MASTA 2015 (Micro-Satellite Technology)

Team Pilot Project Final Poster

TP Group Advisor: Dr. Wang Xinsheng

THERMAL CONTROL SUBSYSTEM (TCS)

Submitted by: Fatih Avcı

PURPOSE OF THERMAL CONTROL ENVIRONMENT

T he purpose of the satellite’s

thermal control is to maintain
ed in table. However, to take into
account the modeling assump- PASSIVE THERMAL DESIGN
each equipment within its spec-
ified temperature range with re-
tion errors and uncertainties of
the thermal physical properties, a P assive thermal control re-
quires no input power for
thermal regulation within a
quired margins during all phases thermal uncertainty margin of 5 C
of the mission. The temperature shall be included in all analyses so spacecraft. This can be achieved
ranges that QY-1 Project’s ther- that the maximum or minimum using several methods and is
mal control must maintain during predicted flight temperatures highly advantageous to space-
the operating mode are abstract- could be determined. craft designers, especially for the
cubesat form factor, as passive
Operating Temperature Survival Temperature thermal control systems are as- THE SUN
T
Component
Minimum (°C) Maximum (°C) Minimum (°C) Maximum (°C) sociated with low cost, volume, he Earth’s orbit is slightly eccentric, the
2U CubeSat Structure -40 150 -47 155
Solar Panels 2U Side -55 150 -60 155
weight and risk, and have been solar heat flux, Is ,varies from 1322 W/
Solar Panels 1U Side -55 150 -60 155 shown to be reliable. The inte- m2 to 1414 W/m2. This variation should be
Battery board 0 50 -5 55 gration of Multi-Layer Insula- kept in mind when analyzing the hot and
EPS board -40 85 -45 90 tion (MLI), thermal coating,
Magnetometer -35 75 -40 80
cold cases. The orbital parameter of largest
IMU + GPS -40 80 -45 85
heat pipes, and sunshades are effect on the thermal environment is the
Magnetorquer board -40 70 -45 75 examples of passive methods Beta Angle.
Camera 0 60 -5 65 to achieve thermal balance in a
Transceiver board -20 50 -25 55
spacecraft.
Antenna -30 70 -35 75
OBC board -25 60 -30 65
EARTH ALBEDO
Our CubeSat has approximately 80% solar panels. For the
Spectrometer -20 40 -25 45 rest, we will use thermal coating.

E arth albedo is sunlight that is reflected off of the

clouds, land, ice and water. Typical earth albedo
is 30%-50%, but it can be very different depending on
conservative (high) estimate is ρalbedo=0.5 for a hot
case. At high Beta Angles, albedo is small, and at low
Beta Angles albedo is high, so it has a moderating effect
where the spacecraft is over the earth, since it is strongly on spacecraft average temperature.
THERMAL DESIGN affected by the local environment.
This reflection factor can be looked up in tables, but a
Mean Duration Orbit Mean Duration This orbit is considered a Low Earth Orbit, so
Period
Using Drag Sail Orbit without Drag Sail an important thing to take in mind is that IR EARTH RADIATION
T
earth and albedo fluxes will be not negligible his parameter is also very dependent on the local tabase linked above for albedo data also has a data set
Sunlight 3366.328 sec 3115.831 sec
and they will produce a relatively influence in conditions directly below the spacecraft. A hot des- for earth IR. Using this database you may be able to cre-
Penumbra 8.767 sec 8.708 sec BUSAT-1. The duration of the eclipse will be
ert will radiate far more heat to the spacecraft than a ate a more accurate model for the earth IR. Since Earth
Umbra 2105.894 sec 2156.962 sec around 38% of the total orbit period.
cool glacier or icecap. IR is higher at the equator than the poles, a high earth
Total 5489.756 sec 5290.209 sec Our satellite’s period (mean) = 5456.498 sec (90.94 min) Typical earth radiation is between 218 W/m2 and 244 IR flux is not found with high Beta orbits.
Umbra (mean) = 2114.405 sec (35.24 min)
W/m2, with equatorial orbits generally having higher
heat fluxes and polar orbits having lower ones. The da-

TEMPERATURE MODEL

The Beta Angle will change from season to season depending upon orbit parameters, but
determining the maximum and minimum Beta Angle is fairly straightforward. Most satellite
orbits are fixed with respect to the sun, so during the earth year, the orientation of the orbit
with respect to the sunlight on the earth changes.
POINTING
Axis Pointing
+Z Velocity
-Z Anti-velocity
+X Normal to Orbit • Temperature Model for QY-1_Sail
+Y Normal to Orbit
•
The panels that receive more indicent solar flux are the • Solar Flux at 1 AU = 1365.078 W/m^2
panels located at +Z and –Z, respectively, Bottom panel. As
in this analysis, spin has not been considered some lateral
• Earth Albedo = 0.340
panels may be never illuminated by the Sun. It is the case of • Cross sectional Area = 0.100 m^2
–X panel. Time of eclipse is approximately 38% of the total
orbit period. • Material Emissivity = 0.924
• Material Absorptivity = 0.248
The panel that receives more IR Earth Power is –Y Panel, • Plate Normal Vector = Sun (based on Satellite/QY-1_Sail)
as for the attitude proposed, is facing to Nadir. The rest of
the panels, are receiving the same flux quantity, around • Temperature range = -80 C to +22 C
100W/m2, except +Y panel
that is facing to Zenith. Earth flux is constant along the
orbit, as the relative position between satellite and Earth
does not change.

Orbit altitude also plays a large role in determining the

thermal environment, such as the eclipse period in the
shadow of the earth, and direct thermal effects from the
earth.

After stabilization, QY-1 Satellite

External Geometrical Thermal Nodes have the temperature range
Panel Solar Cell Black Thermo-Optical Thermal Nodes
(%) Coating (%) Properties between 6 0C and 29 0C.
Alpha Epsilon
External +X 80 20 0.72 0.8 100
Solar Cell Surface: 80% 1
The analysis report shows that the
External -X 80 20 0.72 0.8 100
Black Coating surface: 20% 1
External +Y 80 20 0.72 0.8 100 passive thermal control keeps all
With this value, the equivalent thermo-optical properties 1
components in a comfortable
can be calculates as: External -Y 80 20 0.72 0.8 100
1
temperature range during the orbit
Side Panel = 0.80 x Solar Cell + 0.20 x Black Coating External -Z 80 20 0.72 0.8 100
1 mission.