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ASCE 7-16 Ground-motion Scaling Procedure For Nonlinear Analysis

Of Buildings In Comparison With ASCE 7-10 And ASCE 7-05

Presentation · August 2019

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.25787.98082

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ASCE 7-16 Ground-motion Scaling Procedure
For Nonlinear Analysis Of Buildings
In Comparison With ASCE 7-10 And ASCE 7-05

Reza Siami Kaleybar

Master’s Student at Amirkabir university of technology
 1- Differences Between ASCE 7-16, ASCE 7-10 And ASCE 7-05

An important difference between ASCE 7-16 or ASCE 7-10 with ASCE 7-05 is the
definition of the response spectrum for horizontal shaking. In ASCE/SEI 7-05, the
spectrum is the geometric mean of the two horizontal components. In ASCE 7-16 and
ASCE 7-10, the spectrum is defined as the maximum rotated component, where the
ratio of maximum to geometric mean spectral demand can be taken as 1.1 at 0.2
second and 1.3 at 1.0 second. Huang et al. (2008a, 2010) provide the technical basis
for these multipliers.
 1- Differences Between ASCE 7-16, ASCE 7-10 And ASCE 7-05

Amplitude Scaling Criteria’s in American Standards

Code Requirements for Amplitude Period Range Minimum Number

Method Adopted
Edition Scaling of Scaling of Ground Motion

Average of SRSS spectra ≥ 1.3

ASCE 7-05 SRSS 0.2T - 1.5T 3
times design response spectra

Average of SRSS spectra ≥ design

ASCE 7-10 SRSS 0.2T - 1.5T 3
response spectra

Maximum Average spectrum does not fall

ASCE 7-16 directional below 90% of the target 0.2T - 2T 11
spectrum spectrum

* The SRSS combination of horizontal components produces spectral response that is approximately equal to maximum response.
 2- Definitions: The Geometric Mean Of The Two Horizontal Components
And The Maximum Rotated Component
Geometric Mean Definition: Computation of GeoMean is the square root of the
product of x and y axis response.
Geometric Mean; 𝑮𝑴 = 𝑹𝑺(𝑯𝟏 ) × 𝑹𝑺(𝑯𝟐 )

Example:

𝑆𝐴𝑥,𝑚𝑎𝑥 ≅ 0.031g
𝑆𝐴𝑦,𝑚𝑎𝑥 ≅ 0.014g

𝑮𝑴 = 𝑹𝑺 𝑯𝟏 × 𝑹𝑺 𝑯𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟏𝒈 × 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟒𝒈
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟎𝟗𝒈
 2- Definitions: The Geometric Mean Of The Two Horizontal Components
And The Maximum Rotated Component
Maximum Rotated Component Definition: is orientation-independent measures of
ground motion. Maximum direction solves the problem of geometric mean which is
an aleatory uncertainty in ground motion prediction equations. The maximum
direction is computed as the maximum of vector sum.

*Maximum Direction Computation:

1. Compute time series of the as recorded horizontal component of the ground
motion.
Osc1 ( t, T, ξ, θ ) and Osc2 ( t, T, ξ, θ ) where T is the period, t is time, ξ is the d amping ratio and θ is the
rotation angle.
2. Rotate the time series from θ = 0 to 90
Osc1(t, θ) = Osc1(t,0)*cos(θ) + Osc2(t,0)*sin(θ)
Osc2(t, θ)= -Osc1(t,0)*sin(θ) + Osc2(t,0)*cos(θ)
 2- Definitions: The Geometric Mean Of The Two Horizontal Components
And The Maximum Rotated Component
3. Find the largest absolute amplitude of each time series; which is the response
spectral values for the period of interest.
4. Compute the maximum of vector sum of the two response spectra for the rotated
time series.
MaxDir =𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝑺𝑨𝒓𝒐𝒕𝟐𝒙 × 𝑺𝑨𝒓𝒐𝒕𝟐𝒚
Orientation independent measures are systematically larger than the geometric mean
response spectra. The theoretical advantage of the new measures is that they remove
sensor orientation as a contributor to aleatory uncertainty.
 2- Definitions: The Geometric Mean Of The Two Horizontal Components
And The Maximum Rotated Component
Example:
2- Definitions: The Geometric Mean Of The Two Horizontal Components
And The Maximum Rotated Component
 2- Definitions: The Geometric Mean Of The Two Horizontal Components
And The Maximum Rotated Component

* RotDnn definition:

RotD50 = 50 percentile (Geometric Mean)

