LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO ICT

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

 deals with the use of different communication technologies such as mobile phones,
telephone, Internet, etc. to locate, save, send, and edit information.

ICT in the Philippines

 ICT Department in the Philippines is responsible for the planning, development and
promotion of the country’s information and communications technology (ICT) agenda in
support of national development.
 In 2022, the ICT sector contributed 7.5 percent to the country's gross domestic product
(GDP).
 Dub as the “ICT Hub of Asia” because of the huge growth of ICT – related jobs one of
which is BPO, Business Process Outsourcing, or call centers.
 There were 85.16 million internet users in the Philippines in January 2023. The
Philippines's internet penetration rate stood at 73.1 percent of the total population at the
start of 2023.

The World Wide Web (WWW)

 Invented by Tim-Berners Lee in 1989.
 It is and information system on the Internet that allows documents to be connected to
other documents by hypertext links, enabling the user to search for information by
moving from one document to another.
 Is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by
URLs, interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet.
 May contain any combination of computer data, including graphics, sounds, text, video,
multimedia and interactive contents that runs while the user is interacting with the page.

TYPE OF WEB
 Web 1.0 or The Web
 The first stage of the World Wide Web Evolution. It is FLAT or STATIONARY
PAGE since it cannot be manipulated by the user.

 Web 2.0 or The Social Web

 It is the evolution of Web 1.0 by adding dynamic pages. The user is able to see a
website differently than others.
 Allows users to interact with the page; instead of just reading the page, the user
may be able to comment or create user account.

 The Web 3.0 or The Sematic Web

 This platform is all about semantic web.
 Aims to have machines (or servers) understand the user’s preferences to be able to
deliver web content.
FEATURES OF WEB 2.0
 Long Tail – services that are offered on demand rather than on a one-time purchase. This
is synonymous to subscribing to a data plan that charges you for the amount of time you
spent in the internet.
 Software as a Services – users will subscribe to a software only when needed rather than
purchasing them e.g. Google docs used to create and edit word processing and spread
sheet.
 Mass Participation – diverse information sharing through universal web access. Web
2.0’s content is based on people from various cultures.
 Folksonomy – allows user to categorize and classify information using freely chosen
keywords e.g. tagging by FB, Twitter, use tags that start with the sign #, referred to as
hashtag.
 Rich User Experience – content is dynamic and is responsive to user’s input.
 User Participation – The owner of the website is not the only one who is able to put
content. Others are able to place a content of their own by means of comments, reviews
and evaluation e.g. Lazada, Amazon.

TRENDS IN ICT
1. Convergence – is the synergy of technological advancements to work on a similar goal
or task. For example, besides using your personal computer to create word documents,
you can now use your smartphone.

2. Social Media – is a website, application, or online channel that enables web users web
users to create, co-create, discuss modify, and exchange user generated content.

Types of Social Media

a) Social Networks – These are sites that allows you to connect with other people
with the same interests or background. Once the user creates his/her account,
he/she can set up a profile, add people, share content, etc.
b) Bookmarking Sites – Sites that allow you to store and manage links to various
website and resources. Most of the sites allow you to create a tag to others.
c) Social News – Sites that allow users to post their own news items or links to other
news sources. The users can also comment on the post and comments may also be
rank.
d) Media Sharing – sites that allow you to upload and share media content like
images, music and video.
e) Microblogging – focus on short updates from the user. Those that subscribed to
the user will be able to receive these updates.
f) Blogs and Forums – allow user to post their content. Other users are able to
comment on the said topic.
 3. Mobile Technologies – The popularity of smartphones and tablets has taken a major rise
over the years. This is largely because of the devices capability to do the tasks that were
originally found in PCs. Several of these devices are capable of using a high-speed
internet. Today the latest model devices use 4G Networking (LTE), which is currently the
fastest.

