C A R I B B E A N E X A M I N A T I O N S C O U N C I L

CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATIONS®

PHYSICS

UNIT 2 – Paper 02

MAY/JUNE 2021

MARK SCHEME
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Question 1.

KC UK XS
(a) (i)  Connect battery to metal plates 1 mark
 Include a resistor in the circuit OR wait several
seconds (approx. 1 minute) 1 mark
 Disconnect battery OR open the circuit 1 mark

N.B. 2 marks can be awarded for correct circuit 3

drawn as this will take into consideration steps 1
and 2

1 mark for EACH step in the procedure described

(ii)  Positive battery terminal attracts electrons

from one plate OR electrons flow from plate to
the positive terminal of the battery 1 mark and
negative terminal repels electrons to other
3
plate 1 mark.
 Charge build-up continues until potential
difference between plates is equal to the battery
voltage 1 mark.

(b) See graph on page 3

Labelled Axes with the units & quantities 1 mark 4

Appropriate Scale for spread & plotting ease 1 mark
All points plotted accurately 1 mark
Smooth curve [no straight line segments/waviness in
the curve] 1 mark

(c) (i) 1/e = 0.37 (SOI)

Current after 1 time constant = 0.37 × 17 μA 1 mark
substitution
= 6.29 μA 1 mark
3 1
OR 17/e = 6.25
Time constant = 6 seconds (read off from graph)
2 marks; 1 mark answer; 1 mark unit)
N.B. Accept value read off from graph
(alternative answer on next page)
OR Tangent to curve at initial point of discharge
is drawn:
1 mark tangent drawn at the correct point
1 mark read off of x-axis intercept
Range of values 5.7 – 6.3 seconds

(maximum of 2 marks awarded)

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(ii) ⸫ τ = RC = 6 seconds 1 mark

C = 6/R SOI
C = 6/106 = 6 μF 1 mark 2
Note the time constant from c(i) must be brought
forward to this part

(iii) Initial capacitor voltage = I × R 1 mark

= 17 x 10-6 × 106 = 17 V
1 mark

Initial charge, Q = CV 1 mark

= 6 × 10-6 × 17 1 mark
5
= 102 μC 1 mark

OR Q = CIR (2 marks formula)

= 6 x 10-6 x 17 x 10-6 x 1 x 106
(2 marks substn)
= 102µC] (1 mark ans)

OR Q = Q0e-t/RC
= CV0e-0/RC 2 marks formula
= CIR
= 6 x 10-6 x 17 x 10-6 x 1 x 106
(2 marks substn)
= 102µC] (1 mark ans)
 -4-

Question 1. cont’d

(b)
 -5-

Question 1. cont’d

KC UK XS
(iv) C = εε0A/d 1 mark formula SOI

6 × 10-6 = 450 × 8.85 × 10-12 × A/0.5 × 10-3 1 mark

conversion, 1 mark substitution

A = (0.5 × 10-3 × 6.0 × 10-6)/ (450 × 8.85 × 10-12) 5

1 mark
A = 0.75 m2 1 mark

(d) E = F/Q OR F = QE Force F experienced by a charge Q in

a field of strength E 1 mark formula

V = W/Q 1 mark formula

= Fd/Q 1 mark

Work per unit charge in moving Q a distance d

4
Since E = F/Q, then V = Ed

And E = V/d 1 mark rearranging and substituting

NB no mark will be awarded for the final formula

without the derivation

OR any other correct derivation (calculus) will be

awarded the full 4 marks

10 15 5
 -6-

Question 2.

KC UK XS
(a) Property Manifestation

Infinite input  No input current can

impedance/resistance flow into the input
terminals of the op-amp
 OR Zero input current
 OR Negligible current
Infinite open-loop gain  Voltage on the input
OR terminals must be zero
 OR voltage at both
Infinite voltage gain input terminals must be
the same.
 OR zero differential
voltage 6
Zero output impedance  Output voltage will be
independent of load
 OR the output voltage
of the amplifier is
always a certain value
 OR no energy loss
 OR no power loss
Infinite bandwidth  Ideal op-amp treats all
frequencies the same.
 OR amplify the input
signal of any frequency
with the same gain.
Infinite slew rate  Changes in the output
voltage occur immediately
when the input voltage
changes

1 KC mark each for any THREE properties

1 KC mark each for any THREE manifestations

 -7-

(b) (i)

OR

Correct circuit arrangement (1)

Proper labelling (i.e. V0,Vi,RF,R2)………………………….(1)

NB. Any other suitable/correct representation of

the non-inverting amplifier circuit should be
accepted.