RotD100 = max (Maximum Rotated Component)
RotD00 = min
 2- Definitions: The Geometric Mean Of The Two Horizontal Components
And The Maximum Rotated Component
Maximum Direction Conversion:
2- Definitions: The Geometric Mean Of The Two Horizontal Components
And The Maximum Rotated Component
2- Definitions: The Geometric Mean Of The Two Horizontal Components
And The Maximum Rotated Component
 3- Downloading ground motion sets from PEER
The PEER Ground Motion Database – Beta Version is an interactive web based
application that allows the user to select sets of strong ground motion acceleration
time series. For accessing the data, you should sign up or sign in.
https://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/

1
1
 3- Downloading ground motion sets from PEER

You can choose between NGA West 2 or NGA East due to your purpose.
 3- Downloading ground motion sets from PEER
If you want to select and download the records without scaling, choose “ No Scaling”.
(It is better if you do it by yourself)
3-C

3-A

3-B

3
 3- Downloading ground motion sets from PEER
3-A

*Main Search Engine allows users to search according to specified NGA sequence
numbers, event name, or station name.
*NGA sequence number (RSN) is a unique number assigned to each pair of Fault
Normal (FN) / Fault Parallel (FP) records in the NGA flatfile. The NGA sequence number
should be positive numbers.
 3-B

3- Downloading ground motion sets from PEER

You can filter your search by parameters that are

shown in the figure. (Optional)
 3- Downloading ground motion sets from PEER

3-B
 3- Downloading ground motion sets from PEER
3-C

Uses in ASCE 7-10 and ASCE 7-05 for scaling ground motion sets 𝑆𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑆𝑎𝑦2

Uses in ASCE 7-16 for scaling ground motion sets( maximum direction spectra)

The definition of these is s𝐚𝐦𝐞 (𝑮𝑴 = 𝑹𝑺 𝑯𝟏 × 𝑹𝑺 𝑯𝟐 )

Horizontal components of motion

Vertical component of motion
 3- Downloading ground motion sets from PEER
After you click the “ Search records” a page like below will open: (records are for ASCE 7-16 (Max Dir Spectra))

Maximum direction spectra

RSN

Maximum direction spectra

4
3- Downloading ground motion sets from PEER
Definitions: AT2 : Acceleration Time File
DT2 : Displacement Time File
VT2 : Velocity Time File

* Open Excel File: You can find

maxmimum direction spectrum
Sa(g) per Period in rows 46 to
Open this file
Maximum direction spectrum 157 – column E
RotD100 Sa(g)

Horizontal

RSN=947

Vertical 7

5 6
 4- Get seismic design parameter values from USGS

The USGS collaborates with organizations that develop building codes (for buildings,
bridges, and other structures) to make seismic design parameter values available to
engineers. The design code developers first decide how USGS earthquake hazard
information should be applied in design practice. Then, the USGS calculates values of
seismic design parameters based on USGS hazard values and in accordance with design
code procedures.
To getting seismic parameters of a Location, you can use this link:
https://earthquake.usgs.gov/hazards/designmaps/
4- Get seismic design parameter values from USGS

Open this link

4- Get seismic design parameter values from USGS

Search your location

 4- Get seismic design parameter values from USGS

Select Proper items according to your location

 4- Get seismic design parameter values from USGS
Now you can see your needed parameters:
5- ASCE 7-16 Ground-Motion Scaling Procedure
5- ASCE 7-16 Ground-Motion Scaling Procedure
 5- ASCE 7-16 Ground-Motion Scaling Procedure

T<To

USGS
To<T<Ts

Ts<T<TL

T>TL
 5- ASCE 7-16 Ground-Motion Scaling Procedure
Each ground motion shall be scaled, with an identical scale factor applied to both
horizontal components, such that the average of the maximum-direction spectra from all
the ground motions generally matches or exceeds the target response spectrum. For
example:
RotD100 Sa(g)
(maximum direction spectra of Northridge)

Scale Factor

All components of
these files should
multiply with
the scale factor 5.
 5- ASCE 7-16 Ground-Motion Scaling Procedure
We should scale eleven maximum direction spectra ( RotD100 Sa(g) ) with target response
spectrum (Design Response Spectrum or MCE Spectrum) that the average of the maximum-
direction spectra from all the ground motions generally matches or exceeds the target
response spectrum over the period range of 0.2T to 2T. the average of the maximum-
direction spectra from all the ground motions shall not fall below 90% of the target
response for any period within the same period range.
Maximum Direction Spectra of One motion The black line shows the average of eleven maximum direction spectra that
Almost is matched with the target spectrum.

