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Process Parameters in Machining

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28 views

Process Parameters in Machining

Uploaded by

saikrishnaps31
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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List of Process Parameters in Machining – Cutting Velocity,

Feed, DOC
For any machining or metal cutting operation, three relative motions between the workpiece and
cutting tool are indispensably necessary for gradual removal of material from the workpiece. In
fact, the simultaneous action of all three relative motions causes advancement of cutting tool
towards work material along the intended path generating a finished surface with intended shape,
size and tolerance. These three relative motions are called Cutting Parameters.

There process parameters in machining are all those parameters that are inherent to any
machining operation and should have a suitable finite value to smooth and efficient removal of
materials. Such parameters directly affect machining performance. In machining, three process
parameters are (i) cutting speed or cutting velocity, (ii) feed rate and (iii) depth of cut. More
details about these parameters are elaborated in the following sections.

Process Parameter – 1: Cutting velocity (Vc)


Cutting velocity is the most important cutting parameter that provides necessary cutting motion
(CM). In case of either rotating tool (such as milling, drilling, grinding) or rotating workpiece
(such as turning), the peripheral velocity of cutter or workpiece (as the case) is considered as the
cutting velocity. The rotational speed is called the Cutting Speed (denoted by N and measured in
rpm); whereas, the tangential velocity is called Cutting Velocity (denoted by Vc and measured in
m/min).
However, where neither the workpiece nor the tool rotates, the reciprocating velocity of
cutter/workpiece gives the intended cutting velocity. In such contexts, cutting speed becomes
irrelevant. Therefore, cutting velocity imparts main or primary cutting motion required for
machining.

Process Parameter – 2: Feed rate (s)


The auxiliary cutting motion is provided by the feed rate or feed velocity. Usually the direction
of feed velocity is perpendicular to that of the cutting velocity; however, not necessary. The
primary objective of feed velocity is to advance the cutter with respect to the workpiece to
remove material from a wider surface. Basically it helps in covering the entire surface of the
workpiece by moving either cutting tool or workpiece. Feed rate can be imparted either on the
cutter or on the workpiece.

Process Parameter – 3: Depth of cut (t)


The tertiary cutting motion that provides necessary depth within work material that is intended to
remove by machining. It is given in the third perpendicular direction and the simultaneous action
of three cutting parameters results in removal of excess material from workpiece.

Features of process parameters


• It must be primary factor i.e., there should not be any other factor that controls it.
• It must be supplied during machining.
• It should have a finite value.
• It should directly affect machining performance.
• It can be varied externally without changing the work-tool combination.

Process parameters differ from influencing parameters


Influencing parameters include all those parameters that can directly or indirectly influence the
machining operation. Thus all process parameters are influencing parameters. Apart from
velocity, feed and depth of cut, there are many other parameters that can influence performance
considerably; however, they are not inherent to machining process. A list of such parameters
relevant to conventional machining is provided below.

• Cutting environment (i.e., application of coolant)


• Tool geometry including nose radius
• Work material
• Tool material
• Tool coating
• Work and tool setting, etc.

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