www.tvtc.gov.

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INSA 312
Basic Networks Systems Administration
Module 1

By Alhanouf Alsenan
Roaa Aldoweesh
Chapter1:

Creating and Managing Virtual Hard Disks, Virtual Machines, and Checkpoints

Lesson 1: Creating and configuring Virtual Hard Disks

Lesson 2: Creating and configuring Virtual Machines
Lesson 3: Installing and Importing Virtual Machines
Lesson 4: Managing Virtual Machines Checkpoints
Lesson 5: Monitoring Hyper-V
Lesson 6: Designing Virtual Machines for Server Roles and Services
 Virtual Hard Disk

Virtual Disk Drive – Similar to Physical hard drive installed in a virtual machine or
virtual server.

• A virtual hard drive contains file system.

• It can contain guest OS, applications and data.

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 Types of Virtual Hard Disk File Formats

1. Virtual Disk Images (VDI) – Oracle Virtual Box.

2. Virtual Machine Box (VMDK) – Vmware.

3. Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) – Microsoft and Citrix

• Limited to 2TB
• Compatible with all versions of Hyper-V, Virtual Serve.

4. Virtual Hard Disk (VHDX) – Microsoft

• Up to 64 TB
• Not backwards compatible

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 Classification of Virtual Hard Drive Files

1. Fixed: that claims the maximum possible amount of physical disk space at the
time of creation. For Ex: a 100 GB fixed length VHD file would initially
consume 100 GB of physical storage space.

2. Dynamic: consume very small amount of physical disk space – and grows as
data is added to virtual disk. 100 GB Maximum

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 Virtual Machines

A Virtual Machine (VM) is a compute resource that uses software instead of a physical
computer to run programs and deploy apps.

Virtual machines (VMs) allow a business to run an operating system that behaves like a
separate computer in an app window on a desktop.

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 Virtual Machines

➢ Two type of VM – the guest virtual machine and the host virtual machine.

❑ The host is the virtual machine host server; the underlying hardware that provides computing
resources, such as processing power, memory, disk and network I/O, and so on.

❑ The guest is a separate and independent instance of an operating system and application software.

Virtual machine has virtual hardware devices (VHD).

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 Virtual Machines

Guest Virtual Machine Host Virtual Machine

Guest: Virtual Machine Host: Physical Machine
The operating system running inside a The physical computer on which you
virtual machine is called guest operating install the Vmware server or Virtual Box
system Server software is called host computer
and its operating system is called host
operating system
Own operating system and the software The hardware which provides the
and information computing resources: memory, I/O to the
guest virtual machine

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 Hyper-V

• Hyper-V is a Microsoft Product that is used to accomplish hardware virtualization.

• Hardware virtualization provides a hypervisor layer that has direct access to the host server’s
hardware.

• That means each virtual machine runs on virtual hardware.

• Hyper-V allows you to create virtual hard disks as a part of a virtual machine or create them later and
add them to a VM.

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 Hyper-V

Virtualization platforms such Microsoft Hyper-V:

Benefit is installing a layer of abstraction between the host and guest.

Hypervisor : isolates each guest from another, enabling multiple guests to reside
and operate on the host simultaneously.

Hyper-V uses a specialized virtual hard disk (VHD) format to package part of
the space on a physical disk and make it appear to the virtual machine.

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 Hyper-V

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 Checkpoints
Checkpoints is creating a point in time image of a virtual machine which can be restored later.

▪ One of the great benefits to virtualization Hyper-V is the ability to easily save the state of a
virtual machine.

▪ Using checkpoints to revert virtual machines to a previous state

Windows 10 Hyper-V includes two types of checkpoints:

Standard Checkpoints: takes a snapshot of the virtual machine and virtual machine memory
state at the time the checkpoint is initiated. A snapshot is not a full backup and can cause data
consistency issues with systems that replicate data between different nodes such as Active
Directory.

Production Checkpoints: uses Volume Shadow Copy Service or File System Freeze on a Linux
virtual machine to create a data-consistent backup of the virtual machine. No snapshot of the
virtual machine memory state is taken.
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 Summary

A dynamic hard disk image is an image file with a specified maximum size, which starts out
small and expands as needed to accommodate the data the system writes to it.

