2 AIM:Implement using tools or languages like JAVA/ python/R Data
Exploration
THEORY:
Data exploration refers to the initial step in data analysis. Data analysts use data
visualization and statistical techniques to describe dataset characterizations, such as
size, quantity, and accuracy, to understand the nature of the data better.
Data exploration techniques include both manual analysis and automated data
exploration software solutions that visually explore and identify relationships
between different data variables, the structure of the dataset, the presence of
outliers, and the distribution of data values to reveal patterns and points of interest,
enabling data analysts to gain greater insight into the raw data.
Data is often gathered in large, unstructured volumes from various sources. Data
analysts must first understand and develop a comprehensive view of the data before
extracting relevant data for further analysis, such as univariate, bivariate, multivariate,
and principal components analysis.
In general, the goals of data Exploration come into these three categories.
1. Archival: Data Exploration can convert data from physical formats (such as
books, newspapers, and invoices) into digital formats (such as databases) for
backup.
2. Transfer the data format: If you want to transfer the data from your current
website into a new website under development, you can collect data from
your own website by extracting it.
3. Data analysis: As the most common goal, the extracted data can be further
analyzed to generate insights. This may sound similar to the data analysis
process in data mining, but note that data analysis is the goal of data
Exploration, not part of its process. What's more, the data is analyzed
differently. One example is that e-store owners extract product details from
eCommerce websites like Amazon to monitor competitors' strategies.
There is a wide variety of proprietary automated data exploration solutions, including
business intelligence tools, data visualization software, data preparation software
vendors, and data exploration platforms. There are also open-source data
exploration tools that include regression capabilities and visualization features, which
can help businesses, integrate diverse data sources to enable faster data exploration.
Most data analytics software includes data visualization tools.
CONCLUSION:
3.AIM: Implement using tools or languages Data preprocessing
THEORY:
Implement using tools or languages Data preprocessing
Some common steps in data preprocessing include:
Data preprocessing is an important step in the data mining process that involves
cleaning and transforming raw data to make it suitable for analysis. Some common
steps in data preprocessing include:
Data Cleaning: This involves identifying and correcting errors or inconsistencies in
the data, such as missing values, outliers, and duplicates. Various techniques can be
used for data cleaning, such as imputation, removal, and transformation.
Data Integration: This involves combining data from multiple sources to create a
unified dataset. Data integration can be challenging as it requires handling data with
different formats, structures, and semantics. Techniques such as record linkage and
data fusion can be used for data integration.
Data Transformation: This involves converting the data into a suitable format for
analysis. Common techniques used in data transformation include normalization,
standardization, and discretization. Normalization is used to scale the data to a
common range, while standardization is used to transform the data to have zero
mean and unit variance. Discretization is used to convert continuous data into
discrete categories.
Data Reduction: This involves reducing the size of the dataset while preserving the
important information. Data reduction can be achieved through techniques such as
feature selection and feature extraction. Feature selection involves selecting a subset
of relevant features from the dataset, while feature extraction involves transforming
the data into a lower-dimensional space while preserving the important information.
Data Discretization: This involves dividing continuous data into discrete categories
or intervals. Discretization is often used in data mining and machine learning
algorithms that require categorical data. Discretization can be achieved through
techniques such as equal width binning, equal frequency binning, and clustering.
Data Normalization: This involves scaling the data to a common range, such as
between 0 and 1 or -1 and 1. Normalization is often used to handle data with
different units and scales. Common normalization techniques include min-max
normalization, z-score normalization, and decimal scaling.
Data preprocessing plays a crucial role in ensuring the quality of data and the
accuracy of the analysis results. The specific steps involved in data preprocessing
may vary depending on the nature of the data and the analysis goals.
By performing these steps, the data mining process becomes more efficient and the
results become more accurate.
Preprocessing in Data Mining:
Data preprocessing is a data mining technique which is used to transform the raw
data in a useful and efficient format.
CONCLUSION:
