IELTS General Training

Volume 5
Listening Practice Test 1

HOW TO USE
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Questions 1-10
Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Transport Information Service

Example Answer

Destination: Bath

Distance: 1 miles

Type of transportation: one and a half hours 2

Charge: £30 3 , or £ 4 return

Mini-cab service: 5 service provided by London cab office

Hotel name: 6

Arrival day: on Friday the 7

Card number: 8

Customer's name: Olivia 9

Address: 115 Victoria Smith Hotel, Trowbridge Street, Bath

Post code: 10

Questions 11-16
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

Mountain Cycling Viking

11 The company has supplied family cycling holidays all over Europe

A since 1990.

B since 2000.

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 C since 2005.

12 Recently the company is running the cycling holidays in

A Germany and the Netherlands.

B Germany and Italy.

C Germany and France.

13 The company offers bicycles and equipment for children

A under 18.

B under 10.

C under 8.

14 The company has a no-noise rule after

A 11 o’clock in the evening.

B 10 o’clock in the evening.

C 9 o’clock in the evening.

15 How much discount is given to customers who apply for membership?

A 10 percent

B 15 percent

C 20 percent

16 What does the company offer to customers who are recommended by their
friends?

A a discount on some facilities

B a souvenir

C a free trip

Questions 17-20
Complete the sentences below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
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In the campsites, the company prepares basic things, such as portable gas canisters,
cooking utensils, tents and 17

Unless using the cooking facilities in the camping car, guests can enjoy cooking with
18

At the centre of the campsites, there is both a 19 and shop.

The company offers 20 through the mountain or an aerobic class free of

charge.

Questions 21-23
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

21 What kind of business is managed in small or home companies?

A medium-size enterprise

B family member company

C individual business

22 What two groups did Robert compare with each other?

A rural and urban

B the old and the young

C male and female

23 What is the main problem a small company faces?

A marketing and finance

B accounting and economy

C business and marketing

Questions 24-30
Complete the sentences below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

The other two topics the tutor mentions are 24 and managing.

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What a top manager should be targeting is to recognise 25 and
filter responsibility.

When employees do not agree with the target, employers should deal with them by
cooperating, compromising and 26 .

The department which is responsible for finding the best staff is 27 .

When all workers are following the rules and policies in the company, an employer
would give them 28

The responsibility of the CEO is sharing every worker’s thoughts as well as

29 the organisational culture.

The balance between staff and manager 30 .

Questions 31-35
Complete the summary below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

ART OF INCAN CIVILIZATION

In Peru there are both engravings and 31 . According to historians, most of the
engravings show 32 with the purpose both complicated and mixed. Also, the
tracks of artworks are 33 .

In addition, the natural phenomenon’s appearance of the engraving has 34 . Now,

many specialists believe that wall art was more about 35 .

Questions 36-40
Complete the sentences below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

The severe problems of harming the wall painting are both touching and
36 .

Most of the visitors can acquire educational knowledge from the 37 .

Some 38 are installed in the forest, which is the hazardous thing.

The way to feel the wall painting is not touching, but leaving it because it is
39
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For taking a picture there, you shouldn’t 40 any old materials.

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 Solution:

1 115 2 by train

3 one way 4 40.50

5 door-to-door 6 Victoria Smith

7 10th of October 8 6606 7707 1212 0008

9 Turnner 10 BA26AY

11 B 12 C

13 C 14 B

15 C 16 A

17 sleeping bags 18 (a) barbecue/(a) barbeque

19 cafeteria 20 (a) bushwalk

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 21 B 22 C

23 C 24 personal talent

25 other views 26 persuading

27 (the) human resource (department) 28 (an) incentive

29 understanding 30 takes time

31 paintings 32 totemism

33 sophisticated 34 god faces

35 enchantment 36 scratching

37 field trip 38 traps

39 fragile 40 move

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Review and Explanations
1 Answer: 115
From the question, we suggest that the answer of Q1 must be a number and the key
word is miles
Therefore we can concentrate on finding a number followed by “miles” to find the
correct answer, which is “115”.
However, the problem arise as the answer of the next question is lied within the same
sentence.

