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Problem Set

The document contains 5 examples of integrals with steps shown for solving each one. The integrals involve techniques such as u-substitution, partial fractions, trigonometric substitution and integrating rational functions. Solutions or answers are provided for each integral.

Uploaded by

Lester Yao
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
19 views5 pages

Problem Set

The document contains 5 examples of integrals with steps shown for solving each one. The integrals involve techniques such as u-substitution, partial fractions, trigonometric substitution and integrating rational functions. Solutions or answers are provided for each integral.

Uploaded by

Lester Yao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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𝟐𝒙𝟑 𝒅𝒙

𝟏. ∫ 𝟐
𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑

2𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 5𝑥 − 6
∫ 2
= ∫ (𝑥 + 2 + 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
2𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 3 2𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 3
5𝑥−6
= ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2𝑥 2−4𝑥+3 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 5𝑥−6
= + 2𝑥 + ∫ 2𝑥 2−4𝑥+3 𝑑𝑥
2

5𝑥 − 6 𝐴(4𝑥 − 4) + 𝐵
∫ 𝑑𝑥 =
2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3

5𝑥 − 6 𝐴(4𝑥 − 4) + 𝐵 2
[ = ] 2𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 3
2𝑥2 − 4𝑥 + 3 2𝑥2 − 4𝑥 + 3

5𝑥 − 6 = 𝐴(4𝑥 − 4) + 𝐵
Coefficient:
𝑥1 : 5 = 4𝐴
𝑥0 : −6 = −4𝐴 + 𝐵
5
𝐴= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = −1
4

5 4𝑥 − 4 𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 2
4 2𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 3 2𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 3
5 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑙𝑛 |2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3| − ∫ 2
4 2𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 3

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ 2𝑥 2−4𝑥+3 = ∫ 2(𝑥 2−2𝑥+1)+3−1(2) = ∫ (2(𝑥−1)2+1
𝑎 = 1 , 𝑢 = √2(𝑥 − 1)
𝑙𝑒𝑡 √2(𝑥 − 1) = tan 𝜃
√2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃

√2(𝑥 − 1)2 + 1 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃


√2(𝑥 − 1)

1
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃
√2 1 1 1
∫ 2
= ∫ 𝑑𝜃 = 𝜃= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 (√2(𝑥 − 1))
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 √2 √2 √2

Answer:
𝑥2 5 1
+ 2𝑥 + 𝑙𝑛 |2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3| − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 (√2(𝑥 − 1)) + 𝐶
2 4 √2

𝟐. ∫ 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝟒 𝟑𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟓 𝟑𝒙 𝒅𝒙
= ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 3𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 5 3𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 3𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 3𝑥) ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 5 3𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 3𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫(𝑐𝑜𝑡 5 3𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 7 3𝑥) 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 3𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 3𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = −3 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
= − 3 ∫(𝑢 5 + 𝑢 7 )𝑑𝑢
1 𝑢6 𝑢8
= −3(6 + )+𝐶
8
1 𝑐𝑜𝑡 6 3𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 8
= −3( + )+𝐶
6 8
𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟔 𝟑𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟖
= −𝟔( + )+𝑪
𝟑 𝟒

𝟑. ∫ 𝒙 𝒍𝒏𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
𝑥2
𝑣 = 𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑣 =
2

∫ 𝒖𝒅𝒗 = 𝒖𝒗 − ∫ 𝒗𝒅𝒖

𝑥 2 𝑙𝑛2 𝑥 𝑥2 2𝑙𝑛𝑥
= − ∫( ) ∗ ( ) 𝑑𝑥
2 2 𝑥
𝑥 𝑙𝑛2 𝑥
2
= − ∫ 𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2
𝑑𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥
𝑥2
𝑣 = 𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑣 =
2

𝑥 2 𝑙𝑛2 𝑥 𝑥 2 𝑙𝑛𝑥 1
= −[ − 2 ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥]
2 2

𝑥2 𝑙𝑛2 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑙𝑛𝑥 1 𝑥2
= 2
− 2
+ ( )+𝐶
2 2

