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Writing a scientific research proposal

Presentation · January 2017

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.14627.04642

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Hiba Mohammed Elawad

Al-Neelain University
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Introduction

 It is a pleasure and a great honor to introduce this simple

presentation.

 I would like to express my gratefulness to the students; and my

collogues who invited me and gave me the opportunity to contribute
and share their, educational and professional valuable experience.

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 Dedications
 To my respected parents for their blessing and motivation
 To my family for their unconditional love.
 To my teachers, collogues and my students.
 To the deanship of scientific research for sharing their knowledge
and valuable information.

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Research & Teaching

 Research and teaching go hand in hand in all academic institutes of

excellence.

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Background

Al Neelain University

Improve the research: Quality. Standards.

Aim

To provide researchers with the basic standard frame to be used for the formulation of
research proposal.

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Purpose of Scientific Research

Knowledge creation.

Intellectual property.

Peer recognition.

Benefits: researcher & Institute (reputation & student intake)

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Objectives

 Identify, select, describe and state a research topic of importance within

the health and medical domain.

 Review and present literature relevant to the research topic.

 Select appropriate scientifically sound research design.

 Select, formulate and use the data collection instruments.

 Estimate the sample size using the standard formulas/ computerized

statistical packages and draw the estimated sample through using the
standard sampling technique.

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Objectives - continued

 Conduct analysis of the collected data through the usage of appropriate

statistical packages.

 Present systemically and methodically the research findings and results.

 Interpret and discuss comprehensively the research findings and results.

 Follow the principles and rules of scientific writing.

 Apply ethical standard and principles in research involving subjects.

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 The Selection of the Research Topic

Researcher/student Institutional Review

Board (IRB) and/ or staff

• Responsibility of the selection • Advice and guidance in both

of the research topic. problem statement and
proposals.
• To write the problem statement
• Finial approval.
• Write proposal.

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Problem Selection Criteria

Problem

Feasible within
Address an Have some Requires
the available
important chance of being reasonable Cost/effective
time for the
major problem solved resources
research

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The Submission & Approval of the
Research Proposal
 Based on the initial approval of the problem statement

Researcher
• Develop.
• Finalize and submit research proposal to IRB.

IRB
• Discuss and approve the research with or without
modifications Based on academic qualifications and
professional expertise with consideration of the research topic

 Once the research is approved by IRB the researcher can’t

change the proposed topic without re-submission and
approval of IRB 11
What is the Research Proposal?

IRB has
• Is a course standard
Proposal of action or IRB format for
• Plan proposal
writing

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 Before starting….
 Researcher are advised to ensure:

Problem:
Review:
1. Selection
1. Statistical data
2.Prioritization
2. literature
3. Definition and
description

Approval of the
problem
statement by
IRB.

Writing research proposal

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 Good News!!!

 There is STANDARD FRAME WORK should be used by the

researchers for the development of the research proposal.

 Al Neelain University: Deanship of scientific Research has

RESEARCH PROPSAL TEMPLATE.

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The Standard Frame Work
 The following standard frame work should be used by the researchers
for the development for the research proposal:

1. Title

2. Introduction/background

3. Objectives

4. Methodology

5. Work plan

6. Budget

7. References and 8. Appendices 15

1. Title

• Precise
• Specific
Should be • Informative
• Clear
• Easily understood

• What the research is

about?
Expected to • Where will it be
address implemented?
• When is planned to be
implemented

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2. Introduction/background
2.1 Introduced Comprehensively and Briefly:

• Relevant literature.
• Appropriate statistical data.
• References: cited correctly.
• Background: research topic.

2.2 Problem Statement:

• Clearly stated: Raised questions and hypothesis.

• Summarized focused: literature and important aspects of the
problems.
• Clearly demarked: boundaries.
• Statement format: declarative or question. 17
2.3 Research Question

• One of the basic methodologic components: efficiently formulate.

• Is need for all categories of the research: quantitative or qualitative.
• Useful format to use in research question PCIO + (Time)

Population

Intervention
Comparison
outcome

PCIO
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2.4 Research Hypothesis:

• Is a statement of an expected or predicted relationship between two

or more variables.
• Suitable for quantitative rather than qualitative.
• Can be written as: declaration statement, directional statement or in
directional.
• Is expected to include: variables, population and relationship
between variables.

Relationship
between
Population variables
Variables

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2.5 Justification/rationale:

• Is included as a subtitle at the end of introduction.

• Logical reasoning to conduct the research.
• Background including justification should not exceed one and a
half page

Precise

Focused

Convincing
IRB
members

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3. Research objectives
 Objectives are the goals to be achieved through the conduct of the
research.
 Determind by the researcher.
 Vary according to the research desgin.
 Are usually subdivided into:

General Objectives
Specific Objectives
What will be achieved by the
research and why (in general Are subdivided into:
terms)?
1. Estimation objectives.
2. Association objectives.
3.Evaluation objectives.

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3.1 How to Write Research Objectives?
 Research objectives may be stated in any of the following forms:

Questions Positive sentences Hypothesis

• Attempt to find • Such as to measure, • Attempt to prove or
answers calculate, identify disprove

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3.2 The Criteria of Good Objectives
 The following are criteria of a good research objectives:

Logical and coherent

Realestic

Achievable

Defined in operational verbs: to compare, to

describe

Aviod the usage: to understand, to observe

Should be clearly stated and comprehensive

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4. Research Methodology
 The research methodoloy is expected to include the following:

Study
Study design Study area
population

Sample size
Data Ethical
& sampling
collection considerations
technique

The data
analysis plan

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4.1 Study design
 Is specific plan or protocol to translate the conceptual hypothesis into
operational ones.
 Selection of design depends on research question, concerns about
validity and efficiency, practical and ethical considerations.

Historical

Ethnographic
Descriptive
Research

Research design

Action research Developmental

System
Experimental
approach
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4.2 Study area/study setting
 Study area: geographical location (map in the appendix).
 Study setting: In case study (hospital, health center, diagnostic or
laboratory).

Hospital
Case Study Location Resources Services
Laboratory

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4.3 Study Population

General characteristics

• Demography
• Health
• Social
• Cultural
• Economic

Inclusion Criteria

Exclusion criteria

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4.3 Data collection
 The common instruments used for data collection include:

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4.4 Sample size/sampling technique

Estimation of Computerized
sample size statistical
packages

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4.5 Ethical considerations
 All research proposals involving human subjects and animal subjects
must adhere ethical conduct and ethical principles.

 The National Guidelines and format (Obtain approval from university

ethical committee).

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4.6 The data analysis plan

Data entry

Computer Quality
Clear plan
packages control

Analysis
procedures

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5. Work plan
 Time frame of the proposed activities using Gantt chart must be
included.

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6. Budget

 Details of the proposed budget.

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7. References
 When writing a piece of work you will need to refer in your text to
material written or produced by others.
 This is called citing or quoting references.
 No proposal is considered complete without reference citation.
 It is recommended to use Vancouver style to be used consistently
through the proposal and the thesis.
 Vancouver a “numbered” style follows rule established by the
International Committee of medical Journal Editors and also adopted
by other field.
 N.B: Text, Journal article, Edited book, Chapter in a books each has
specific information to be recorded when cited.

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7.1 Reference Management Software
 Reference management (or bibliographic) software (internet).
 It allows you to:

Search for particular reference/refer back

Print or save list of reference

Insert citation and automatically produce

a bibliography

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8. Appendices
 Relevant materials such as:

Maps of study
Instrument Photographs
area

Ethical
IRB approval
considerations

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