2 Answer: by train
For Q2, we expected to hear one type of transportation such as: car, train, boat,
etc…. And the key word to help us track the answer is one and a half hours
Bear that in mind and you will find the answer “by train” easily.

3 Answer: one way

The keywords concerned in Q3 and Q4 must be “£30” and “return”.
We can use our common sense to predict the answer of this question. From the
question, as the second clause mentions about return, we can predict that the first
clause can be one way or words with similar meaning.
After tracking using keywords, we can find the answer forQ3 is one way

4 Answer: 40.50
The keywords concerned in Q3 and Q4 must be “£30” and “return”.
We can use our common sense to predict the answer of this question. From the
question, as the second clause mentions about return, we can predict that the first
clause can be one way or words with similar meaning. Also, we can expect the answer
of Q4 must be a number as the question is about price.
After tracking using keywords, we can find the answer forQ4 is 40.50

5 Answer: door-to-door
The keywords concerned in Q5 must be “mini-cab service”.
This is quite a straight forward question. We just need to track for the keyword to find
the answer, which is door-to-door.
Remember to focus only on the keyword as there is a lot of other information which
isn’t included in any question.

6 Answer: Victoria Smith

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The keywords concerned in Q6 must be “Hotel”.
From the question, we can assume that the answer must be a name.
Be aware that the customer asked if it was “possible to make a reservation” after she
named the hotel. It means we should not jump directly to conclusion without any
confirmation.
After the agent confirm with the customer, we are sure thatVictoria Smith is the
correct answer.
Note: It is smart to always stay alert to this kind of trick. In some case, they may give a
number of names, and the only way we can decide which one is the correct answer
is through a confirmation like above.
While finding keyword before listening to the record, you may see the name of the
hotel in address section, which means: free point. It is less likely to happen in real
situation, but we never know if it is a lucky day

7 Answer: 10th of October

The keywords concerned in Q7 must be “arrive” and “Friday”.
From the question, we can assume that the answer must bea date. Therefore we will
also wait for words like “date” to catch our answer.
The answer is 10th of October.

8 Answer: 6606 7707 1212 0008

The keywords concerned in Q8 must be “card number”.
From the question, we can assume that the answer must bea series of number.
The answer is straightforward here. However, training your ear to listen to words like
“double”, “triple” will help a lot in this kind of question.
You can double check your answer to see if there are 16 digits in total.

9 Answer: Turnner
The keyword concerned in Q9 must be “name” and “Olivia”.
From the question, we can assume that the answer must bea name.
It is easy to track the part with customer’s name, however the main challenge is to
write down the name correctly. Remember that they usually spell name letter by letter,
therefore it will be wise to stay focus even if you miss the first time.

10 Answer: BA26AY
The keywords concerned in Q10 must be “post code”.
Be aware that post code may be different from place to place, some contains number
but some conclude of both number and letter. Therefore, be ready to listen to both
letter and number in such kind of question.
One more thing to be concerned is to differentiate between letter “P” and letter “B”.

11 Answer: B

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The keywords concerned in Q11 must be “cycling holiday” and “Europe”.
From the question, we expect that the answer must be a year.
The keyword “cycling holiday” had been mentioned a couple of time, thus, to find the
correct answer, we should pay more attention to the keyword “Europe”. The answer is
B, since 2000
This question is a good example of how to choose keywords wisely. We should prefer
word with more specific detail to focus on.

12 Answer: C
From the question, we expected to listen to 2 or more of these four countries. However,
Germany is included in every option so we just need to concern about the Netherlands,
Italy, or France.
It is quite clear that France is what we are looking for, as only France was mentioned in
the record.

13 Answer: C
T h e keywords concerned in Q13 must be “children” and “bicycles and
equipment”.
This is quite a straightforward question, the answer “under 8” is mentioned directly in
the record.
We can also excluded option “under 18” by using our common sense. The special
bicycles and equipment should be used by small kids whose age is smaller than 10.
Therefore, they normally make it more specific such as “under 8” or “under 10” rather
than “under 18”.

