PHYS 1301 Equation Sheet

Vectors Work, Energy, and Power Equations

𝐴⃗ = 𝐴𝑥 𝑥̂ + 𝐴𝑦 𝑦̂ 𝐴 = √𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐴𝑦 2 𝑊 = 𝐹 𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 (for constant force)

𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝑜𝑝𝑝 1

sin 𝜃 = , cos 𝜃 = , tan 𝜃 = 𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚v 2 (for linear motion)
ℎ𝑦𝑝 ℎ𝑦𝑝 𝑎𝑑𝑗 2

Vector Addition 𝑊𝑡𝑜𝑡 = ∑ 𝑊 , 𝑊𝑡𝑜𝑡 = ∆𝐾, 𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠 = −∆𝑈

⃗⃗⃗ + 𝑩
𝑨 ⃗⃗⃗ = (𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑥 )𝒙
̂ + (𝐴𝑦 +𝐵𝑦 )𝒚
̂ 𝑃𝐸𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑚𝑔𝑦 (for constant g-acceleration)

1
𝑣⃗𝐴𝐶 = 𝑣⃗𝐴𝐵 + 𝑣⃗𝐵𝐶 (Relative Motion) 𝑃𝐸𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 2 𝑘𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑥 2 (for ideal spring along x-axis)

General Definitions for Linear Motion 𝐸𝑚𝑒𝑐ℎ = 𝑃𝐸 + 𝐾𝐸, 𝑊𝑛𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠 = ∆𝐸𝑚𝑒𝑐ℎ
distance 𝑊
Ave. speed = 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑔 = ∆𝑡 , 𝑃 = 𝐹 v 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙 (for constant force)
time
∆𝑥
v𝑥,𝑎𝑣𝑔 = ∆𝑡
(motion along x-direction) Universal Gravitation
∆v𝑥 𝑚1 𝑚2 𝑀
𝑎𝑥,𝑎𝑣𝑔 = (motion along x-direction) 𝐹=𝐺 , 𝑔=𝐺
∆𝑡 𝑟2 𝑟2
⃗⃗
∆𝒓 ∆𝐯⃗⃗
𝐯⃗⃗ = lim , ⃗⃗ = lim
𝒂 𝐺 = 6.67 × 10−11 𝑁 ∙ 𝑚2 /𝑘𝑔 2
∆𝑡→0 ∆𝑡 ∆𝑡→0 ∆𝑡

𝑔 = 9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 (on Earth’s surface) 𝑀𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ = 5.97 × 1024 𝑘𝑔, 𝑅𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ = 6.38 × 103 𝑘𝑚

Linear Motion at Constant Acceleration 𝑀𝑆𝑢𝑛 = 1.99 × 1030 𝑘𝑔

v𝑥 = v𝑜𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 Uniform Rotational Motion

∆𝜃 ∆𝜃
v𝑥 2 = v𝑜𝑥 2 + 2𝑎𝑥 (𝑥 − x𝑜 ) ω𝑎𝑣𝑔 = , ω = lim
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡→0 ∆𝑡
1
𝑥 = x𝑜 + v𝑜𝑥 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 2 𝑠 = 𝑟𝜃, 𝑣 = 𝑟ω
2
1 𝑣2 2𝜋
𝑥 = x𝑜 + (v𝑥 + v𝑜𝑥 )𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑝 = , 𝑇=
2 𝑟 𝜔
Quadratic Equation Solver Equations Associated with Linear Momentum
−𝐵±√𝐵2−4𝐴𝐶
𝑥= (A,B,C coefficients) ⃗⃗ = 𝑚𝐯⃗⃗,
𝒑 ⃗⃗𝒔𝒚𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎 = ∑ 𝒑
𝒑 ⃗⃗
2𝐴

