐姐 jiějie - elder sister
妹妹 mèimei - younger sister

So, how do you say “my mother”, rst let’s change pronouns to their possessive forms by just
adding 的 de:
我的 wǒ de - my
他的 tā de - his/her
你的 nǐ de - your
我們的 wǒmen de - our
他們的 tāmen de - their
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 你們的 nǐmen de - your (plural)

So, “my mother” is 我的 媽媽 wǒ de māma. 你的 哥哥

Other family members may include:

yéye - grandfather
nǎinai - grandmother
叔叔 shūshu - uncle
姑姑 gūgu - aunt
表親 biǎoqīn - cousin
子 zhízi -nephew
女 zhínü - niece

Activity

Oral Produc on
Try to say the following phrases in Mandarin:

1. My nephew
2. His cousin
3. Our grandfather
4. Their aunt
5. Your elder brother

Written Translation
Translate the following sentences. Use pīnyīn.

1. Who is your mother?

2. Is she your elder sister?
3. What is your father’s name?

Short Quiz
Write the following in pīnyīn.
1. 你的 子
2. 他的 表親
3. 我們的
4. 他們的 姑姑
5. 你的 哥哥
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 UNIT 3

Knowing Oneself and Others

This unit introduces how to count and give dates, and to give more information about oneself
and others in Chinese.

Essen al Ques ons:

- How to count and give dates in Chinese?

- How to tell countries and nationalities in Chinese?
- How to say hobbies and interests in Chinese?
- How to say ones occupation in Chinese?

Intended Learning Outcome:

- Count and give dates in Chinese.

- Tell nationalities and countries in Chinese.
- Express one’s interests and hobbies in Chinese.
- Express one’s occupation in Chinese.
- Use simple verbs and adjectives in Chinese.

Lesson 6
Numbers and Counting

Counting in Chinese is easy. Once you have memorized them all, it will be easier to
construct and deliver other statements related to numbers in the said language.

Let’s start with 1-10

一 yī 六 liù
二 èr 七 qī
三 sān 八 bā
四 sì 九 jiǔ
五 wǔ 十 shi

0 is 零 líng

Now, 11-99 is much easier, how is that?

11 is 十一 (10 - 1) - shí yī
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12 is 十 二 (10 - 2) - shí èr… and so on…
20 is 二 十 (2 - 10) - èr she
21 is 二 十 二 (2 - 10 - 2) - èr shí èr and so on…

So, 99 is 九 十 九 (9 -10 - 9) - jiǔ shí jiǔ

Hundred is 百 bǎi
Thousand is 千 qiān

Now, how is this applicable to other situations?

One example is… 你家有幾口人? nǐ jiā yǒu jǐ kǒu rén?, which literally means, “how
many are you in your family?

You can answer by saying… 我家有___(number)口人

But take note that if it’s one or two, you say 一个 yī ge and 兩个 liǎng ge.

Example:

你有哥哥 ？nǐ yǒu gēge ma? “do you have an elder brother?”
我有一个哥哥 wǒ yǒu yī ge gēge

The opposite of 有 yǒu is 沒有méiyou “don’t have”

Knowing these numbers will also be easy in giving dates in Chinese. But rst, let’s learn
the different months.

一月 yī yuè January
二月 èr yuè February
三月 sān yuè March
四月 sì yuè April
and so on… so December is 十 二月 shí èr yuè
So now, how do we say October 7, 2020?
That will be:
二零二零年 十月 七日
èr líng èr líng nián shí yuè qī rì (day/sun)
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 You say jǐ yuè (what month) and jǐ rì (what day) if you ask somebody for both month and
date.

Finally, for days of the week, you simply add the number after the word 星期 xīngqī
(week).

星期一 xīngqī yī Monday

星期二 xīngqī èr Tuesday
星期三 xīngqīsān Wednesday
星期四 xīngqīsì Thursday
星期五 xīngqīwǔ Friday
星期六 xīngqīlliù Saturday
星期天 xīngqītiān Sunday

Vocabulary

今天 jīntiān - today
明天 míngtiān - tomorrow
昨天 zuótiān - yesterday
今年 jīnnián - this year
明年 míngnián - next year
去年 qùnián - last year
月 yuè - month
日 rì - day

Ac vity

Oral Produc on
Try to say the following numbers in Mandarin:

1. 446
2. 89
3. 7439
4. 902
5. 8225

Written Translation
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ti
 Translate the following sentences. Use pīnyīn.

1. Today is Novermber 24, 2020.

2. Today is Saturday.
3. I don’t have an elder sister.
4. There are ve members of her family.
5. You don’t have a mother?