14 Answer: B
The keyword concerned in Q14 must be “no-noise rule”.
From the question, we expect to listen to a period of time as the answer.
They may trick us by giving 9.00 pm in the next sentence but if we listen carefully
enough, the answer is 10.00 pm.

15 Answer: C
The keyword concerned in Q15 must be “membership”.
The new member will receive a 20% discount. Therefore the answer for Q15 is C.

16 Answer: A
The keyword concerned in Q16 must be “friends” and “recommend”.
They states that the customers who are recommended by friends can get15%
discount, which means the answer must be A: a discount on some facilities.

17 Answer: sleeping bags

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T h e keyword concerned in Q17 must be “portable gas canisters”, “cooking
utensils” and “tents”.
It is quite a straightforward question, we just need to track with the keyword to find the
answer. In such kind of question that there are a list of things, we can be sure that the
order of these things will appear the same in the question. Therefore, the main
challenge is to find the first keyword “portable gas canisters”, and the answer will be
after “tent”.

18 Answer: (a) barbecue/(a) barbeque

The keyword concerned in Q18 must be “unless”, “camping car”.
We note that they use unless in the question, therefore we can expect to find our
answer in a negative sentence. The question is a paraphrase of “doesn’t want to
cook in the cooking car”, a negative sentence as what we suggested, and the answer
is a barbecue.

19 Answer: cafeteria
The keyword concerned in Q19 must be “central area of the campsites”.
The tricky part of this question is that the keyword lie behind the answer, thus many
student may miss this question as we do not know that was the answer to focus
listening to.
If we can overcome this difficulty, we can find “cafeteria and shop” is the correct
answer.

20 Answer: (a) bushwalk

The keyword concerned in Q20 must be “through the mountain”.
From the question, we expect that the answer will appear before the keyword
“through the mountain”. So the problem is similar toQ19, but we know it
beforehand this time. Stay alert all the time is the only key to the answer.
The answer for Q20 is bushwalk.

21 Answer: B
The keywords concerned in Q21 must be “small companies”.
From the passage, the tutor is asking about small companies, therefore we can expect
to find the answer of Q21 in the reply of Robert.
Robert said “a family business” which is similar to option B ➔ family member
company is the correct answer.

22 Answer: C
The keywords concerned in Q22 must be “compare”.
From the question, we expect that there will be comparison between 2 groups.
Therefore we should pay attention to words related to a comparison phrase such as:
“difference” and “between”.
The answer is synonyms of option C. male and female.

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23 Answer: C
The keywords concerned in Q23 must be “problems”.
So what we want to find out is theproblem. Let start analyze this question by looking
at what the tutor asked Robert. The tutor wanted to know the effects, which is similar
to advantage and drawback, of family member company. Therefore we can expect to
find the answer of Q23 from Robert’s reply.
As we suggest, Robert started replying by telling the advantage of the company first.
Thus, when we listen to words with contrast meaning such as “however” or
“unfortunately”, we know that the answer for Q23 is near, as the following must be
drawbacks or problems.
The answer must include of marketing as it appears in the dialogue. The meaning of
management are closer to “business” rather than “finance”, therefore we choose C.

24 Answer: personal talent

The keywords concerned in Q24 must be “two topics”, and “managing”.
For this question, we know that the answer must come from the tutor, therefore we can
focus on what he says to find the answer.
When he said “two more things”, we know that the answer must be near.
We can find personal talent as the answer for Q24.

25 Answer: other views

The keywords concerned in Q25 must be “targeting”, and “filter responsibility”.
We use targeting to locate the passage containing the answer; and filter
responsibility to identify the correct answer, which will lie in front of the keyword.
We can find other views as the answer forQ25.

26 Answer: persuading
The keywords concerned in Q26 must be “cooperating” and “compromising”.
The same goes for Q17, this question contains a list of things. Therefore, we just need
to track for the keyword and find the answer easily as it will follow the order from the
question.
The answer for Q26 is persuading.

