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Operating System Notes

operating system notes

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ayush879506
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42 views

Operating System Notes

operating system notes

Uploaded by

ayush879506
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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Untteducten Sa emma _— Gard wave) Seyyy© Mechan foal Set ef Pxoqrams Electeteal foes Cc Sy Electtentc Apphtabten Syskem (Spredheek, Db) Cos) [> —— nated Je Inteemediatory User J Syplerg H/us “9 Mac, Windows , Andaid fos, LPrux ° OS Goals | L, Primary + Convenience | Ease feel L (Easy fouse) Secondary a E ffference , RelPable Mana gemant- * OStunckeng @ Booting ; starb the computer & make Pe Velaoky to work, ® Paveess Mgmt ® Memory Mgmt @ Fle Mam © T/o Device Maret © Se custty * Types of OS" — Batch 7 Mullip mg tammad —? Mule heske ~7oclustesed (Laur i = 41) = Distel buted CE nvixonm ent J Se hemq) SeNor centered ak point C1 H1 xed /nareow a SYyskM funct enaly he SAC, Washing mic. > Embedded (Spec Li I atch OS Ul + fo] r — >| Batch) - | Geteh | U2 —s> CRU U3 T Com pu tee, “5 [Batch a] = UN Process LO Time Ny CPU Lilo Gatend) = J TS To L/o CeuU URN 3aHEn KP Bane Baye © Padi hai : MulHprogvammt OS — No preempt en [focus en move Haan «4 px éeas © [eee{ TT e\ (x40) a preemphen : force fully P Shoppinsy Py “e & Stash other Py Po Ps _7 2 Malt taski CPreemahen arrowed) Eqs Seiffee, f BR OR PR oP R (10 seifice MP) Tare 10 selfice with each®). MT Take S setfee then next . Mul Hpwessing Os (7 ue need - many Processors ferut] oP uv 2[ —~ Nov ex tea “ A) ‘Alo ) “ ) o> Parallelism Treweadtal - FWicteney Im proved) oF Faster Peocessing 7 Relat itty o Pwocess Ve Peo gwar) a fre = coe e Program Process Cdy namic aby) Jf \ees entity) v Re ursiené Tunetion temp var Dynam/, 3 7 Global & Ao cahen Static a Set o Trsteuch 6x, ° Rea | Time Os L Time limit _[ PD eloteyx | — Ly ord {] stePot L, Sofr 2 Yess Stefch PR D & Steuckire of OS [ Cimpenenls of 08 axe owganizccl — gimple ‘nteeconnacha| Applicahen Frog var Easy out 4 ; ; OS Crashey Device | Orley, Cas Usex Bios (Bevia P°g fails) o> Fach Layer has aq Specific te sg = Hreravchy : Loyeg Can use the Seru ce: P»Dviclod by lower y —_ Enettpenclonf ° Miow keyne] Os | Ls Removing au non- essenta| Componen)s of keyne) a a ee G k | ierpoeces.s gon | fepu iy leat ™ Shectu \i Communicahen 4 a " + 7 Mfczpkerne|_ 4 ee _ ee _ _ — Herdware ~ _ oF —? Complex. | kernel Tntteface = OS| “7 Usey Os Cora ma ve Graphical lene. User \. b USE O » USer ferencl Ly Command& ° Ive oh rycal (TOO puch °Teons Technical) °Sysko Col en hanes (ie jaa ca {— a Bre z 7 = haf User ———s OS >) H/o samy) Sc — Process le Henny § Creake | SPEN, Close, delete 2 Veadl, antes “Wsek & get file afr, } F Device Mager f Read eat be, FEQUERE | ve lease } £e postHen 7 TEnformaren § GH System Hime & data ¥ { geh Pe, gh