Short Quiz
Write the following in pīnyīn.

1. 三千五百
2. 六十六
3. 五十五千三百七十四
4. 九十八
5. 八百八十八

Lesson 7
Nationalities and Countries

We begin this lesson by asking the question 你是 國人？nǐ shì nǎ guó rén?

This means, “what is your nationality?

You answer by saying: 我是 wǒ shì_________(nationality)

法國人 Fǎguórén French
中國人 Zhōngguórén Chinese
德國人 Déguórén German
西班 人 Xībānyárén Spanish
美國人 Měiguórén American
非魯賓人 Fēilùbīnrén Filipino

Remove all the “rén” and they become countries.

人 rén means person/people

是 shì is the linking verb “is/are”
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Activity

Oral activity
Try to say the following words in Mandarin.

1. 非魯賓人 Fēilùbīnrén Filipino

2. 中國人 Zhōngguórén Chinese
3. 德國人 Déguórén German
4. 朝鮮人 Cháoxiǎnrén Korean
5. 日本人 Rìběnrén Japanese

Written Translation
Translate the following sentences. Use pīnyīn.

1. She is Japanese.
2. They are Chinese.
3. We are Germans.
4. You are Korean?
5. Are you an American?

Short Quiz
Write the following in pīnyīn.

1. 非魯賓人
2. 德國人
3. 日本人
4. 法國人
5. 西班 人

Lesson 8
Interests and Hobbies

What do you love and enjoy doing? To gain Chinese friends, you can say it by saying:

我喜歡唱歌 wǒ xǐhuan chàng gē - I like to sing

他喜歡吃法國菜 tā xǐhuan chī fǎguócài - He/she likes to eat French food.
波宏喜歡打籃球 Bō Hóng xǐhuan dǎ lánqíu. - Bo Hong likes to play basketball.
喜歡 xǐhuan means to like or to love.

If you want to ask someone of what he/she loves or enjoy doing, you ask:

你喜歡做什麼？nǐ xǐhuan zuò shénme? what do you like doing?

Other example of activities:

睡覺 shuì jiào - to sleep

喝茶 hē chá - drink tea
看電視 kàn dìanshì - watch television
讀書- dú shū read book
聽音樂 tīng yīnyuè - listen to music

If you don’t like doing something, you just add the word 不 bù xǐhuan.

Activity

Oral activity
Try to say the following words in Mandarin.

1. xǐhuan zuò
2. chàng gē
3. dú shū
4. shuì giáo
5. kàn dìanshì

Written Translation
Translate the following sentences. Use pīnyīn.

1. She likes to sleep.

2. They don’t like to read books.
3. Do you like to drink tea?
4. He likes to sing.
5. We like to watch television.

Short Quiz
Write the following in pīnyīn.

1. 他喜歡讀書
2. 他喜歡喝茶 ？
3. 我們喜歡打藍球
4. 你喜歡唱歌 ？
5. 我喜歡聽音樂

Lesson 9
Jobs

Let’s start with a sample list of jobs/occupation in Chinese:

工作 gōngzuò - work/job
司機 sījī - driver
記者 jìzhě - journalist
醫生 yīshēng - doctor
主婦 zhǔfù - housewife
秘書 mìshū secretary
服務員 fúwùyuán - waiter
學生 xuésheng - student
醫生 yīshēng - doctor
廚師 chúshī - chef
會計師 kuàijìshī - accountant
So, to ask someone of what he/she does? You say:

你做什麼工作？nǐ zuò shénme gōngzuò?

我是。。。 wǒ shì…

Vocabulary

累 leì - tired/weary
忙 máng - busy
辛苦 xīnkǔ - toilsome/laborious
很 hěn - very
非常 fēicháng - very much/extremely
最 zuì - most/superlatively
 UNIT 4

Locate, Eat, and Color

This unit introduces how to locate something, identify what to eat and identify colors in Chi-
nese.

Essen al Ques ons:

- How to point locations in Chinese?

- What are popular food and drinks in Chinese?
- How to say colors and clothes in Chinese?

Intended Learning Outcome:

- Point locations in Chinese

- Identify popular food and drinks in Chinese
- Name colors and clothes in Chinese

Lesson 10
Locations

Read the dialogue below and try to identify location words:

māma : wǒ de yàoshi zài nǎr?