27 Answer: (the) human resource (department)

The keyword concerned in Q27 must be “staff”, and “responsibility”.
The question is a paraphrase of “looking for new staff ”. Therefore, if we can notice
this, it is easy to find answer of Q27 is human resource department

28 Answer: (an) incentive

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The keyword concerned in Q28 must be “following the rules and policies”.
A straightforward question, we just need to track the keyword for finding the answer
“an incentive”.

29 Answer: understanding
The keyword concerned in Q29 is “CEO”, and “sharing every worker’s thoughts”.
Keep in mind that the structure “as well as” in the question may have the same
meaning with “not only…but also” in this case.
After tracking using keyword, we can find that “understanding” is the answer for
Q29.

30 Answer: takes time

The keyword concerned in Q30 must be “balance between staff and manager”.
The only challenge in this question is how to fill the answer. So the best choice is to
follow what is spoken in the record, which is “takes time”.

31 Answer: paintings
The keywords concerned in Q31 must be “Peru” and “engraving”.
From the question, we can assume that the answer must bea noun.
We can find the answer for Q31 is paintings easily

32 Answer: totemism
The keywords concerned in Q32 must be “engraving”, and “show”
The only challenge is that the answer for Q31 and Q32 are to close, therefore we may
miss it if we didn’t pay enough attention.
The verb “show” is extremely useful to track the answer “totemism” in this case.

33 Answer: sophisticated
The keywords concerned in Q33 must be “tracks”.
From the question, we can assume that the answer must bean adjective.
This one is a very tricky question, because if we chose “artwork” as keyword to depend
on, we might have a high chance to miss this question.
If we can catch the keyword “tracks”, the adjective followed by it,sophisticated, is the
answer.

34 Answer: god faces

The keywords concerned in Q34 must be “natural phenomenon”
From the question, we can assume that the answer must bea noun.
Throughout the passage that contains the keyword, we can only findgod faces to be
suitable for the Q34.

35 Answer: enchantment
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The keywords concerned in Q35 must be “believe”, and “wall art”.
From the question, we can assume that the answer must bea noun
The question is just a paraphrase of what is spoken from the record, therefore it is easy
to spot that enchantment is the answer.

36 Answer: scratching
The keywords concerned in Q36 must be “problem”, and “touching”.
From the question, we can assume that the answer must bean act or a movement.
We note that there are 2 things that damages the wall painting. The order will be the
same in the question, and answer will follow by “touching”.
The answer for Q36 is scratching.

37 Answer: field trip

The keywords concerned in Q37 must be “visitors”, and “educational experience”.
From the question, we can assume that the answer must bea noun.
If we can overcome the only obstacle that the keyword is lie behind the answer, we can
find the answer “field trip” easily.

38 Answer: traps
The keywords concerned in Q38 must be “hazardous thing”.
This question is truly difficult as there is almost nothing that you can depend on to find
the answer.
Keyword such that “installed”, “forest” didn’t help much in this case.
The only thing that can help you to decide thattrap is the answer, is the keyword
hazardous thing, which is a paraphrase of dangerous from the passage.

39 Answer: fragile
The keywords concerned in Q39 must be “no touching”, “just leave it”.
From this question, we can assume that the answer forQ39 must be an adjective.
We just need to track the keyword to find the answer in this case.
The answer is quite obvious “fragile” if we can locate the passage to focus on.

40 Answer: move
The keywords concerned in Q40 must be “old materials”, and “take a picture”.
From this question, we can assume that the answer forQ40 must be a verb.
Easy question here, all we need to do is to focus on the keyword to track the passage
and get the answer.
The answer we need to find for Q40 is “move”.

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 Audio Script:

SECTION 1
AGENT: Hello, this is the National Express Transport Information service centre at
London Heathrow Airport. May I help you?

CUSTOMER: Hi, good afternoon. Um, I’m calling from New York. Um, I’m ying to
Heathrow Airport on Friday, and I need to get to a town called, um, Example Bath. Could
you tell me how I can get there?

AGENT: Bath, right? Let me see. I think that’s about Q1 115 miles west of here. So it’ll
take about one and a half hours Q2 by train.

CUSTOMER: Wow! It’s quite a long way, isn’t it?