Equations Associated with Newton’s Laws Impulse: 𝑰⃗ = ∆𝒑 ⃗⃗𝒂𝒗𝒈 ∙ ∆𝑡

⃗⃗ = 𝑭

∑ 𝐹⃗ = 𝑚𝑎⃗, w = 𝑚𝑔, Rotational Motion and Torque

0 ≤ 𝑓𝑠 ≤ 𝜇𝑠 𝑁 , 𝑓𝑘 = 𝜇𝑘 𝑁 𝜏 = 𝑟 𝐹𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝑟⊥ 𝐹 = 𝑟 F 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

1
𝑓𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑔 = 2𝐶𝜌𝐴𝑣 2 ∑ 𝜏⃗ = 𝐼𝛼⃗, 𝐼 = ∑ 𝑚𝑖 𝑟𝑖2
𝑖

𝐹𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = −𝑘𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑥 (deformation along x-direction)

1
 PHYS 1301 Equation Sheet

Rotational Motion at Constant Acceleration Simple Harmonic Oscillations

∆ω ∆ω 1 2𝜋
𝛼𝑎𝑣𝑔 = , α = lim 𝑓= , 𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓 =
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡→0 ∆𝑡 𝑇 𝑇
𝜔 = ω𝑜 + 𝛼𝑡 𝑥 = 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜑), v = − 𝐴𝜔𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜑)

𝜔2 = 𝜔𝑜 2 + 2𝛼(𝜃 − 𝜃𝑜 ) 𝑎 = −𝐴𝜔2 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜑)

1 𝑘𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚
𝜃 = 𝜃𝑜 + 𝜔0 𝑡 + 𝛼𝑡 2 𝜔=√ , 𝑇 = 2𝜋 √𝑘 (ideal spring)
2 𝑚 𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔

1 𝑙
𝜃 = 𝜃𝑜 + (𝜔 + ω𝑜 )𝑡 𝑇 = 2𝜋√𝑔 (simple pendulum)
2
1
𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝑟𝛼, 𝑎 = √𝑎𝑐𝑝 2 + 𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝐸𝑆𝐻𝑂 = 𝑘 𝐴2
2 𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔
Angular Momentum and Energy

𝐿 = 𝑟 𝑚 𝑣𝑡𝑎𝑛 Traveling Waves and Sound

⃗⃗ = 𝐼𝜔
𝐿 ⃗⃗, ⃗⃗ = 𝜏
∆𝐿 ⃗⃗𝑛𝑒𝑡 ∆𝑡 𝑣=𝜆𝑓

𝐼𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 = 𝑚𝑅2 , 𝐼ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝 = 𝑚𝑅2 v𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 = 343 𝑚/𝑠 (in calm air at 20C)

2 1 𝑇
𝐼𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 = 𝑚𝑅2 , 𝐼𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑘 = 𝑚𝑅2 𝑣𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 = (331 𝑚/𝑠)√
5 2 273 𝐾
1 v ± v𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑟
𝐾𝐸 = 2 𝐼ω2 (for rotational motion) 𝑓𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑑 = 𝑓
v ∓ v𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒
𝐹 𝑚
1 1 v𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 = √𝜇 , 𝜇 = (taut string)
𝐾𝐸𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑚v 2 + 𝐼ω2 𝑙
2 2

Wave Intensity
Fluids
𝐹 𝑃
𝑝=𝐴 (uniformly distributed perpendicular force) 𝐼=
∆𝐴
𝑃
𝑝 = 𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑝 + 𝜌𝑔ℎ 𝐼 = 4𝜋𝑟 2 (at distance r from a point source)
𝐼
𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 = 1.29 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 , 𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 1000𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 𝛽(𝑑𝐵) = (10 𝑑𝐵) log ( )
𝐼0
𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 1.01 × 105 𝑃𝑎, 𝑝𝑔𝑎𝑢𝑔𝑒 = 𝑝 − 𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑚

𝐹𝐵 = 𝜌𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑉𝑏𝑜𝑑𝑦 𝑔 Standing Waves

𝑛 𝐹
String: 𝑓𝑛 =
2𝑙
√𝜇 , n=1,2,3,…
𝑛v
Open pipe: 𝑓𝑛 = , n=1,2,3,…
2𝑙

𝑛v
Closed pipe: 𝑓𝑛 = , n=1,3,5,…
4𝑙