érzi : yàoshi zài zhuōzi shang
māma : yàoshi bú zài zhuōzi shang

érzi : yàoshi zài bú zài shāfa xiàbian?

māma : bú zài shāfa xiàbian

érzi : zài bú zài diànhuà pángbiān?

māma : bú zài diànhuà pángbiān

érzi : nǐ shǒu li shì shénme?

māma : …

Location words:

上 shang - on (the surface of something)

下邊 xiàbian - under/below
旁邊 pángbiān - beside
里 li - inside
ti
ti
前邊 qínbian - front
後邊 hòubian - back
左邊 zuǒbian - left (side)
右邊 yòubian - right (side)

Vocabulary

鑰匙 yàoshi - key
子 zhuōzi - table
沙發 shāfa - sofa
電話 diànhuà - telephone
手 shǒu - hand
cānzhuō - dining table
書櫃 shūguì - bookcase
椅子 yīzi - chair
衣櫃 yīguì - wardrobe
在 zài to be in/on/at
那人 nǎr - where

Lesson 11
Food and Drinks

Let us use the verbs 吃 chī (eat) and 喝 hē (drink) for this lesson:

我喜歡喝水 wǒ xǐhuan hē shuǐ.

他喜歡吃包子 tā xǐhuan chī bāozi.

Chinese Food/Drinks

包子 bāozi - steamed stuff bun

漢堡 hànbǎo - hamburger
吐司 tǔsī - sliced/toast bread
麵包 miànbāo - bread
饅頭 mántou - steamed bun/bread
三明治 sānmíngzhì - sandwich
 蛋 dànbǐng - egg pancake
餃 jiānjiǎo - fried dumpling
餃子 jiǎozi - dumpling
水餃 shuǐjiǎo - boiled dumpling
面 miàn - noodles
牛肉 niúròu - beef meat
肌肉 jīròu - chicken meat
豬肉 zhūròu - pork meat
魚肉 yúròu - sh meat
米飯 mǐfàn - cooked rice
咖 kāfēi - coffee
水 shuǐ - water
酒 píjiǔ - beer

Lesson 12
Clothes and Colors

Let’s begin with the different colors in Chinese:

In Chinese, color is 顏色 yánsè.

Red is 紅色 hóngsè
White is 白色 báisè
Yellow is 黃色 huángsè
Blue is 藍色 lánsè
Brown is 棕色 zōngsè
Pink is 粉紅色 fěnhóngsè
Orange is 橙色 chéngsè
Violet is 紫色 zǐsè
Gray is 灰色 hūisè

For clothes, we have:

裙子 qúinzi - skirt/dress
大衣 dàyī - coat/overcoat
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外套 wàitào - jacket
子 kùzi - trousers/pants
襯衣 chènyī - shirt/blouse

So, how do you say “does this black pants look good?”

條灰色的 子好看 ？
Zhè tiáo hēisè de kùzi hǎokàn ma?

zhè tiáo is “this one” (tiáo used for something narrow, thin, or long) such as skirt/dress
and pants, nà tiáo “that one” (same function for tiáo)

Both zhè jiàn (件）and nà jiàn would mean “this piece” and “that piece” used for “upper
garments” such as shirt, blouse, coats, t shirts etc.

Both zhège and nàge would mean “this one” and “that one” for things in general.

hǎokàn means good-looking/nice.

要 yào means “want”

“to wear” is chuān and “to remove clothes” is 脫 tuō.

So, how do you say “I want to wear a red skirt”

我要 一條紅色的裙子
Wǒ yào chuān yī tiáo hóngsè de qúnzi.

Aside from hǎokàn ma?, you can also say 怎麼樣 zěnmeyàng?:

我的紅色的裙子怎麼樣？
Wǒ de hóngsè de qúnzi zěnmeyàng？
Vocabulary

長 cháng - long
短 duǎn - short
短 duǎn kù - short pants
長 cháng kù -long pants
鞋 xié - shoes
雙 shuāng - pair
 UNIT 5

Buy and Go Somewhere

This last unit discusses measure words, how to buy, how to go to a place, take rides
and point locations in Chinese.

Essential Questions:

What measure words are used in Chinese?

How to buy and sell in Chinese
How to point directions in Chinese?
How to say “by means of” when commuting in Chinese?

Intended Learning Outcome:

Use Chinese measure words for food, drinks, clothes etc.

Buy and sell in Chinese
Point directions in Chinese
Identify public places
Identify means of transportation in Chinese

Lesson 13
Measure Words

You’ve learned in the previous lesson examples of measure words such as tiáo, jiàn and
shuāng. We continue that here by adding more measure words for food and drinks.

萬 wǎn - bowl

我要一碗熱的米飯
wǒ yào yì wǎn rè de mǐfān
I want a bowl of hot rice.