MOBILE OS
 iOS – use in apple devices such as iPhone and iPad.
 Android – an open-source OS developed by Google. Being open source means
mobile phone companies use this OS for free.
 Blackberry OS – use in blackberry devices.
 Windows phone OS – A closed source and proprietary operating system
developed by Microsoft.
 Symbian – the original smartphone OS. Used by Nokia devices
 WebOS- originally used in smartphone; now in smart TVs.
 Windows Mobile – developed by Microsoft for smartphones and pocket PCs.

4. Assistive Media - is a non- profit service designed to help people who have visual and
reading impairments. A database of audio recordings is used to read to the user.

LESSON 2 PART 1: RULES OF NETIQUETTE

Internet Etiquette (Netiquette)

 refers to the code of conduct that should be followed when using the internet. It is
important to understand netiquette in order to communicate effectively and respectfully
online.

ONLINE SAFETY AND SECURITY

 THE INTERNET IS A PUBLIC PLACE AND IT IS UP TO YOU TO PROTECT
YOURSELF. THE FOLLOWING TIPS WILL HELP YOU TO STAY SAFE WHEN
USING THE INTERNET.

TIPS TO STAY SAFE ONLINE

1. Be mindful of what you share online and what site you share it to.
2. Do not just accept terms and conditions; read them.
3. Check the privacy policy page of a website to learn how the website handles the
information you share.
4. Know the security features of the social networking site you use. By keeping your profile
private, search engines will not be able to scan your profile.
5. Do not share any of your password with anyone.
6. Avoid logging in to public networks/Wi-Fi. Browsing in “incognito” (or private) mode, a
feature of the browser, will not protect you from hackers.
7. Do not talk to strangers whether online or face-to-face.
8. Never post anything about a future vacation. It is similar to posting, “Rob my house at
this date”.
9. Add friends you know in real life and refrain from adding strangers.
10. Avoid visiting untrusted websites.
11. Install and update an antivirus software on your computer. Use only one anti-virus to
avoid software to avoid conflicts.
12. If you have Wi-Fi at home, make it a private network by creating a password.
13. Avoid download anything from untrusted websites. You are more vulnerable in peer-to-
peer downloads (torrents) as the download is most likely not monitored by the site owner.
14. Buy the software; do not use pirated ones.
15. Do not reply or click links from suspicious emails.

INTERNET THREATS

Malware (Malicious Software)

 A file or code, typically delivered over a network, that infects, explores, steals or
conducts virtually any behavior an attacker wants. And because malware comes in
so many variants, there are numerous methods to infect computer systems.

 Virus
 A malicious software program loaded into a user’s computer without the
user’s knowledge and performs malicious actions and can be transferred
 from one computer to another through the Internet and local networks or
data storage like flash drives.
 RAILA ODINGA virus was a common virus in Africa in early 2000. Its
major means of transfer was through a USB drive or memory stick. It
attacks pictures and Microsoft word files, then manifests in JPG files by
replicating them.

 Worm
 A stand-alone malicious program that can self-replicate and propagate via
computer networks with human help. An example is the ILOVEYOU
worm (Love Bug Worm) created by a Filipino.
 ILOVEYOU (“Love Bug or LoveLetter”) created by Onel De Guzman,
was a computer worm that infected over ten million Windows personal
computers on and after May 5, 2000. It started spreading as an email
message with the subject line "ILOVEYOU" and the attachment
"LOVELETTER-FOR-YOU.TXT.vbs.

 Trojan Horse
 A malicious program that is disguised as a useful program but once
downloaded installed, leaves your Personal Computer (PC) unprotected
and allows hackers to get your information.
 Well-known examples of Trojans include:
RAKHNI TROJAN: delivers ransomware or a cryptojacker tool—which
enables an attacker to use a device to mine cryptocurrency—to infect
devices.
TINY BANKER: enables hackers to steal users' financial details.

 Rogue Security Software

 It tricks the user into posing that it is a security software. It asks the user to
pay to improve his/her security but in reality, they are not protected at all.
  Spyware
 A program that runs in the background without you knowing it (thus called
“spy”). It has the ability to monitor what you are currently doing and
typing through keylogging.
 *Keyloggers – used to record the keystroke done by the users. This is
done to steal their password or any other sensitive information. It can
record email, messages, or any information you type using your keyboard.

