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Assignment - 3 Psoc-Solution

The Economic Dispatch only considers demand-supply balance in aggregate and ignores effects of generation dispatch on transmission lines and voltages. The Optimal Power Flow considers demand-supply balance at each bus individually and incorporates power flow equations to find the minimum cost generation dispatch that satisfies network constraints.

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25 views6 pages

Assignment - 3 Psoc-Solution

The Economic Dispatch only considers demand-supply balance in aggregate and ignores effects of generation dispatch on transmission lines and voltages. The Optimal Power Flow considers demand-supply balance at each bus individually and incorporates power flow equations to find the minimum cost generation dispatch that satisfies network constraints.

Uploaded by

hassanraza15888
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PROBLEM 1 [CLO2] [15 Points]

What are the limitations of the Economic Dispatch (ED)? How does the Optimal Power Flow (OPF)
cater to the Economic Dispatch's limitations? [5 Points]

Reference: lecture 14, slides 4-9


Limitations of ED:
The demand-supply balance is in aggregate for the entire system. This means ED lumps all the power
network effects into the losses and total load demand. The effect of dispatch of generation on the
loading of transmission branches and bus voltages is also ignored by the ED. However, the effect of
dispatch of generation does affect the flow of power through transmission lines which must be catered
under congestion.
The limitations of the ED can be catered through optimal power flow by considering the load flow
equations as demand-supply balance equations in the ED. This is because the demand-supply balance
is affected at each bus individually (not for the aggregate system). The optimum solution yields a set
of generation variables that minimize costs while satisfying the physical laws of the flow of
electricity. Moreover, the goal of OPF is to find out the active and reactive power dispatch of every
generating unit in a power system that is needed to supply all loads at a minimum cost while
satisfying network and technical constraints (voltage magnitudes and line capacities).

What are the approaches to considering the transmission losses in the optimal power flow?
Differentiate them from each other. [5 Points]

Reference: lecture 14, slide 10.


Two general approaches to the solution of the problem with losses:

Loss-Formula Method
A mathematical expression for the losses in the network solely as a function of the power output of
each of the units.

Optimal Power Flow


The incorporation of the power flow equations as essential constraints in the formal establishment of
the optimization problem.

Difference
The loss-Formula method considers losses as the function of the output power of the generators,
whereas the optimal power flow method imposes constraints on the transmission lines by
incorporating the power flow equations and provides a solution to the optimization problem.

Differentiate ACOPF from DCPF and DCOPF. [5 Points]


Reference: lectures 15(slides 12) and 17 (slides 4,5).
Q2

Q3

Lagrangian Method

# %% Question 3
a = np.matrix([[0.008,0,0,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,0,0],
[0,0.005,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0,0,0,1750,-1000,-500,-250,0,1000],
[0,0,0,0,0,0,-1000,1500,0,-500,0,-1000],
[0,0,0,0,0,0,-500,0,1500,-1000,1,0],
[0,0,0,0,0,0,-250,-500,-1000,1750,0,0],
[-1,0,1750,-1000,-500,-250,0,0,0,0,0,0],
[0,0,-1000,1500,0,-500,0,0,0,0,0,0],
[0,-1,-500,0,1500,-1000,0,0,0,0,0,0],
[0,0,-250,-500,-1000,1750,0,0,0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
[0,0,1000,-1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]])

at = np.matmul(a.T,a)
invrse_a = np.linalg.inv(at)*a.T

#invrse_a = np.linalg.inv(a)
print(invrse_a)
# %%
b = np.matrix([[-7.2],
[-6],
[0],
[0],
[0],
[0],
[-50],
[-200],
[0],
[-200],
[0],
[160]])

# %%
x = np.matmul(invrse_a, b)

print(x)

answer
[[ 1.59999999e+02]
[ 2.90000000e+02]
[-1.40000000e-01]
[-3.00000000e-01]
[ 1.25814914e-10]
[-2.20000000e-01]
[ 8.48000002e+00]
[ 5.13249987e+00]
[ 7.44999998e+00]
[ 6.93499995e+00]
[-6.78144025e-11]
[-4.24875020e+00]]
Q4-part a

Q4-part b

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