𝒙𝟐 𝒍𝒏𝟐𝒙 𝒙𝟐 𝒍𝒏𝒙 𝒙𝟐
= − + +𝑪
𝟐 𝟐 𝟒

𝟒
√𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒
𝟒. ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝟐 𝒙
𝑎=2 𝑢=𝑥
𝑥 ℎ𝑦𝑝.
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 2 sec 𝜃 ⇒ sec 𝜃 = 2 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗.
𝑑𝑥 = 2 sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

x
√𝑥 2 − 4 = 2 tan 𝜃

4 (2 tan 𝜃)(2 sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 𝑑𝜃)


=∫2 2 sec 𝜃
4
= 2 ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
2
4
= 2 ∫ (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 − 1)𝑑𝜃
2
4 4
2
= 2 [∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃𝑑𝜃 − ∫ 𝑑𝜃]
2 2
4
= 2(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 − 𝜃)
2

√𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥 𝑥 4
= 2( ) − 2𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ⇒ √𝑥 2 − 4 − 2 sec −1
2 2 2
2
4 2
= [(√(42 ) − 4 − 2 sec −1 ) − (√(22 ) − 4 − 2 sec −1 )]
2 2

= √12 − 2 sec −1 2 + 2 sec −1 1


𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒: sec −1 1 = 0
𝟐𝝅
= 𝟐√𝟑 −
𝟑

𝒙𝟑 − 𝟖𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏
𝟓. ∫ 𝒅𝒙
(𝒙 + 𝟑)(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓)

𝒙𝟑 −𝟖𝒙𝟐 −𝟏
Etong space na ito ay sa pag didivide ng expression: (𝒙+𝟑)(𝒙𝟐−𝟒𝒙+𝟓)

𝑥 3 − 8𝑥 2 − 1 −7𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 16
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (1 + 3 ) 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5) 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 15

−7𝑥 2+7𝑥−16
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑥 3−𝑥 2−7𝑥+15 𝑑𝑥
−7𝑥 2+7𝑥−16
= 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑥 3−𝑥 2−7𝑥+15 𝑑𝑥

−7𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 16 𝐴 𝐵(2𝑥 − 4) + 𝐶
∫ 3 2 𝑑𝑥 = + 2
𝑥 − 𝑥 − 7𝑥 + 15 (𝑥 + 3) 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 5
−7𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 16 𝐴 𝐵(2𝑥 − 4) + 𝐶
(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5) [ 3 2 = + 2 ] (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5)
𝑥 − 𝑥 − 7𝑥 + 15 (𝑥 + 3) 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 5

−7𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 16 = 𝐴(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5) + 𝐵(2𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 3) + 𝐶(𝑥 + 3)

𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡:
𝑥2 : − 7 = 𝐴 + 2𝐵 eq. 1
𝑥1 : 7 = −4𝐴 + 2𝐵 + 𝐶 eq. 2
𝑥0 : − 16 = 5𝐴 − 12𝐵 + 3𝐶 eq. 3

50 41 68
Solving these equations simultaneously, we also obtain 𝐴 = − 13 , 𝐵 = − 26 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 = − 13.

−7𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 16
𝑥+∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 15

50 𝑑𝑥 41 (2𝑥 − 4)𝑑𝑥 68 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 + (− ∫ − ∫ 2 − ∫ 2 )
13 𝑥 + 3 26 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 5 13 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 5

50 41 68 𝑑𝑥
𝑥− ln|𝑥 + 3| − ln|𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5| − ∫ 𝑥 2−4𝑥+5
13 26 13
𝑑𝑥
⇒ ∫ [(𝑥 2−4𝑥+4)+5−4]
𝑑𝑥
⇒ ∫ [(𝑥−2)2+1]
a = 1 , u = x-2
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 − 2 = tan 𝜃
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

√(𝑥 − 2)2 + 1 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃


x-2

68 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃 68
=− ∫ ⇒− ∫ 𝑑𝜃
13 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 13
68
= − 13 𝜃
68
= − 13 tan−1 (𝑥 − 2)

𝟓𝟎 𝟒𝟏 𝟔𝟖
𝒙− 𝐥𝐧|𝒙 + 𝟑| − 𝐥𝐧|𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓| − 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝒙 − 𝟐) + 𝑪
𝟏𝟑 𝟐𝟔 𝟏𝟑

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