attr? . — Commun cafyen FOveat ycele ble cnnech®n, Ape f 4 Send, .eceKve & Mode —> User (m=') (Applicat? operate hese ) (slave unpavile ged mode ) kernel Cm-=o) (Core OS funchens) C Ma stex/ privileged |eqstem rode) — (uM) Cem Ses < Sys Kk cou ee & Relurn Systen Context) call o YO execuke Swe from Keonol Print we () es Pore. = * bork System cade O + chhld procege l, { Fa vent PPOCOSS PC) fore.) J 4 ferec) Ls antia Porenb techie Pc ) q fore) 2 feck () fork OD ¥ Zz ny chia 4 aoe > e : Re b Child & child childs wre sahil Thee As _ _ [prea s q J Mule ingle Cede Data Frles| Reaister Steck fT Po Pa RS |e Ss les af |s Code Data Pe] ? Single Proce as Cuttiple tabs Paw Boow see) Need Creaking “new Hrtad in Cveronl ~~ PRWcess Veq re lego L'nee & “pork than concn) a Ney Pre ess Threads an Share &) Centexk switching, Is Quhc&. 4) com be tenuinaked in (eas Him commen daly ° Usey level +Hyseac} : — Ls AS tha name su qed > threads ct usee level Ve hese threads Veh Manages User/appl™ —> faster coat > VULT ge blocked entirely CPsvcess) kernel level thread Ls Threads) ver mamaqse} by Opexah salem —= Slowes - (Cs) ———— uP] oj frat Me © Prigsi by i State 5 Cea le Read cele Ving 2 Terminglid d G, A To c a, Emp Hear te, L/o To be. ve Compye a walt e PCR block Ww ° Sche dulers Tob sche cutie L, long Terr Gud Reads) Short Te R bP Tam or CD sia Ren Mecium Term To - Le cess a? CPU é) (P2) ) ¢ storoti, Tiree > 10 OY @ } rate suv Sckeduhyg CPU Schedule ~ soredulee Chat) wo Swa wy Schedule war tblocte> (mM) Cum ) ff CJ walt (SM) Ready / com) © otto} Dom \essey Conkea over Dom Sh Recluces +he Dom lTs ¥ S —e Dom = 40 > . Degree | Malki progmm mira, Cwiich (PE) ta Reody @ Ps atone © CPU Shidul? el # ce L, Pre empl ve. Nom Peeemph ve "SRT eFCRS PLRTE © STF © Round Robi ° LOF on © HRRN 7 . “roy o> Shovkst Remalrf Time fifrse o> Lergest Rematring Time frrer es First Ceme fireb” eve o> Shestest job frre 4 Longest Job firs Highest Respese Rabio werf- — OMe Quake [t! unis for each ©] D Arrival Time’ shen ® enter Hho Ready shale © Bussh Time: Time wequirt, by © to execute , @ waiting Time: [TAT BT] Damn axound Time: LcT- AT J S) Completiert Time: peheon (2) Cornflele PIR execubien © Response Time . \(P) gee cou time )— AT ] ° Nen- PreempA've @ FOFS _ fg Pre AT 87 PAL oO 3 Po 4 4 P3 2: 2 P4 3 4 TAT = CT-aAT WT = TAT—@T CT TAT wt 2 CT CTiavexse Right to dofh) [ Py Po ° 3 % Ps | Py } J to 3 Oo F G 2 3 fp 3 40 F 6 Problem : Starvation @ STe Consider Shortest BT furst) les | Py [Pe [Pa] PafaPot Pe | 4 G6 \o Pro ai TA PL SS Zz PQ lo g P2 6 4 PA 4 4 Op © off ® LT F Ceonsicdve Loree BT CixsPy) Pro AT Br cr TAT Cw PL io Zz Z 3a 7a P2 , 2 + . >. P2 2 ° PY Zz 3 # 5S ~ L 10 £ é A W) Pri} po “PZ i PG o 5S FG 10 @ HRRN Response Ratio= WT + BT BT Pro AT BT Pa Oy GF At £= 9 (P2) completes Po 2 6 P3, 4 ‘e Ps available e P, = (9-4)- 5 3 4 4 WIG carey =3 4 ° > Pp = (Q-eet PS RR PB = St4 - 2-25 ons \_, pq = ats P Ju; a S45 \2¢ [Pifexprs [Ps] rs SEBS U6 og 3 12 [5 20 J+2 - Ce (P3) selected p, » (13-6) =F uno Ps PS = (3-Y =5 RR ary = EPS . 