CPP: LOGARITHM FACULTY ID: MNJ

SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT

1. The value of log 3 2

5832 is
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 5

2. The value of log 7 log 7 7 7 7 is

(a) 3 log2 7 (b) 1  3 log7 2 (c) 1  3 log2 7 (d) 3 log7 2

 x2 
3. If x  2 , then the value of log 4   
  2 log 4 4 x 4 is

 4 
(a) 2 (b) –4 (c) –6 (d) none of these

4. If A  log 2 log 2 log 4 256  2 log 2

2, then A is equal to
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 7

5. If x1 , x2 , x3 ,... are positive numbers in G.P., then log x n , log x n 1, log x n  2 are in
(a) A.P. (b) G.P. (c) H.P. (d) none of these

6.    
If log10 2, log10 2 x  1 , log10 2 x  3 are in A.P., then x is equal to

5
(a) (b) log 2 5 (c) log 3 2 (d) log5 3
2

7. If a, b, c are positive numbers  1 in G.P. and x  0 but  1 , then the value of

log b x log x a  log x c  is equal to
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) none of these

1 1 1
8.   is equal to
log xy xyz log yz xyz log zx xyz
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) log x xyz

1 1 1 1
9. If n  1983 ! , then the value of    ...  is equal to
log 2 n log 3 n log 4 n log1983 n
(a) –1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2

log a x
10. is equal to
log ab x
(a) 1 + logab (b) 1 + logba (c) 1  logab (d) 1  logba

1 2
11. If   2, then x is equal to
log x 10 loga 10
a a a2 a2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 100 10 100

log e 
 1
12. The sum of the series 
r 0
3
2r
is equal to

(a) log e 2 (b) log e 4 (c) log 2 e (d) loge 9

CPP: LOGARITHM FACULTY ID: MNJ

The value of x obtained from the equation  4   9  10

log 9 3 log 2 4 log x 83
13. is
(a) 10 (b) 100 (c) 5 (d) 2

14. x log y log z  . y log z log x  . z log x log y  is equal to

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) none of these

15. If a x  b, b y  c, c z  a, then the value of xyz is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) abc

16. The number of solutions of log 4 x  1  log 2 x  3  is

(a) 3 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 0
log x
17. The number of roots of the equation 3 x log5 2 2 5
 64 is
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) 0

 x
18. If  log 2 x   log 2   4  0, then x is equal to
 16 
1
(a) 4 (b) –4 (c) (d) 2
4

19.  
If  log x 2 log x 16 2  log x 64 2, then x is equal to
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) none of these

20. The number of solutions of the equation 2log x a  logax a  3log 2 a  0 is

a x
(a) one (b) two (c) three (d) four

21. The point on the graph y  log 2 log 6 2  2 x 1


 4 whose ordinate is 1, is
(a) (12, 1) (b) (6, 1) (c) (8, 1) (d) (1, 1)

22. If x 2 log10 x  1000 x , then x is equal to

(a) 10, 10 (b) 10 1, 10 10 (c) 10 10 (d) 10

1
If x log3 x log3 x  10  2 , then x is equal to
2 2
23.
x
(a) 3 (b) 9 (c) 27 (d) 81

24.  
If log 3 x 3  x 2  x  1  log3 x  1  log3 x  1  2, then x is equal to
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 10 (d) none of these

1 1
25. If   x , then x can be
log3  log 4 
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 
CPP: LOGARITHM FACULTY ID: MNJ

26. log 20 3 lies in the interval

 1 1  1 1 1 3 3 4
(a)  ,  (b)  ,  (c)  ,  (d)  , 
4 3 3 2 2 4 4 5

27. If x  log 3 5 and y  log16 25 , then

(a) x > y (b) x < y (c) x = y (d) nothing can be said

28. Which is the correct order for a given number  > 1 in increasing order?
(a) log 2 , log 3 , log e , log10  (b) log10 , log 3 , log e , log 2 
(c) log10 , log e , log 2 , log 3  (d) log 3 , log e , log 2 , log10 

29. If the roots of the equation x 2  4 x  log 2 a  0 are real, then

1 1 1 1
(a) a  (b) a  (c) a (d) a 
2 8 16 4

30. The values of x satisfying x log5 x  5 lie in the interval

 1
(a) 0,   (b)  0,   5,   (c) 1,   (d) 1, 2
 5

31. If log 0.09  x  2  log 0.3  x  2  , then x lies in the interval

(a) (3,  ) (b) (2, 3) (c) (–1, 0) (d)  0,3

32. 
The number of values of x satisfying 1  log5 x 2  1  log5 x 2  4 x  1 is   
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) infinitely many

