LAHORE GRAMMAR SCHOOL

(Landmark Project)
REVISION WORKSHEET
Name : .......................................... Class/Section :

Algebraic Expression and Manipulation

Key Points

Expansion of Algebraic Expressions

 a (b + c) = ab + ac
 (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
 (a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2
 (a + b)(a − b) = a2 − b2

Factorization of Algebraic Expressions

 Taking out a Common factors: To factorise an algebraic expression, always look for a common
factor. If there is a common factor, then take it out and use the difference of two
squares formula

 Making Groups ( factorize four terms):

x² - 2x + 5x - 5 = 2x(x - 1) + 5(x - 1) = (x - 1)(2 x + 5)

This does two things. First, the four terms are swapped around and regrouped if necessary,
then the pairs of terms are factorized in such a way that a common factor results. In this
example, (x-1) is now a common factor, so that if the factorise command is used one more
time the expression will be fully factorised.

 Difference of perfect squares a² - b² = (a + b)(a −b)

 Algebraic Identities

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2 = (a + b)(a+b)

a2 − 2ab + b2 = (a − b)2 =(a − b)(a − b)

 Factorizing Quadratic Expression (Mid-Term Break)

There is no simple method of factorizing a quadratic expression, but with a little practice it
becomes easier. One systematic method, however, is as follows:

A "quadratic" is a polynomial that looks like "ax2+ bx + c", where "a", "b", and "c" are just
numbers. For the easy case of factoring, you will find two numbers that will not only multiply
to equal the constant term "c", but also add up to equal "b", the coefficient on the x-term. For
instance:

Evaluation of Algebraic Expressions

 The process of replacing the variables in an expression with the numerical values and
simplifying it is known as evaluating an algebraic expression.
 Order of operation is used to evaluate an algebraic expression.
 Parenthesis | Exponents | Multiplication | Division | Addition | Subtraction
1. Perform the operations inside a parenthesis first
2. Then exponents
3. Then multiplication and division, from left to right
4. Then addition and subtraction, from left to right

Addition and Subtraction of Algebraic Expressions

"Like terms" are terms that contain the same variables raised to the same power.

 3x2 and 7x2 are like terms.

 – 8x2 and 5y2 are not like terms, because the variable is not the same.
 We can only add or subtract like terms.
 Simplify 13x + 7y − 2x + 6a = 11x + 13y

Algebraic Fractions

 Algebraic fractions have properties which are the same as those for numerical fractions, the
only difference being that the numerator (top) and denominator (bottom) are both algebraic
expressions.
 Sometimes a little more work is necessary before an algebraic fraction can be reduced to a
simpler form.

Addition of Algebraic Fractions

 Addition (and subtraction) of algebraic fractions proceeds in exactly the same manner as for
numerical fractions.
Subject of the Formula

In above formula
 The variable on the left, is known as the subject: What you are trying to find.
 The formula on the right, is the rule, that tells you how to calculate the subject.
 So, if you want to have a formula or rule that lets you calculate d, you need
 to make d, the subject of the formula.
 This is changing the subject of the formula from C to d.

Solution of Equations and Simultaneous Equations

Key Points
Linear Equations in One Unknown

A linear equation in one unknown is an equation in which the unknown appears only to the
first power.
If the unknown is x, then the only operations that involve x are multiplication or division by a
number and addition or subtraction of numbers.
That is, a linear equation in x does not contain x in the denominator of a fraction, it does not
contain a root of x or a power of x other than the first power.
For example,
 2(x – 3) + 5x = 7 – x is a linear equation in x, but
 3x2 + 5 = 2x is not since it has an x2 in it.

 To solve linear equations, you add, subtract, multiply and divide both sides of the equation by
numbers and variables, so that you end up with a single variable on one side and a single
number on the other side.
Fractional Equations with Numerical and Linear algebraic Denominators;

Steps to solving algebraic fractional equations:

 Step 1: Find the least common denominator of the fractions.
 Step 2: Multiply by the least common denominator on both sides of the equation
 Step 3: Reduce the fraction and solve.

Methods to solve simultaneous linear equations in two unknown

There are three methods (in GCE O level Syllabus) to solve simultaneous linear equations.

a) Elimination method b) Substitution method c) Graphical Method

Elimination Method
To solve the simultaneous equations, make the coefficients of one of the variables the same value in
both equations. Then either add the equations or subtract one equation from the other (whichever is
appropriate) to form a new equation that only contains one variable. This is referred to as eliminating
the variable.
Solve the equation thus obtained. Then substitute the value found for the variable in one of the given
equations and solve it for the other variable. Write the solution as an ordered pair.

Substitution Method

To solve the simultaneous equations, find the value of y in terms of x (or vice versa) for one of the two
equations and then substitute this value into the other equation.

Quadratic Equation

 A quadratic equation is an equation where the highest power of x is x2., so it is an equation of

the form ax2 + bx + c = 0. There are various methods of solving quadratic equations, as
shown below.
 Factorization
 Completing the Square Method
 Quadratic Formula
 Completing the Square Method

Completing the Square Method

Some quadratics are fairly simple to solve because they are of the form "something-with-
x squared equals some number", and then you take the square root of both sides. An example
would be:
(x – 4)2 = 5
x – 4 = ± √5 x = ± √5 ± 4 x = ± √5 + 4 or x = ± √5 − 4

Quadratic Formula:

The Quadratic Formula uses the "a", "b", and "c" from "ax2 + bx + c", where "a", "b", and "c" are just
numbers; they are the "numerical coefficients". The Formula is derived from the process of completing
−𝐛 ±√𝐛 𝟐 −𝟒𝐚𝐜
the square, and is formally stated as 𝐱 =
𝟐𝐚
1 (a) Factorise 9a2 - 6a.