24 QS f6 > 642 2 a5 Zz (?5) select e Preemphye_ makuee ° O sere Ly Poo AT ST cr TAT Wh RT PI of? = € © Pr 4 5 a PR ge o © P4 4 a + L 1 P2 | P2 pr] Par | e 5 | + @ 3 4 \5 O : YO Wap 5 it Phe AL Br CT TAT wT RI e p2 |e 5 14 JO 5 16 \4 see) Pg 4 2 SF 15 4) 8 fer] P| [ps] erf 2 [eal el [PoP (P1 r2[e3]pq| ! 5 ug 5 | u (2 3 2 [pif p2] Ps] pa 1s 14 15 1 te ® Sound Rebhe/) CAT 4Q@ ) mMinCBT,Q) S @=2umtb Eno AD Br CT TAT T Pa oO 4 Ff + a PIT 4 0 5 2 Pook 6 4% Pg Z & ~ 4 [pie fs Ot Paes are _ [ri] e2 at if Po} ral t pee CS = 5 & ci (Preemphie ) Pro Priaritey AT 6T cr TAT wt fr 2. ° 6° l6 16 Pe 4 | s* I 10 P3 6 o 1 $F 5 2 Py g 4 2 6 2 O [ALE Pte Spee —— 1 2°34 5 6 oe (en preemphie ) [ri | Panes | Bf o 2 I 16 oMul# Level Quewe SApalul oe | Gy Ready Queue Ss _ Sysem © CPriovity) Priel | _Tnlevactt ve @® CR &) _ Batch ® > (STF) feedbact y He — ~ > ate - J demeton | ree Preeten Le ° Process S nebo niza Her io Mul ple PROCESSER CCU, Access Shavecl wsoumee without — fnkee-feri woth €ach other fe Meu N teu ry ake ESE ae Process —> Trdepement (No affect) Coopesa tye. Caffect ather a -\, get affected dae dev 5) Resource eg Other) Ly ® Face CendiHen cdata= 100 aS © Oo = data b= data ea #50 bebr5 — Mp —Preempb— Claka = a dake =b data = 105 dake =1.5¢ £4 Count +++ Count -—; D umte Ri, Count © waite R2,Cownl @® [Ne # ® DEC Ro. @ wre Count Ry ® wee Court, R2. “A [,® .@ \ \ eo co | ee —_ ; a Entey Sechen c odtHeal se cken| = Exth S&cHsn > Cotteal Sch Or Preélem (s0/") re Com HERR eo © Mubtal Exclusien fos] pot (Pa) { at_a ume ~ @} only? OF Process @ Proevess Inttesteo Process can po [es ] Not Inteceattol PY should not step in teers Hel CP) . @) Goundeo) warttre CNot mandakecey ) A Bound ov lPmiF shew exitof for a process to how ma HDB oe precéss can enter trerrfCs]. esq Cv) i 263 PD oO > Cx) Wa - - 00 > © Soluvens ® Two Process Solutvon *) Torn Valutible. Pi & whlle Cr) while Cu) wh? le CTum | =0); ‘ while Turn) 21): CS cos Turn= 1 Turne 0° — Ncs wINCS f } e Mukial Lx ctigien ° Progress he re Musk Go to CS +hem paly Pl cam. visi cs] 5) A reay [Flag J ath oof whe (Oo ove while Cr) Foy = Tue RB “True. whele CF C41) while CF Lol ) cs GS F [oJ= Fase. FCI} = False NCS Raa P, Po when [TF | T | ° \ “ ~ No pepcess oe entee in Cp aA we encounters) “ Dead lock.” solubion °) felteson's solu > use [Turn vanab fe | [ Plag age f os ay | P| Tye ete Pe) while cv) while C1) 5 . FLol= Tue ‘ees Tae Turns 4 deine while (Turnz=4 2 & exilet Ties :* FLIP = Ta) c mene ys a F hetp= Fats ce . € Nes < ¢ 6 hock Vora ble < oor Iso" ® while CLocke= | ); Entey @ Lock=t ®cs @ Leceso { ExSt © Leck! =o ® sek Loc=| @ Ene cs — > = r< @® Lock=o behowier (NO conflfct A\ ag Nene) Bub @ lock): 2 ® lock| =o Peeemph— Oelock 2 Il CO selocks | O@CS eos @ ¥ Mukul exclusion Cx) o Tesh & seb Hexen oe. combing O & @ ‘ancl Make RE an abo mic indteuchron . Camb) Ne honce Name whe Jest & seh ® Teab | a & ® se: locke =4 : . oy [ chile C Testa cetC & lock); J es Leck = False Nes S$ Boolean Jeab& ser CBealeam + target ) Balear) B= * bavgeh 2 target =Twe 7 we barn = s) Lock. Konget Ss [aise <— | “f [forse] oS Ema proves _ es Dies tea C1965) Managing Concuyet nt PPO cesses Use “4 a Thtegek Youu © “ Cvana ble ) Riney semaphore Ca’ oe 0) PCs) £ walt VY CS) § si » Sleep of down ) gral, Wa keep or up) P ¢ Semaphore S) V (Semaphore 3) whale (Ss <0); S++! s- , ; © code PCs) {es | VCs) XANes Q>© @ @ oN oo worf as tes (s=se) S=f Se 4 G) e Counhing _Semapheee (- 2c +o 00) € Int vandbl evolu PCS) )S=5 [_e€s ~ (OC | VCs) Block (sr PCaemaehece S) V (.Semaphowe s) i SG a— S = S+) CS 0 (No @ in Block IPshD © Prrducee Censumek Problem - Producer C) f Consumer ays . tule (pueyf wule (Te) { Wait CFO) "Produce anfem walt Crate) ° . Consume ©)" watt CEmpty)} ‘ walk ( Mut) | Signal Craw Ha J Inseat): Sig nal (Empty); Sig nal Crate) Sig nal Chul), A y 7 FUL O° Filled positions : . SPICER REmaphece —> Emply sy’ empky op acek Ue > For mutttal excludsan > Readit- wate Preblare_ Car have IRead ee | Gut ar fru (w-w) &y Nob Reaolee ( df waht Cmetex) RO FE FP (RC ==1) Welt C wale) signal Crufex) Read C) VES Walt (mupec) RC ee FE CRO==0) Signal Cun'fee ) (0?) Cecry) 4% blocked . Dead lock flop pehle a Eh Allocabed Request 1) Rea (3 Allocaked ZY Coes 5 th 2 D 5 5 a Fe i Cond) PH eres fre doadloce —> MuPhaal Exclusien — Hole” & Walt FM, Preemphen rule wast Be nly Le Can Uae Reasouva a & Lng CNon- shaca a) eHOlo % uch : : (Pi) heating a leaal- CK Resousee & wail te PVE VE SOUT thet ake acgul xed ey Offze x (F). evo Preemplten : ® Cant ently release the § Resource voluntorih afte Completing He (POLLS eCfreilae werhy: a @. @) 7 ee 6) ——=(f AU “Condi HENS priuch be holds y © DeadlocK, Handling Method s @ Prevent dts alweufs bette dren. Cure: Na Deadlock should not happen.” very stefeL” Drive. Slow & preven ace iden \ © Mutual fxctusion © Nobalh we sources Can ~ be made Shereakda. e Hold & webb + can Vilate TE yp | oo AY Pocess Sheulot. To request foe Time ow PVE atl repre adetitonal Risouree oe ~ wos . Ye Source bgorve first weiease py “4 Renn, Resource tak € ewe tS bej held. NOF atloweal 40 Ruin "d oho Pre €or PL Br: an voilake Tr Gb Pree mphen can be. Seng based en poonity o SM artahay Was} 1 Sem vorlatt ie / : Process cam wee veh wsource In higher / inc seasi nq order > Avotdance 7 you can pre very bu 40 avoid rEG ‘, ; CA pit tess, sel ch) ~" wtewe we Fey to peovidt ali infetd *Bemeess wigatth SH Teel = (5,5,5) Ri) & RH* ® Aocatd = (5° 4 3) Avollable= Co, 1, 2) R\ Ro RB RIA Re RB Po \ a | 4 Oo 32 Plo2 © \ O A 2 P2 a2 \ 4 2 0 LAtvocated | [weed / Reavestd) SO we cam FeV GN the need of MH Need» AO Y\ BD ancilable @ Oo 12 New Available = 2 © | +O 42 a2|3 Next, Ro Nek ce) NAs | 2) NAS B34 2 13. a2 2 | 334 ‘sss * Deteclon & Recover CBankex’ M40 ) (Resource atiocahien ° = NU Png thin Reco deed Pro cess Terminals, Resourey