ONE OR MORE THAN ONE CHOICE CORRECT

1.  
If x satisfies log 2 9 x 1  7  2  log 2 3 x 1  1 , then  
(a) x Q (b) x Q and x is negative
(c) x N (d) x  N e (set of even natural numbers) only
log x log y log z
2. If   , then which of the following are true?
bc c a ab
(a) xyz  1 (b) x a y b z c  1
(c) x b  c y c a z a  b  1 (d) xyz  x a y b z c

If x log2 x 
2
 6 log2 x 11
3.  64 , then x is equal to
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 16

4. If

log 2 4 x  x  1 2
  1, then x may belong to the interval

log 2 x  1 2

 2  2 
(a)   ,   (b) 1,   (c)   , 0  (d) none of these
 3   3 
5. If log k x . log 5 k  log x 5, k  1, k  0 , then x is equal to
1
(a) k (b) (c) 5 (d) none of these
5
CPP: LOGARITHM FACULTY ID: MNJ

1
6. If  log 0.1 x  2 , then
2
1  1 1 
(a) the maximum value of x is (b) x  , 
10 100 10 
 1 1  1
(c) x  ,  (d) the minimum value of x is
100 10  100

 x  1 , then
log 3 x 2  2 log x 9 7
7. If x  1
(a) x = 81 (b) x = 2
1
(c) two real solutions are possible (d) x
3
log 0. 25 x 1 26
8. If 51log 4 x  5  , then x is equal to
5
(a) 40 (b) 41 (c) 4 1 (d) 4–2
9. If log10 5  a and log10 3  b , then
ab
(a) log10 8  31  a  (b) log 40 15 
3  2a
1 a
(c) log 243 32  (d) all of these
b
10. If f x   ln x 2 , where x  0 , then f x   1 has
(a) one root (b) two roots
(c) a root between 1 and 2 (d) a root between 3 and 4

11. If a 
log100 10log2 log 4 2log 4 log2 256 2  , then the value of a is
log 4 8  log8 4
1
(a) greater than  (b) 2
2
6 2
(c)  (d)
13 3
12. If x is a positive number different from 1 such that log a x, log b x and logc x are in A.P., then
2log a log c  ac
(a) log b  (b) b 
log a  log c 2
(d) c 2  a.c 
loga b
(c) b  a.c

MATCH THE FOLLOWING

Note: Each statement in column – I has one or more than one match in column - II
1.
Column I Column II
3
log3 x 2 log3 x  5 A. Number of solutions = 2
I. x 4 4  3
II. log 3
sin x  2 
2 cos x  2,  2  x  2 B. Number of solutions = 3
x2
III. log 0.2 1 C. Number of solutions = 1
x
IV. log 2 x  5   6  x D. Infinite number of solutions
CPP: LOGARITHM FACULTY ID: MNJ

2.
Column I Column II
I. f x   log10 x 2
A.
8 
f x   0 for  , 0    ,  
 5 
II. f x   2
log 2
x 1
x 5 B. Domain of f  x  is x  1 or
x  1
III. f x   2  log 2 4  5 x C. f x  > 0  x  4,  
IV. 
f x   log 1 x 2  6 x  12  D. Domain of f x  is R
2

3.
Column I Column II
I.  2

If log 1 x  3  0 , then x can be A. 10
2
II. If log 2 | x |  0 , then x can be 3
B.
2
III. If log 2 x  log x 2  2 , then x can be 3
C. 
2
1  1
IV. If log 1  log 2 x 2   0 , then x can be D.
2
2  2

LINKED COMPREHENSION TYPE

f x  is said to be an increasing function in [a, b] if f x  increases as x increases i.e.

    f    f   , where ,   [a, b] . For a decreasing function in [a, b],    
f    f   , where ,   [a, b] . For the logarithmic function f x   log z x , increasing and
decreasing behaviour depends entirely on the value of z. If 0  z  1, then f x  is decreasing
in its domain of definition, and if z > 1, then f x  is increasing in its domain of definition.