Answer ..........................................

(b) Factorise 4 - 25t 2 .

Answer ..........................................

(c) Factorise 6cd - xy + 2cx - 3dy.

Answer ..........................................

© UCLES 2017 4024/12/O/N/17 [Turn over

 3a 2 9a
2 (a) Simplify ' .
10bc 5b 2 c

Answer ..........................................
h-k
(b) Simplify .
5h - 5k

Answer ..........................................

(c) Factorise 9m 2 - 4n 2 .

Answer ..........................................

© UCLES 2016 4024/22/O/N/16

 (d) Factorise q ( p - 2 ) + 3 (2 - p ) .

Answer ..........................................

(e) (i) Find the two solutions of 5x - 1 = ! 9 .

Answer x = ................. or ..................

(ii) The solutions of 5x - 1 = ! 9 are also the solutions of 5x 2 + Bx + C = 0 , where B and C

are integers.

Find B and C.

Answer B = ................. , C = .................

© UCLES 2016 4024/22/O/N/16 [Turn over

3 (a) Solve the equation 2x - 1 x - 2
+ =2.
4 3

Answer x = ....................................

5x – 1 9
(b) Solve the equation = .
9 5x – 1

Answer x = .................... or ....................

© UCLES 2016 4024/12/O/N/16 [Turn over

 7 5
4 (a) (i) Solve the equation ` x + j = ! .
2 2
Give both answers correct to 2 decimal places.

Answer x = ................ or ................

7 5
(ii) The solutions of ` x + j = ! are also the solutions of x 2 + Bx + C = 0 ,
2 2
where B and C are integers.

Find B and C.

Answer B = .............. C = ...............

(b) Solve the inequality 7 – 3x > 13.

Answer x .......................................
(c) Factorise 6x – 3yt + 18y – xt .

Answer ..............................................

(d) Solve these simultaneous equations.

3a + 4b = –13
5a + 6b = –11

Answer a = ...................................

b = ...................................
5 (a) Factorise

(i) 4p2 – 9q2,

Answer .................................................

(ii) 2n2 + 5n – 3.

Answer .................................................
3 2
(b) Express + as a single fraction.
4x 3y

Answer .................................................
 h
6 (a) T = 2π
g
(i) Find T when h = 125 and g = 981.

Answer T = .......................................

(ii) Make h the subject of the formula.

Answer h = .......................................

(b) Solve the equation 45 – ( p + 3) = 2p.

Answer p = .......................................
 2x - 3 5 - x
(c) Solve the equation + = 0.
4 3

Answer x = .......................................

(d) Solve the equation 3y2 + 11y + 4 = 0 .

Give your answers correct to 2 decimal places.

Answer y = ................ or ................

7 (a) Solve
4x = ,
(i) 3
1

Answer x = .....................................

(ii) 4y - 3 (2y + 1) = 5 .

Answer y = ....................................
15w - 30w
2
(b) Simplify .
5w 2 - 20

Answer ..........................................
 a + a2 + b2
8 (a) Find the value of when a = - 4 and b = - 3.
a 2 - 2ab
Give your answer as a fraction.

Answer ................................................

(b) Expand the brackets and simplify ^3x 2 - 1h^2x + 3h - x ^9x - 2h.

Answer ................................................

(c) (i) Factorise 9x 2 + 5x - 4 .

Answer ................................................
 (ii) Use your answer to part (c)(i) to solve the equation 9x 2 + 5x - 4 = 0 .

Answer x = .................. or .................

(d) The sum of three consecutive integers is 84.

Find these three integers.

Answer ............. , ............. , .............

 2
9 (a) Solve = 1.
3- x

Answer  ...............................................

(b) Factorise

(i) 5x + 5y ,

Answer  ...............................................

(ii) 9x 2 - 16 .

Answer  ...............................................

(c) (i) Factorise 2x 2 + 5x - 12 .

Answer  ...............................................

(ii) Useyouranswertopart (c)(i)tosolvetheequation 2x 2 + 5x - 12 = 0 .

Answer x=.................or.................

 
10 (a) Factorise 25t 2 – 4.

Answer ...............................................

(b) Factorise completely 6r 2H − 2r 2h .

Answer ...............................................

(c) Factorise completely 8xy + 4x – 6y – 3.

Answer ...............................................
11 (a) (i) Simplify 5p – (1 – 5p) + 2.

Answer .....................................

(ii) Solve the equation 3 – 2x = 5.

Answer .....................................
A + 2x
(b) y = x .
(i) Find y when x = A.

Answer y = ...............................

(ii) Rearrange the formula to make x the subject.

Answer x = ...............................
12 Factorise completely

(a) 20p + 25p2,

Answer .....................................

(b) 9 – 4t2,

Answer .....................................

(c) 9 + 35x – 4x2.

Answer .....................................
13 (a) A = h(4m + h)

Express m in terms of A and h.

Answer .......................................

(b) Factorise completely 3ax + 5bx – 6ay –10by .

Answer .......................................
14 (a) Solve 5t(3t + 7) = 0 .

Answer t = .................... or ....................

(b) Solve the simultaneous equations.

3x + 4y = 1
5x – 8y = 9

Answer x = ..................................

y = ..................................

(c) Express as a single fraction 5 – 4 .

p–2 2p + 3

Answer ........................................
q2 – 1
(d) Simplify .
2q2 – 3q + 1

Answer ........................................