 Adware
 A program designed to send you advertisements, mostly as pop-ups.
Malspam (Malicious Spam)/Spam
 A spam email that delivers malware as the malicious payload. Malspam emails
contain malicious content, such as links or attachments with viruses or malware
mostly from bots or advertisers.

Phishing
 Its goal is to acquire sensitive personal information like passwords and credit card
details. This is done by sending you an email that will direct the user to visit a
website and be asked to update his/her username, password, credit card, or
personal information.

Pharming
 A dangerous hacker attack on a website which directs all traffic to that website to
another fictitious website. The main objective of pharming is to obtain username
and passwords, as well as credit card and financial information, and use these to
steal their money electronically or use the credit card of the victims.

LESSON 2 PART 2: ONLINE RESEARCH

LESSON 3: ADVANCE WORD PROCESSING SKILLS

Mail Merge
 As the name suggests, this feature allows you to create documents and combine or merge
them with another document or data file. It is commonly used when sending out
advertising materials to various recipients.

Two Components of Mail Merge

 Form Document
 The document that contains the main body of the message we want to convey or
send. The main body of the message is the part of the form document that remains
the same no matter whom you send it to from among your list.

 List or Data File

 This is where the individual information or data that needs to be plugged in
(merged) to our form document is placed and maintained.

Integrating Images and External Materials

Kinds of Materials

1. Picture
 Generally, these are electronic or digital pictures or photographs you have saved in
any local storage device.

a) .JPG/JPEG
 This is pronounced as “jay-peg“ and is the short form of .jpeg or Joint
Photographic Experts Group.
 This type of image file can support 16.7 million colors that is why it is suitable for
use when working with full color photographic images.
 Unfortunately, it does not support transparency and therefore, images of this file
type can be difficult to integrate in terms of blending with other material.

b) .GIF
 This stands for Graphics Interchange Format.
  This type of image file is capable of displaying transparencies. Therefore, it is
good for blending with other materials or elements in your document.
 It is also capable of displaying simple animation.

c) .PNG
 This is pronounced as “ping“. It stands for Portable Network Graphics.
 Its development was basically for the purpose of transporting images on the
Internet at faster rates.
 It is also good with transparencies but unlike .GIFs, it does not support
animation but it can display up to 16 million colors, so image quality for this
image file type is also remarkably improved.

2. Clip Art
 This is generally a .GIF type;
 Line art drawings or images used as generic representation for ideas and objects that
you might want to integrate in your document.

3. Shapes
 These are printable objects or materials that you can integrate in your document to
enhance its appearance or allow you to have some tools to use for composing and
representing ideas or messages.

4. Smart Art
 Generally, these are predefined sets of different shapes grouped together to form
ideas that are organizational or structural in nature.
 If you want to graphically represent an organization, process, relationships, or
flow for infographic documents, then you will find this easy and handy to use.

5. Chart
 Allows you to represent data characteristics and trends.
 This is quite useful when you are preparing reports that correlate and present data
in a graphical manner.

6. Screenshot
 Sometimes, creating reports or manuals for training or procedures will require the
integration of a more realistic image of what you are discussing on your report or
manual.
 Snipping tool

Image Placement
 1. In Line with Text
 It treats your image like a text font with the bottom side totally aligned with the
text line. This setting is usually used when you need to place your image at the
beginning of a paragraph. When placed between texts in a paragraph or a
sentence, it distorts the overall appearance and arrangement of the texts in the
paragraph because it will take up the space it needs vertically, pushing whole lines
of texts upward.

2. Square
 This setting allows the image you inserted to be placed anywhere with the
paragraph with the text going around the image in a square pattern like frame.

3. Tight
 This is almost the same as the square setting, but here the text “hug” or conforms
to the general shape of the image. This allows you to get a more creative effect on
your document. This setting can mostly be achieved if you are using an image that
supports transparency like a .GIF or .PNG file.