AGENT: Yes, I’m afraid so.

CUSTOMER: Right. Well, I don’t really want to take a coach I suppose. Can you give me
some more information about the discount ticket prices that are available at the moment?

AGENT: OK. How about an Express Coach Shuttle Service to Bath? It’s faster than an
ordinary coach and the ticket price is not that expensive.

CUSTOMER: Hmmm, can you tell me how much that would cost?

AGENT: Certainly. Let’s see, it would be £30 Q3 one way, or £ Q4 40.50 in return.

CUSTOMER: Great, that’s not too bad.

AGENT: It goes directly from the airport here to Bath and it’s pretty fast. But you have to
bear in mind

that there is only three departures a day, such as 09:00 a.m., 02:00 p.m. and 06:00 p.m.,
so it depends what time the flight arrives.

CUSTOMER: Oh, I see. We’ll get there at 12:30 p.m.

AGENT: Hmmm, that’s not too bad. The second bus leaves at 02:00 p.m., so you would
have quite a wait.

CUSTOMER: I’m just wondering. Is there any mini-cab service there? I mean a Q5 door-
to-door service because I will bring a lot of packages.

AGENT: Okay, I’ll just contact the London cab office for you now.

CUSTOMER: Do you know how much it will be?

AGENT: Just a moment, let me check. It’s £85 for single fee normally. So that’s about
twice the price of
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the Express Coach Shuttle Service’s.

CUSTOMER: Oh, that doesn’t sound too bad. I will go for that then.

AGENT: Where will you stay there? Hotel or B&B?

CUSTOMER: I’ll be at Q6 Victoria Smith Hotel. Is it possible to make a reservation for that
now?

AGENT: Sure, Right, so what date do you want to book this for?

CUSTOMER: I will arrive there on Friday, the Q7 10th of October.

AGENT: And this is for just one person or...?

CUSTOMER: Two people, me and my sister.

AGENT: Right. Your arrival time will be 12:30 p.m. What sort of credit card will you be
using?

CUSTOMER: I’m a Visa Card holder.

AGENT: Could I have your 16 digit card number, please?

CUSTOMER: Okay, let me see, Q8 6606 7707 1212 0008.

AGENT: No problem. And what’s your name, please?

CUSTOMER: Olivia Q9 Turnner, that’s T-U-R-double N-E-R.

AGENT: Okay, thank you, madam.

CUSTOMER: Could you tell me the hotel address, sir?

AGENT: OK. 115 Victoria Smith Hotel, Trowbridge Street, Bath.

CUSTOMER: And the post code, please?

AGENT: Q10 BA2 6AY.

CUSTOMER: Lovely, thank you.

AGENT: OK. That seems to be everything. Have a nice trip, madam.

CUSTOMER: Yes, bye, thank you for your help.

AGENT: You’re welcome, goodbye.

SECTION 2
Thank you for visiting our company, Mountain Cycling Viking. This evening we will be
celebrating our anniversary. Actually, we are so happy to see many people in the
conference room. Let me start by giving you some information about the company and a

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brief history.

The company was launched fty years ago. It initially opened as a wholesale selling
mountain cycling equipment, and then from thirty years ago, it introduced a range of
attractive cycling courses In the UK, and started organising cycling holidays. Q11 Over
the years the company has developed and grown considerably and since 2000 has been
offering family cycling holidays all around Europe.

If you go on a cycling holiday with us, you’ll have the opportunity to choose from hundreds
of different sites. Q12 Nowadays, we manage 53 sites in rural Germany. We also have a
number of promotions taking place in France. We are also making plans to expand into
Scandinavia. All of our sites have been upgraded and we plan to launch more each year.

We are so proud to offer spectacular sites and facilities for the whole family to enjoy.
Q13 Also parents who want to enjoy a holiday with their young children need not worry
about keeping them occupied during the day as we have a lot of bicycles and equipment
available for children under 8. Our kids programme is organised and run by our well-
quali ed and professional staff and coaches. Each day the kids start with a short warm-
up course and a cooling-down course that is no more than 5 km in a rural area not far
from the central city. This programme includes an emergency rst-aid course and some
bicycle repairs training. In the evening, there are different events to enjoy by the camp re
such as singing or dancing with refreshments. Q14 We have a no-noise rule after 10:00
p.m. So, all children’s events normally nish at 9:00 p.m. Security guards patrol the
campsites from 10:00 p.m. until 7:00 a.m. the next morning.