Preernphen Graph) Ta norance [ asterch Atgo rithm | — —~ Windows 7 Mae NO Cencept alcadloce exists Pofow Hees apprwacn to hancie déadlock | Tg nor * 7d dB a Ram ever... ana the Cosk requ red 6 hamd |e Deadlock rs hig6. © Recoyurce MUocaten aaph - node/ vertex \ vo b Process Resource @ 1 v Single Mul He Instance. Tnstancy Jone Assign Req vest Le—>(P) OR If Cy ha Ry a exists +s 7 Dead loc & { (Pag I< —(P| Moxy [ May Nob or be present Ry “S rf cycle doe's'b Allocakeel Ree euch a Ee RO CRay cas -cR2) Deadlock Po A oO O 4 Ao es f ¢| ° 1 1 O ecisht Avculable LO,O] 1 Po Pix THE TS aAAdsad\ecke sftaaHen- an Manag enw |) Proper |e front fopih eal \s te Lut izaiten sf PRY 2) Mull prog raring Me _ out CPU Thme_ Cleas) gis ey meneey hlerare rs) ae) _O ae ® Process LL Ho Degvee x cpu | Of uP UH isa Vy > NO <\ process in MM () Me MO Non - Contiguous 7 Fog? ay mentahen Seg mented Fixed Varta bie "t pag tng Pas HHeA portthen a] w> CF) m <=: | \ } OS Os ~ Combate ud [ Adar. Trad lahen | (Relocation Regis te) PA =. DA + BA [| 7 ,* Physical Lo gical Base Adar. Addy addy Copy CGiven) ey cpu) ° Fixed part Hening \ - Ls fixed no: e] porten s > Port len Size may be du Ff exent —> Spannin Not Atlowed . > Wasteae eo CIF) Ly Size Grits Porn CY boyve max BB) TI §=OeReTr Unequal Equal Fant Honing Poss H enir : Prvcees sing | CNob atlowed ) ofa TL) Porton IF Size > Degree of Malh pre grorem ing is ‘ot ffected here > Exteenal fre gary Falher exPe}g C Have space ark Coun! Re Uocalke 4e @) / Due to Comba vous Cenc Hen \ © Vartobly fake iat fay H Heng C Dynamic Nature) NO Yoternal Traq menbahior Exter rok Prag mental Bry &xtsp No affect en Dom. NO Regttichon en Process Size. wee NOW +0. Remove tre ER preblem J Proce ag Shiflira bub Vamable si LTV frm start Toy ¢ P| PS=4MB (Picot Pep) SMa [ Last atlocaHen Search) P2 E = br Pee BMG C Next i) loma —% = 8mMB (Best eft) P3 Qless Wwosyed 6} sPace) Cless TF) “CEnttve 'M’ scsi 15Me —F8 = SMB Cwerst ppt) Pg OS Cmost wastage 64 space) (More TE) & Kon Contiguous “mony AUocaHten \ Ls Used te Fix CER) SO herve oluweuls wire e to curahy at he no eh holex H their (aise +0 partiHen Hu Proc eXxs accordinaky Fag es . , = mF Framex, Frfo ot) J o\o i 2 3/ \\4_ 5 6 +) PLo] 2\8 3 wu B 213 14 15 PL 4 [ie Tes 5S |e 2 22 23] Pl2q © | 24 25 26 oe z 2891 solar T PLSI Process Stags =16ER Page Sig § = 4B= ~ Frome stag MM sige = ase Noe pages= 16 = 4pogen No: of homes Se = 36nd regical aad Framsiien Phystcal Addy Pte] 2 bik 2bPE ae a MoOO oosits figoo-S Geo | O15 ae [ : Ie o 1 0234R ; PLY} | | (ap ae eed 5” Byte = Logical addy moo @1 [ot er) Physteah addr oe no pyit alge: ig e Table > deka Dae Shuck & — process hak Ah Stpavale PT ,storecl ?n MM — > No G] Wo Entties | Pages of Im PT Lys Page Table No: en cy Size ~ Soles. ° fea 2 eB P. lreblem ; need 2 Access Ly Porge Table Ly Ac tttal oyke Hake @ Storage OFT Read (To store PT) @. T0AlaH En Ps COMPLEX FLAK

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