4. Through
 This setting allows the text on your document to flow even tighter taking the
contours and shape of the image. Again, this can be best used with .GIF or .PNG
type of image.

5. Top and Bottom

 This setting pushes the texts away vertically to the top and/or the bottom of the
image so that the image occupies a whole text line on its own.

6. Behind Text
 This allows your image to be dragged and placed anywhere on your document but
with all the texts floating in front of it. It effectively makes your image look like a
background.

7. In Front of Text
 As it suggests, this setting allows your image to be placed right on top of the text
as if your image was dropped right on it. That means whatever part of the text you
placed the image on, it will be covered by the image.

LESSON 4: ADVANCED SPREADSHEET SKILLS

Total Rows: 1, 048, 576

Total Columns: 16, 384 (XFD)

WORKING WITH FORMULA AND FUNCTION

A. Formula VS Function
a. Formula - A formula calculate a new value from existing values. An Excel formula
can contain a combination of constant values, cell references (cell addresses), range
reference, named range, functions, and or operators.

Formulas always begin with an equal sign (=).

b. Functions – functions are predefined formulas that perform calculations by using
specific values, called arguments, in a particular order, or structure.
For example, the SUM function adds values or ranges of cells.
 c. Constant – Using actual numbers is like using a calculator. You type in =5+2 to get a
result of 7. This means that the formula will always give a result of seven unless you
manually edit the formula to provide another result.

MS EXCEL

 Cell Reference
 Using cell reference in a formula allows you to begin harnessing the true power of
Microsoft Excel.
 Writing a formula =A1+B2 means that the formula will display a result depending
on the values in the cells A1 and B2.

 Named Reference
 is a single cell or group of cells that can be given a specific name.
 Using a named range in a formula helps user better understand what the formula
is doing. For example, you have a value in cell A1 that represents item.

 Cell Range
 a range of cells is usually indicated by listing the address of the first and last cell
in the contiguous range separated by a colon “:” to indicate the inclusion of all the
cells in between.

 Relative Refences
 If you create relative formulas, references to cells or ranges are based upon their
position relative to the cell that contains the formula. Excel automatically adjust
the references in the pasted formula.
 For example if you copy a formula =SUM(A11:D11) from E11 to E12, then the
formula will adjust to =SUM(A12:D12).

 Absolute References
 If you create absolute formulas, then you are telling Excel that you do not want
the formula to adjust when copying it to a different location. Place a dollar $ sign
before the parts of the formula. (F4)
 For example if you copy a formula =SUM($A$11:$D$11) from E11 to E12, then
the formula will still be =SUM($A$11:$D$11).

 Absolute Row
 This specify a formula that has a fixed row. i.e. A$11

 Absolute Column
 This specify a formula that has a fixed row. i.e. $A11

 Absolute Cell
  This specify a formula that has a fixed row. i.e. $A$11

LESSON 4: ADVANCED PRESENTATION SKILLS

Presentation Tools
 PowerPoint
 Fox
 Haiku Deck
 PhotoSnack

Top 10 Slide Tips

1. Limit Bullets & Text
2. High-Quality Graphics
3. Limit Transition
4. Visual Design
5. Keep It Simple
6. Use Appropriate Charts
7. Choose Your Fonts Well
8. Spend Time in Slide Sorter
9. Use Color Well
10. Use Video or Audio

Creating an Effective Presentation

1. Minimize
 Keep the slide counts to a minimum to maintain a clear message and to keep the
audience attentive.
 Remember that the presentation is just a visual aid.

2. Clarity
 Avoid being fancy by using a font style that is easy to read. Make sure that it is
also big enough to be read by the audience.
 Consider how big the screen is during your report.

3. Simplicity
 Use bullets or short sentences. Summarize the information on the screen to make
the audience focus on what the reporter is saying than on reading the slide. Limit
the content to six lines and seven words per line. This is known as the 6 x 7 rule.
 New rule: 3 POINT Rule

4. Visuals
  Use graphics to help in your presentation but not too many graphics might distract
the audience instead use a table for data, charts and graphs.