(ii) Vin = V1 = {R2/ (R1 + R2)}Vout …………………….(1)

Vout/Vin = (R1 + R2)/R2 ……………………………………….(1) OR 2

(Vout/Vin = (1 + R1/R2) OR A = (1 + R1/R2)

(iii) For gain of 11, choosing R2 = 1 kΩ

Hence R1 = 10 kΩ

1 UK for any pair of values that satisfy the

2
equation

1 UK mark for values which are realistic/practical

(Practical resistor values MUST be in the kΩ
range)
 -8-

Question 2. cont’d

KC UK XS

(iv) See graph below

 Graph with correct shape (1mk) 3

NB. Sine and square wave form for the output MUST
NOT be accepted

 Maximum (+ 10 V) and minimum (- 10 V) (1mk)

 Saturation and clipping indicated (spread:
no more than 4 squares on the graph grid)
(1mk)

(v) Value of output at t = 2 ms is +6.6 V (1 XS for

read off) Accept values from +6.2 V to +7.0 V

Value of output at t = 14 ms is – 10 V (1 XS for

2
read off)

(c) (i)

Vin3 Vin2 Vin1 Output

Voltage/Vout

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 1.0 – 1.0

0.0 1.0 0.0 – 2.0

0.0 1.0 1.0 – 3.0

1.0 0.0 0.0 – 4.0

1.0 0.0 1.0 – 5.0 8

1.0 1.0 0.0 – 6.0

1.0 1.0 1.0 – 7.0

6 marks for all 8 input values correctly given

 5mks for 7 correct responses

 4mks for 6 correct responses
 3mks for 5 correct responses
 2mks for 4 correct responses
 -9-

 1mk for 3 correct responses

 0mk for <3 correct responses
2 marks for output values

 7 or 8 correct (2 mks)
 5 or 6 correct (1 mk)
 4 or less correct (0 mk)

 SEQUENCE DOES NOT MATTER BUT OUTPUT MUST ALIGN

WITH STATED INPUT
 IGNORE SIGNS IN THE OUTPUT

(ii) Require Vout/Vin1 = 1 = RF/R1

RF = R1 (OR full summing equation)(1mk)

Require Vout/Vin2 = 2 = RF/R2 (e.g. R2 = 15 K) (1mk)

RF = 2 R 2 4

Require Vout/Vin3= 4 = RF/R3 (e.g. R3 = 7.5 KΩ)(1mk)

RF = 4 R 3

All ratios correct and resistor values in KΩ,(1mk)

(iii) The major disadvantage is that conversion accuracy

depends on the accuracy of the resistors (1) 1

10 15 5
 - 10 -

Question 2. cont’d

(b) (iv)
 - 11 -

Question 3.

KC UK XS
(a) (i)
x/mm 0.2 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.6
R/s-1 1000 549 295 158 89 46 29
log10R 3.00 2.74 2.47 2.20 1.95 1.66 1.46 2

All values correct, (2 marks)

-1 mark for an incorrect entry
-1 mark for error in no. of sig. fig

(ii) See graph on page 9

3
Appropriate Scale (1) spread (2/3 of the page) &
ease of plotting
All points plotted accurately (1)
Line of best fit (1)

(iii) When x = 2.8, log10R = (1.28 – 1.30) (1 XS for

extrapolating the line; 1 XS for read-off from
graph) 2
1
Taking anti-logs then count rate R = 19 OR award
mark based the student’s line of best fit (1)

(iv) Background radiation from natural and man-made

sources may trigger false counts (1). Contribution
of background radiation is usually small but likely
to be significant at low count rates (1) OR any 2
reasonable explanation for why the low counts rates
may be low.

(b) (i)
UV light/Light of a suitable wavelength or frequency
(1) illuminates the cathode/metal surface and
ejects photoelectrons (1). [The ejected
photoelectrons have a range of energies (speeds)].
4
Stopping potential is the minimum reverse voltage
(1) which must be applied between the plates to
completely stop the flow of electrons with the
maximum KE (1) from the cathode.
 - 12 -

(ii) 1
2
mvmax2 = eVs (1)
2eVs
vmax2 = m
(1)
3
2eVs
vmax = √ (1)
m

(iii) × 1.6 × 10-19 × 0.3

√2 (1) correct substn
9.11 × 10-31
2
= 3.2 × 105 ms-1 (1)correct answer

(a) (ii)
 - 13 -

Question 3. cont’d

KC UK XS
(c) (i) Radiocarbon dating

 Determine the activity in a present-day

sample, A0 (1)
 Determine the activity in a sample of the
ancient organic matter, At (1) 4
 Determine ratio of C-14 to C-12 in ancient
sample compared to present day sample (1)
OR At = A0e-λt
 Result of comparison used to yield age of
ancient sample (1).

(ii) T1/2 = 0.693/λ (1) OR ln 2/λ (recall of equation)

0.693
= 3.84 × 10-12
seconds (1) substn

0.693 4
= 3.84 × 10-12 × 3600 × 24 × 365
years (1 for
conversion)

= 5 723 years (1) Correct answer

(iii) dN/dt = - λN (1) (recall of equation)

6.02 × 1023
N = SOI
1012

3
6.02 × 1023
dN/dt = 3.84 × 10-12 × 10 12 (1) Substn

= 2.31 Bq (1) Correct answer

10 15 5