The Mountain Cycling Viking also deeply wants all customers to register as members. If
you haven’t joined the company’s membership scheme yet, Q15 when you apply you can
get a 20% discount on all charges including the insurance fee. Also, you’ll receive the
company’s monthly newsletter and promotional leaflets.

There are many advantages to choosing Mountain Cycling Viking, and to recommending it
to your friends and relatives. As a regular customer, you’ll be kept informed of special
events for the holiday season, and Q16 the friends who you recommend can get a 15%
discount on things such as luxury camping facilities. In return, we’ll offer you a souvenir.

When it comes to our bicycles and camping facilities, we only offer things of the highest
quality. We really do think of everything from portable gas canisters and cooking utensils
to tents and Q17 sleeping bags. If a member of your family doesn’t want to cook in the
cooking car, you are able to use Q18 a barbecue If you ask for it in advance. Also, we will
offer a special cool box to keep food and drinks chilled. All of our sites are equipped with
excellent washing facilities and places you can leave your children and pets. All sites have
a Q19 cafeteria and shop in the central area of the campsites. Furthermore, we have a
small hospital staffed by two doctors and three nurses who are very kind and caring.
During the holiday, your guide will take anyone who is interested on Q20 a bushwalk
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through the mountain or teach an aerobics class free of charge. And now, allow me to
introduce our president, Mr. David Gear.

SECTION 3
TUTOR: Umm, you’ve been looking at different styles of personal marketing in small
companies and the workplace in the UK. So how’s the coursework going, Robert?

ROBERT: Well I’ve been looking at why some people decide to run their own business.
Market research shows that personal management is a critical area. When you think about
any small business, Q21 it is usually a family business. They are also trained and
developed as a group. Of course, they may have different ideas but these ideas are based
on their experiences and education, so it is critical that all members are able to brainstorm
with each other.

TUTOR: So what do you think about differences of opinion in the workplace?

ROBERT: Umm, I think that there are many reasons why this can occur. The research
particularly focuses on personality managing within a small company. Actually, it clearly
shows Q22 the difference between men and women in terms of their methods and
solutions at work.

TUTOR: Right, so... did you research the effects of family members working together
within a small company?

ROBERT: Of course, I did. One advantage of this is being able to share thoughts and
Ideas with others in a way that stimulates the mind and helps save money. However,
unfortunately, each new idea can cause controversy between employees and cause
problems in Q23 marketing and management.

TUTOR: I agree, Robert. Now, two more things we need to talk about are Q24 personal
talent and managing it effectively. So, Monica, did you have a perception of different
talents among employees? And how do you think it is efficient for employers to work?

MONICA: In my case, teamwork is emphasised in the workplace, so the personal skills of

employees can often be overlooked. The thing that employers should be targeting is an
acceptance of Q25 other views and filter responsibility appropriately.

TUTOR: That’s right, Monica. However, unfortunately many top managers think it is too
difficult to make a unit when all employees’ ideas are put together.

MONICA: I see, that should be the case but I think one of the hardest tasks for
employers Is considering the wants and needs of each employee, such as nding ways of
cooperating, compromising and sometimes Q26 persuading the employees when they
don’t accept the target. So, it requires creative and broad thinking with other people.

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TUTOR: So, what kind of people do you think are best for these companies?

MONICA: Well, the best solution starts from when the companies are looking for new
staff. Of course, the responsibility of Q27 the human resource department should be to
choose the best staff. Also, they have to learn and research personal management and
psychological tests with confirmation of qualifications. It’s so essential for them.

TUTOR: So, how about if the best team members are overestimated?

MIONICA: No, they’re not overestimated. You just need to learn steadily if you’re
working in an organization.

TUTOR: Right, so... how should managers cope with this situation?

