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Lecture 6

This document discusses elementary signals including the unit step function and rectangular function. It covers their definitions, properties, and transformations under shifting and scaling. Homework problems are assigned on these topics and a class test is scheduled.

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Md Shahjahan Islam
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104 views13 pages

Lecture 6

This document discusses elementary signals including the unit step function and rectangular function. It covers their definitions, properties, and transformations under shifting and scaling. Homework problems are assigned on these topics and a class test is scheduled.

Uploaded by

Md Shahjahan Islam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EEE 303

Signals and Linear Systems

Instructor: Dr. Tishna Sabrina


Spring 2020

Lecture 6
Elementary Signals
Example 1.5.7

7/16/2020 Signals and Linear Systems: Lecture 6 2


Example 1.5.7

7/16/2020 Signals and Linear Systems: Lecture 6 3


Example 1.5.7

7/16/2020 Signals and Linear Systems: Lecture 6 4


Transformation of Signals
◼ Shifting:
𝑥 𝑡 + 𝑎 → 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 ′𝑎′ amount upwards.
𝑥 𝑡 − 𝑎 → 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 ′𝑎′ amount downwards

◼ Scaling:
𝑎𝑥 𝑡 → 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 ′𝑎′ 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 -> Amplification
1
𝑥 𝑡 → 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 ′𝑎′ 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 -> Reduction
𝑎

◼ Reflection:
−𝑥 𝑡 → 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠

7/16/2020 Signals and Linear Systems: Lecture 6 5


Elementary Signals
◼ Several important elementary signals occur
frequently in applications and also serve as a basis
for representing other signals.
◼ Representing signals in terms of these elementary
signals allows us to better understand the properties
of both signals and systems.
◼ Many of these signals have features that make them
particularly useful in the solution of engineering
problems.
◼ So it is an important topic for our study.

7/16/2020 Signals and Linear Systems: Lecture 6 6


Unit Step Function
◼ The continuous time unit step function is defined as
𝟏, 𝒕 > 0
𝒖 𝒕 =ቊ
𝟎, 𝒕 < 0

◼ This is an important signal for analytic studies and it


also has many practical applications.
◼ It is continuous for all t except at 𝑡 = 0.
◼ According to eq. 1.2.2
(𝑥 𝑡1+ + 𝑥 𝑡1− )
𝑥 𝑡1 =
2
1+0 1
𝑢 0 = =
2 2

7/16/2020 Signals and Linear Systems: Lecture 6 7


Properties of Unit Step Function
◼ Is it a power signal or an energy signal?
◼ Is it an odd signal or an even signal?

7/16/2020 Signals and Linear Systems: Lecture 6 8


Shifting Unit Step Function
◼ Shifting operation works same as discussed earlier
𝒖 𝒕 − 𝒕𝟎 =?

𝒖 −𝒕 + 𝒕𝟎 =?

7/16/2020 Signals and Linear Systems: Lecture 6 9


Shifting Unit Step Function
◼ Shifting operation works same as discussed earlier
𝟏, 𝒕 > 𝑡0
𝒖 𝒕 − 𝒕𝟎 = ቊ
𝟎, 𝒕 < 𝑡0

◼ 𝒖 𝒕 − 𝒕𝟎

𝒕𝟎 t

7/16/2020 Signals and Linear Systems: Lecture 6 10


Shifting Unit Step Function
◼ Shifting operation works same as discussed earlier
𝟏, 𝒕 > 𝑡0
𝒖 𝒕 − 𝒕𝟎 = ቊ
𝟎, 𝒕 < 𝑡0

◼ 𝒖 −𝒕 + 𝒕𝟎

Draw 𝒖 −𝒕 , 𝒖 𝒕 + 𝟐 , 𝒖 𝒕 − 𝟑 , 𝟑𝒖(𝒕)

𝒕𝟎 t

7/16/2020 Signals and Linear Systems: Lecture 6 11


Rectangular Function
𝒕 𝑨, −𝒂 < 𝑡 < 𝑎
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕 =ቊ
𝟐𝒂 𝟎, 𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒘𝒊𝒔𝒆

Arect(t/2a)

t
-a a

𝒕 𝒕 𝒕−𝟐
Draw 𝟐𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕 , −𝟑𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕 , 𝟐𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕
𝟒 𝟕 𝟒

7/16/2020 Signals and Linear Systems: Lecture 6 12


Home Work
◼ Section 1.6.1

◼ Example 1.6.1
◼ Example 1.6.2

◼ Class Test on 20.07.2020 on topics


covered in Lecture 1 – 5.
7/16/2020 Signals and Linear Systems: Lecture 6 13

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