5. Consistency
 Make your design uniform. Avoid having different font styles and backgrounds
per slide.

6. Contrast
 Use a light font on a dark background or vice versa. This will make the text easier
to read.
 In most instances, it is easier to read on screen if the background is dark. This is
due to the brightness of the screen.

USING HYPERLINKS IN MICROSOFT POWERPOINT

 Using hyperlinks in your presentation is an easy way to navigate slides during your
presentation.

Ways to insert hyperlinks:

1. Select an object or highlight a text.
e.g.
 Guitarist
 Singers
 Costumes for ambiance

2. Go to Insert > Hyperlinks (under links category) or use the shortcut key Ctrl + K. The
Insert Hyperlink dialog box would appear.
Links to Options:
a. Existing File or Web Page – creates a hyperlink to website or a local file saved in
your hard drive. Just browse your file in the dialog box or type the web address.
b. Place in This Document – creates a hyperlink that allows you to jump to a specific
slide in your presentation.
c. Create a New Document – creates a hyperlink that once clicked, creates a new
document on your specified location.
d. Email Address – creates a hyperlink that opens Microsoft Outlook that automatically
adds your specified on a new email.

3. When done, click OK to apply your hyperlink.

Embedding – act of placing objects within the presentation.

Embedding an Excel File to your Slide presentation:

1. Go to the Insert tab.
2. On the Text group, click on Object.
 3. The Insert Object dialog box would appear.

Options:
 Create New – creates a new file from scratch. You can select on a wide variety of files
listed.
 Create from File – creates a file from an existing file saved on your hard drive; simply
browse the file to use it. Putting a check on the “link” option will allow you to modify the
Excel file inside your presentation.

LESSON 6: IMAGING AND DESIGNING FOR ONLINE ENVIRONMENT

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF GRAPHICS AND LAYOUT

 Balance
 The visual weight of objects, textures, colours, and space is evenly distributed on
the screen.
 When visiting a website, check if one side holds the same amount of weight on
the other.
 The colours should also have a similar visual weight.

 Emphasis
 It is the area in the design that may appear in different in size, texture, shape, or
colour to attract the viewer’s attention.

 Movement
 It is the visual element that guides the viewer’s eyes around the screen.

 Pattern, Repetition, and Rhythm

 The repeating visual element in an image or layout to create unity in the layout or
image.
 Rhythm is achieved when visual elements create a sense of organized movement.

 Proportion

  Variety
 Uses several design elements to draw a viewer’s attention.

INFOGRAPHICS
 Information graphics or “infographics” are used to represent information, statistical data,
or knowledge in a graphical manner usually done in a creative way to attract the viewer’s
attention.
 Infographics make complex data become more visually appealing to an average user.

PRINCIPLES AND BASIC TECHNIQUE

1. Choose the right file format. Try to make a real-life photograph into GIF to see the
difference between PNG, GIF, and JPEG. Knowing the purpose is the key to finding out
the best file format.
2. Choose the right image size. A camera with 12 megapixels constitutes to a bigger image
size. Monitors have a resolution limit, so even if you have a million megapixels, it will
not display everything. Thus, it is not always wise to make our image big, most especially
in a website. Know how much space you want the image to consume. Or have a
“preview” image where the audience has the option to “see full size”.
3. Caption it. Remember to put a caption on images whenever possible. If it is not related
to the web page, then remove it.

LESSON 7: ONLINE PLATFORMS FOR ICT CONTENT DEVELOPMENT

SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS
 Allow you to create not only personal accounts but also pages and groups where you can
share content.
 The downside is “one-sizefits-all” design
 Example: Facebook, Tiktok, LinkedIn

BLOGGING PLATFORMS
 Focus on content and design.
 Typically looks like a newsletter where you are given options to change the design to
your liking.
 Example: WordPress, Tumblr, Blogger

CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 A Content Management System (CMS) is a computer application (sometimes online or
browser-based) that allows you to publish, edit and manipulate, organize, and delete web
content. CMS is used in blogs, news websites, and shopping.