A differencing hard disk image is a child image file associated with a specific parent image.
The system writes all changes made to the data on the parent image file to the child image,
to facilitate a rollback later.

VHDX image files in Windows Server 2012 can be as large as 64 TB, and they also support
4 KB logical sector sizes, to provide compatibility with new 4 KB native drives.

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Chapter2: LAP – Practical

Creating and Managing Virtual Hard Disks, Virtual Machines, and Checkpoints

In this demonstration, you will see how to:

A. Create and Managing Virtual Hard Disks and Virtual Machines.

B. Create and Managing Checkpoints and Monitoring Hyper-V
 LAP – Practical

LAP A : Create and Managing Virtual Hard Disks and Virtual Machines.
 LAP – Practical
Create Virtual Hard Disk (VHD)
LAP – Practical

Select partition
 LAP – Practical

Requirements for Hyper-V

• Windows 10 and Windows Server devices.

• 4GB is the minimum RAM required but depending on the guest operating
systems you plan to install in your VMs
Install Hyper-V (Windows Server 2016/2019)

▪ Install Hyper-V from Server Manager

1. On the home page, click Add roles and features

2. Click Next on the introductory screen.
3. Choose Role-based or feature-based installation.
4. On the Select destination server screen, you will change roles on the local serve click Next.
5. Check the Hyper-V role
6. When prompted, you can add the management tools as well. Click Cancel
7. On the Features page
8. You can now pick a physical Ethernet adapter to host a Hyper-V virtual switch. (skip this page).
9. You can choose the initial Live Migration security control.
10. Click Install when ready.
Skip
After install Hyper-V
 LAP – Practical

Create Virtual Machine (VM)

Step 1 - Click on Server Manager

Step 3 - Click on Tools button
Step 4 - Click on Hyper-V Manager
Step 5 - Click on New
Step 6 - Click on Virtual Machine
Step 7 - Click on Next
Step 9 - Choose Generation 2
Step 10 - Click on "Next“
Step 11 - Specify the amount of memory to allocate to the virtual machine and click on "Next".
Step 12 - Select appropriate “Virtual Switch” from the drop-down list.
Step 14 - Click on "Next".
Step 16 - Click on "Finish".
LAP – Practical
LAP – Practical
LAP – Practical
 LAP – Practical

Step 18 - New Virtual Machine (VM) will appear in Hyper-V, click on "Connect".
Step 19 - Click on "Start" button.
 LAP – Practical

LAP B : Create and Managing Checkpoints and Monitoring Hyper-V

After install Hyper-V
 LAP – Practical

To create a checkpoint:

Using Hyper-V Manager

1.In Hyper-V Manager, select the virtual machine.

2.Right-click the name of the virtual machine, and then click Checkpoint.
3.When the process is complete, the checkpoint will appear under Checkpoints in the Hyper-V Manager.
LAP – Practical
 LAP – Practical

To create a checkpoint:

Using Virtual-Box

• Once the machine is up and running click Machine → Take Snapshot.

• A new window will appear.
• Once the snapshot is taken, you can go back to work on the VM.
LAP – Practical
 LAP – Practical

Revert your virtual machine to a previous point-in-time

apply an existing checkpoint

Using Hyper-V Manager

1.In Hyper-V Manager, under Virtual Machines, select the virtual machine.
2.In the Checkpoints section, right-click the checkpoint that you want to use and click Apply.
3.A dialog box appears with the following options:
•Create Checkpoint and Apply: Creates a new checkpoint of the virtual machine before it applies the
earlier checkpoint.
•Apply: Applies only the checkpoint that you have chosen. You cannot undo this action.
•Cancel: Closes the dialog box without doing anything.
 LAP – Practical

Revert your virtual machine to a previous point-in-time

apply an existing checkpoint

Using Virtual-Box

1.Select the VM to work with from the left pane in the main window.
2.Click the Snapshots button in the upper right corner.
3.Right-click the snapshot you want to restore.
4.Click Restore Snapshot (see the Figure ).
5.In the resulting window, uncheck the box for Create A Snapshot Of The Current Machine State.
6.Click Restore.
7.Allow the restore to complete.
LAP – Practical
 LAP – Practical

For more Checkpoint details

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/hyper-v-on-windows/user-guide/checkpoints