Target spectrum
 References
Haselton, C.B., Whittaker, A.S., Hortacsu, A., Baker, J.W., Bray, J. and Grant, D.N., 2012, September. Selecting and scaling earthquake ground motions
for performing response history analyses. In Proceedings of the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (pp. 4207-4217). Earthquake
Engineering Research Institute.
Baker, J.W. and Cornell, C.A., 2006. Which spectral acceleration are you using?. Earthquake Spectra, 22(2), pp.293-312.
Reyes, J.C., González, C. and Kalkan, E., 2018. Improved ASCE/SEI 7-10 Ground-Motion Scaling Procedure for Nonlinear Analysis of Buildings. Journal of
Earthquake Engineering, pp.1-24.
Mulchandani, H.K., Muthukumar, G. and Bansal, S., 2018. Ground Motion Selection and Scaling using ASCE 7-16, Case Study on Town Alipur in Delhi
Region.
채성민, 2014. Maximum Direction Spectrum and Ductility Demand for Earthquakes in a Stable Continental Region (Doctoral dissertation, 서울대학교
대학원).
Stewart, J.P., Abrahamson, N.A., Atkinson, G.M., Baker, J.W., Boore, D.M., Bozorgnia, Y., Campbell, K.W., Comartin, C.D., Idriss, I.M., Lew, M. and
Mehrain, M., 2011. Representation of bidirectional ground motions for design spectra in building codes. Earthquake Spectra, 27(3), pp.927-937.
Grant, D.N., 2010. Response spectral matching of two horizontal ground-motion components. Journal of Structural Engineering, 137(3), pp.289-297.
Hachem, M.M., Mathias, N.J., Wang, Y.Y., Fajfar, P., Tsai, K.C., Ingham, J., Oyarzo Vera, C. and Lee, S., 2010. An international comparison of ground
motion selection criteria for seismic design. In Joint IABSE-fib Conference on codes in structural engineering: Developments and Needs for
International Practice.
Frankel, A.D., Mueller, C.S., Barnhard, T.P., Leyendecker, E.V., Wesson, R.L., Harmsen, S.C., Klein, F.W., Perkins, D.M., Dickman, N.C., Hanson, S.L. and
Hopper, M.G., 2000. USGS national seismic hazard maps. Earthquake spectra, 16(1), pp.1-19.
Leyendecker, E.V., Hunt, R.J., Frankel, A.D. and Rukstales, K.S., 2000. Development of maximum considered earthquake ground motion maps.
Earthquake Spectra, 16(1), pp.21-40.
Huang, Y.N., Whittaker, A.S. and Luco, N., 2007. Maximum and geometric-mean spectral demands in the near-fault region. In Proceedings.
Bozorgnia, Y., Abrahamson, N.A., Atik, L.A., Ancheta, T.D., Atkinson, G.M., Baker, J.W., Baltay, A., Boore, D.M., Campbell, K.W., Chiou, B.S.J. and
Darragh, R., 2014. NGA-West2 research project. Earthquake Spectra, 30(3), pp.973-987.
Ancheta, T.D., Darragh, R.B., Stewart, J.P., Seyhan, E., Silva, W.J., Chiou, B.S.J., Wooddell, K.E., Graves, R.W., Kottke, A.R., Boore, D.M. and Kishida, T.,
2014. NGA-West2 database. Earthquake Spectra, 30(3), pp.989-1005.
 References:
Petersen, M.D., Frankel, A.D., Harmsen, S.C., Mueller, C.S., Haller, K.M., Wheeler, R.L., Wesson, R.L., Zeng, Y., Boyd, O.S., Perkins, D.M. and Luco, N.,
2008. Documentation for the 2008 update of the United States national seismic hazard maps (No. 2008-1128). Geological Survey (US).
Huang, Y.N., Whittaker, A.S. and Luco, N., 2009. Orientation of maximum spectral demand in the near-fault region. Earthquake Spectra, 25(3), pp.707-
717.
Luco, N., Valley, M. and Crouse, C., 2009. Earthquake ground motion. NEHRP Recommended Seismic Provisions.
Center, P.E.E.R., 2011. Users Manual for the PEER Ground Motion Database Web Application. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center.
Baker, J.W., Haselton, C.B., Luco, N., Stewart, J.P. and Zimmerman, R.B., 2015. Updated ground motion spectral matching requirements in the 2015
NEHRP Recommended Seismic Provisions.
Whittaker, A., Atkinson, G., Baker, J., Bray, J., Grant, D., Hamburger, R., Haselton, C. and Somerville, P., 2011. Selecting and scaling earthquake ground
motions for performing response-history analyses (No. Grant/Contract Reports (NISTGCR)-11-917-15).
Shahi, S.K. and Baker, J.W., 2014. NGA-West2 models for ground motion directionality. Earthquake Spectra, 30(3), pp.1285-1300.
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Mehrain, M., 2011. Representation of bidirectional ground motions for design spectra in building codes. Earthquake Spectra, 27(3), pp.927-937.
Hazirbaba, Y.D., Tezcan, J. and Cheng, Q., Maximum direction to geometric mean spectral response ratios using the Relevance Vector Machine.
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Committee. (2016). Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures. American Society of Civil Engineers.
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