瓶 píng - bottle
兩瓶牛
liǎng píng niúnǎi
2 bottles of milk

杯 bēi - cup/glass
我喜歡喝一杯咖
wǒ xǐhuan hē yì bēi kāfēi.
I like to drink a cup of coffee.

盒 hé - box/pack
一盒蘋果
yì hé píngguǒ
one box of apples

Vocabulary

大 dà - big
小 xiǎo - small
辣 là - spicy
熱 rè - hot/warm
涼 liáng - cold
甜 tián - sweet
還是 háishi - or
不 bù - not

Oral Activity

Translate and say the following sentences:

1. You want spicy or not spicy?

2. I want three bottles of cold water.
3. She wants to eat two bowls of very hot rice.
Lesson 14
Buy and Sell

The following words are helpful to understand better this lesson:

多少 duōshao - how much/how many

怎麼賣 zěnme mài - how much
賣 mài - to sell
快 kuài - unit of money = yuan
現金 xiànjīn - cash
刷卡shuā kǎ - card
再 zài - in addition
一共 yígòng - in total/altogether
錢 qián - money
斤 jīn - measure word = 1/2 kilo in traditional weight in China
给 gěi - to give
打折 dǎ zhé - discount
便宜 piányi - cheap
鬼 guì - expensive

Now, read the dialogue and try to understand the conversation:

Gūniang: nǐn yào shénme?

Dàwén: cǎoméi, duōshao qián yì jīn?
Gūniang: wǔ kuài qián yì jīn.

Dàwén: píngguǒ ne?

Gūniang: píngguǒ shíliù kuài qián yì hé.

Dàwén: wǒ yào sān jīn cǎoméi, liǎng hé píngguǒ

Gūniang: yígòng sìshí qī kuài , xiàjīn háishi shuā kǎ?
Dàwén: shuā kǎ.

Lesson 15
Directions

We begin in this lesson with this sample question:

請問銀行怎麼走?
Qǐng wén yínháng zěnme zǒu?

Excuse me, how can I get to the bank?

In asking how to get to a place, you follow the pattern: place + zěnme zǒu?

走 zǒu - to walk
To give direction, the following words are important to learn rst:

一直 yìzhí - straight, all along

fi
往 wǎng - towards
前 qián - front
北 běi - north
第 dì - indicating ordinal number
路口 lùkǒu - crossing, intersection
右 yòu - right side
拐 guǎi - to turn
左 zuǒ - left side
南 nán - south
對面 duìmiàn - opposite side
西 xī - west
東 dōng - east
就是 jiù shì - that’s it

To give an example of a direction:

Qǐng wén yínháng zěnme zǒu?

Dì-sān ge lùkǒu yòu guǎi, yìzhí wǎng qián zuǒ, zài zuǒ guǎi, nàge dà lóu jiù shì.

Take the third intersection on the right, continue straight ahead, then, turn left, that big
building, that’s it.

Vocabulary

樓 lóu - building
火車站 huǒchēzhàn - railway station
郵局 yóujú - post of ce
電影院 diànyǐngyuàn - cinema
醫院 yīyuàn - hospital
超市 chāoshì - supermarket
商店 shāngdiàn - shop/store
商場 shāngchǎng - mall
反觀人 fànguǎnr - restaurant
公園 gōngyuán - park
學校 xuéxiào - school
fi
地鐵站 dìtiězhàn - subway station
地鐵 dìtiě - subway
機場 jīchǎng - airport
高 dōng -east

Lesson 16
Means of Transport

The following are public transports in Chinese:

火車 huǒchē - train
公共汽車 gōnggòng qìchē - bus
自行車 zìxíngchē - bike
汽車 qìchē - automobile, car
出租車 chūzūchē - taxi, cab
飛機 fēijī - airplane
打車 dǎ chē - to take a taxi (to commute)

Other words related to transportation:

走路 zǒu lù - to walk
騎 qí - to ride
開車 kāi chē - to drive

Sample questions are:

你怎麼上班？
nǐ zěnme shàng bān?

How do you come to work?

怎麼去公園？
yéye zěnme qù gōngyuán?

How does my grandfather go to the park?

姐姐打算怎麼去機場？
jiějie dǎsuàn zěnme qù jīchǎng
And to answer these questions, you say:

我坐自行車上班
wǒ zuò zìxíngchē shàng bān.
I’ll come by bike going to work.

去走路公園
yéye qù zǒu lù gōngyuán.
My grandfather goes to park by walking.

姐姐騎出租車去機場
jiějie qí gōnggòng qìchē qù jīchǎng.
My sister will ride in a bus to go to the airport.