5x  x 2
1. If log 0.5  0 , then x belongs to
4
(a) [–4, 0] (b) [1, 4]
(c) (4, 5) (d) [4, 5)

2. The number of solutions of the equation log a x  log b x for some a  1 and 0  b  1 is
(a) 0 (b) 2
(c) 1 (d) 3

 
3. The set of values of x  0  x   lying in the domain of definition of the function
 2
f x   log 0.9 cos x  sin x  is
    
(a) 0, 4  (b) 4 , 2 
   
  
(c)  ,  (d) none of these
2 
CPP: LOGARITHM FACULTY ID: MNJ

SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS

1. Find x for which the following are defined.

(i) log 1  x  2 (ii) log 3  3  x  (iii) log 4  x  1 x  3
2
2x  3
(iv) log 2  3  x  x  2 (v) log 5
x3
2. Solve for x.
(i) log 2  x  3  5 
(ii) log 2 x 2  1  3  (iii) log 2 x 2
 1  2
(iv) log x  4 x  3  2 (v) log10  log10 x   0 (vi) log x x  1


(vii) log 3 5  4 log 3  x  1  2  (viii)  x  1
log10  x 1
 100  x  1

3. (i) If a, b, c are three consecutive positive integers, show that log 1  ca   2 log b.
(ii) Prove that log 2 7 is an irrational number.
log5 7 log 7 5
(iii) Prove that 5 7  0.
1 1 1
1loga x 1loga y 1loga z
(iv) If y  a and z  a , prove that x  a .

81 25 16
4. Simplify 3log  5log  7 log .
80 24 15
(i) If log10 196  a and log10 56  b, prove that log10  0.175  5a  6b  4.
4
5.
(ii) If log 30 3  a and log 30 5  b, prove that log 30 8  3 1  a  b  .
1
(iii) If log 4 5  a and log 5 6  b, prove that log 3 2  .
2ab  1
6. Find the values of the following.
log 2 5
 1
(i) log 1  81
1/ 4
 log 3 27 (ii) log 1 4   
3 2
 2
(iii) log 5 9  log 9 16  log16 25 (iv) 491 log7 2  5 log5 4
1 3
log 6 3
 2

3
 7
log 5 9
81
(v) log 1
4
729. 3 9 1.27 4 / 3 (vi) 
log 25 7
 125log25 6 
3
409  
log1/ 5 1/ 2 4 1
(vii) 5  log  log 1/ 2
2
7 3 10  2 21
(viii) 7log3 5  3log5 7  5log3 7  7 log5 3 (ix) 4
5log 4 2 3 6  6log  8 3 2 
2 3
(x) 
log4 (2000) log5 (2000)6
6

7. (i) If log 3  2 x  3  1 and log 1  3 y  2  1 , find x  y.

2

(ii) Find the value of log x  x  1 .log x 1  x  2 .log  x  2  x  3 ...log  x 19  x  20  when x = 5.
(iii) If log y x  log x y  2 and 2 x  3 y  10, find the value of x  y.
CPP: LOGARITHM FACULTY ID: MNJ

1 1 1
(iv) If x  log a bc, y  log b ca, z  log c ab, prove that    1.
1 x 1 y 1 z
1
(v) If log100 x  y  and log10 y  log10 x  log100 4, find  x, y  .
2
1 1 1

(vi) If x yz
y zx
z x y
, prove that x y  z . y z  x .z x  y  1.
x  y  z  x y  z  x  y z x  y  z
(vii) If  
, prove that y z z y  z x x z  x y y x .
log x log y log z
x  y  z  x y  z  x  y z  x  y  z  1
Hint: Let    . Then, log x  kx  y  z  x  , and
log x log y log z k
so on.
Now, x log y  y log x  y log z  z log y  z log x  x log z  2kxyz.
Hence, the result.
8. Solve for x.
(i) log 4 (x – 3) + log 2 x4 =1 (ii) log 9  x  1  log 3  x  3

 
2
(iii) 4log10 x 1  6log10 x  2.3log10 x 2
0 (iv) x  log10 1  2 x  x log10 5  log10 6

(v) log 7 log 5  x5 x  0  (vi) log 3 x

x  log 3 x x  0

  x  1
2
log 3 x  2log x 9 7
(vii) x  1 (viii) 3log x 4  2 log 4 x 4  3log16 x 4  0

 
(ix) log a 1  log b 1  log c 1  log d x   0, where a, b, c, d  0,  1 
(x) log 2 4 x 1  4 .log  4 2
x