MIONICA: It’s a carrot and stick. If all employees are following the rules and policies of
the company, a man ager may give them Q28 an incentive in order to save time and
costs. Also, the incentive can be either a working condition they want to change or
money.

TUTOR: Great. It’s your turn, Robert. How important is it for a manager to be a good
performer?

ROBERT: Umm, managing CEO means not only sharing all employees’ thoughts, but
also Q29 understanding the culture of the organization. Actually, there needs to be a
balance between creative minds and personal decisions during working time.

TUTOR: Exactly. Well done, Robert.

ROBERT: Thank you, sir. Clearly, sometimes, it is hard for the managing CEO to control
the system. For instance, they should manage the changes in the workplace caused by
crisis or loss with caution.

TUTOR: Right, sometimes, certain situations cause problems for the future management
of the company. Do you follow me, Robert?

ROBERT: Yes, I do. Actually, I have one more thing to say about high stress levels in the
workplace. It Q30 takes time for a balance to be found between employers and
employees.

TUTOR: That’s a very interesting idea. So let’s move on and talk about the marketing
mix.

SECTION 4
Good morning, everyone!

The rst workshop is in preparation for our anthropological eldwork in the Incan
Civilization of South America; we are so happy to have received funding for separate
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studies for this eld trip from our organization, so I shall expect over 90% attendance
from you. In this workshop I’m going to begin by offering a brief introduction
to contemporary studies on wall painting, and in the second part I’m going to show some
examples of fieldwork, so please listen carefully.

I’m going to focus on interpretations of wall painting art in Peru. Fortunately, we are going
to explain an area where you can nd some of the most critical sites in the world. And I
deeply hope to show you how they were made - this is the rst and most important
chapter we must study.

In Peru there are both engravings and Q31 paintings. Many of the engravings show
Q32 totemism and most historians tend to think that the purpose of these was
complicated and mixed. This wall art was like a museum guide book with pictures to teach
students about the artworks. They represent nature - sun, moon, wind, water, re, and so
forth.

However, there were several mysteries. When you rst see a typical Inca engraving or
painting, you can see that the tracks are Q33 sophisticated. There are tracks for the
movement of nature. Today, we’ll learn how to make tracking.

Now there are two more things to consider. Why are some of the engravings of natural
phenomenon very delicate but clearly ideological and others realistic?

Another mystery is some of the realistic natural phenomenon - that’s in the engravings.
For instance, some have Q34 god faces. Many researchers now think that these are
pictures that were engraved by the craft masters. They believed they could use the
providence of nature they had drawn, so the hunters could then mimic them for
prosperity.

Most historians thought that the visitors looked at the wall paintings to understand their
origins and solve the puzzles of the art and culture of the pictures. Now many scholars
believe that wall art was more about Q35 enchantment. And we’ll learn more about them
next session.

In the third part of the workshop I’d like to explain some of the implications of our explored
prehistoric site and understanding the wall arts.

We’re going to visit lots of sites related to them. The single largest problem at these sites
is visitors unintentionally touching and Q36 scratching the wall paintings.

Whenever you go over to a site in Inca, you’ll learn and conserve many things made from
the Incas because they are of good value to prehistoric research. Through the Q37 field
trip, these visitors are able to get an educational experience.

And there are some essential rules to show you. There are Q38 traps that can happen
suddenly and are very dangerous. Actually, they were a safe guard against enemies. So,
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you should always follow the information board in the forest with a local tour guide.

So, how are we going to feel the wall painting in our eld trip? Don’t forget: no touching,
just leave it. The wall painting is Q39 fragile, and it is also a part of Peruvian heritage and
a national treasure. This lesson is joining with a local community on the site. They run a
special course and a trip around the historical site once a month.

Obviously, scratching or touching on the wall paintings can destroy in a moment what has
lasted for thousands of years of Incan Civilization. Please, try to be extra careful and look
out for your mates. Look carefully every-vhere! And lastly please don’t Q40 move any old
materials to take a picture.

Well, that’s about all I want to say, but if you have any questions, please ask them now.
Right, do you have any questions so far?

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