 1  log 1/
 2 
 1/ 8 
9. Solve for x.
 7
 
(i) 2 log 3 2 x  5  log 3 2  log 3  2 x  
  2
(ii) log 3 x 2  2 log x 9  7

(iii) log 4  2 x  x  1  log  2 x  1  1

2
2 (iv) 3
4 log9  x1
= 22log 2 x + 3

 log 2 x   log 2 x   1
log 3  log 2 x  2
(v) 9

   
1
(vi) log 3 log 8 x 2  7  log 1 log 1 x 2  7  2
4 2 4

(vii) log 2 x  3 (6 x 2  23 x  21)  4  log3 x  7 (4 x 2  12 x  9)

10. Solve for x.

2
 x5 
(i)  log2 x    log 1
4
  20log2 x  148  0
 2 4 
(ii)  log10 100x    log10 10x   log10 x  14
2 2

(iii) log 1 x  log3 x  1 

(iv) log 1 2x 2  5x  1  0 
2 5

(v) logx2  2  x   1  
(vi) log 0.1 x 2  x  2  log 0.1  x  3
2
2x 
(vii) log x  2  2 x  3  log x  2  24  6 x  (viii) log x 5  0
5 (1  x )
CPP: LOGARITHM FACULTY ID: MNJ

2
(ix) log 2 21 x  0
x2
3

x
(x) x 2  7x  10  9 log4    2 x  14x  20  2 x 2  13
8

 log(2 x ) (2  y)  0
11. Solve the system of inequalities:  .
log(4  y ) (2x  2)  0
12. If  x1,y1  and  x 2 , y 2  are the solutions of the system of equations
log225 x  log64 y  4
logx 225  logy 64  1,
then show that the value of log30  x1y1x 2 y 2   12 .

ANSWERS
SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT

1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (a)

6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10. (a)

11. (d) 12. (d) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (b)

16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (b) 20. (b)

21. (a) 22. (b) 23. (b) 24. (c) 25. (a)

26. (b) 27. (a) 28. (b) 29. (c) 30. (b)

31. (a) 32. (d)

ONE OR MORE THAN ONE CHOICE CORRECT

1. (a, c) 2. (a, b, c, d) 3. (a, b, c) 4. (a, b) 5. (b, c)

6. (a, b, d) 7. (a, b, c) 8. (a, d) 9. (a, b, c, d) 10. (b, c)

11. (a, c) 12. (a, d)

MATCH THE FOLLOWING

1. I – (B); II – (A); III – (D); IV – (C) 2. I – (B); II – (C); III – (A); IV – (A), (D)
3. I – (A); II – (A), (B), (C); III – (D); IV – (B), (C)

LINKED COMPREHENSION TYPE

1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a)

SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS
CPP: LOGARITHM FACULTY ID: MNJ

1. (i) x > 2 (ii) x < 3 (iii) x  ,1   3,  

 3
(iv) x   2,3 (v) x   ,    3,  
  2
2. (i) 35 (ii)  3 (iii)  1
(iv) 3 (v) 10 (vi) x > 0, x  1
(vii) 4 (viii) 0.9,99
4. log 2
1 9
6. (i) (ii)  (iii) 2
2 5
25
(iv) (v) 1 (vi) 1
2
(vii) 6 (viii) 0 (ix) 9
1
(x)
6
13  10 20 
7. (i) (ii) 2 (iii) 4 (v)  10, 20 or  , 
3  3 3
7  17
8. (i) (ii) 5 (iii) 10 2 (iv) 1
2
1 1
(v) 4 (vi) 1,36/5 (vii) 2, 81 (viii) ,
8 2
(ix) 1 (x) 0
1
9. (i) 3 (ii) ,81 (iii) 1 (iv) 1
3
1
(v) 2 (vi) 3,3 (vii) 
4
 1 1  1 
10. (i)  ,    8,16  (ii)  ,10 
 16 8   10
9

 1
  
(iii)  0,31log2 3 
 
(iv)  ,     0,  
   2
(v)  2, 1   1,0    0,1   2,   
(vi)  5, 2  1, 5   
 27   23 
(vii)  2, 3   , 4 (viii)  0, 
 8   35 
 1  7
(ix)  1,   1, 2    2,  (x) x  2
 2  2
3
11.  x  2 and 1  y  2
2