Electrical Engineering Lab (N-ESC101P)

S. B. JAIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH, NAGPUR.

Practical No. 04
Aim: Analysis of frequency response and verification of resonant
frequency of series R-L-C circuit.

Name of Student: Sahil S. Chaple

Roll No.: CS23010

Semester/Year: 2nd / 1st

Academic Session: 2023 – 2024

Date of Performance: 02/04/2024

Date of Submission: __________

Department of Electrical Engineering, S.B.J.I.T.M.R, Nagpur 1

 Electrical Engineering Lab (N-ESC101P)

AIM: Analysis of frequency response and verification of resonant frequency of series R-L-C
circuit.

OBJECTIVE/EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOME:

The objectives and expected learning outcome of this practical are:

● To analyze the frequency response of resonant frequency for a series R-L-C circuit.

● To verify the resonant frequency for a series R-L-C circuit.

APPARATUS:
Sr. No Name of Apparatus Rating/Type Quantity

1 Resistor 1 kΩ 01

2 Inductor 0.3 mH 01

3 Capacitor 0.32 µF 01

4 Ammeter (0-1000) mA 01

5 Function Generator 3MHz 01

6 Connecting wires Standard As per requirement

THEORY:
In series RLC circuit, impedance Z= sqrt{R 2 + (XL - XC) 2} , current and phase angle are given
by: I = V/Z and Ф = tan-1[ (XL – X c) / R ]

If the frequency of the signal fed to such a series circuit is increased from minimum, the inductive
reactance (XL = 2𝛑 f L) increases linearly and the capacitive reactance decreases exponentially.
At resonant frequency i.e. fr:

1) Net reactance, X = 0 (i.e.)

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 Electrical Engineering Lab (N-ESC101P)

2) Impedance of the circuit is minimal and it is purely resistive (R) in nature.

3) Current I through the circuit is maximum, and it is equal to V/R.

4) Circuit current I is in phase with applied voltage V (i.e. phase angle Ф =0)
At this particular resonant frequency, a circuit is said to be in series resonance condition.

Resonance occur at that frequency when the inductive reactance (XL) is equal to the capacitive
reactance (XC) or 2𝛑f L = 1 / 2𝛑fc

Therefore the resonance frequency in a series RLC circuit is given by the formula : fr

= 1 / 2𝛑 sqrt{ LC }

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: (Draw Circuit Diagram using Microsoft Visio & paste here)

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 Electrical Engineering Lab (N-ESC101P)

OBSERVATION TABLE:

Sr. Frequency Current Sr. No Frequency Current

No (kHz) (mA) (kHz) (mA)

1 1.307 10.4 11 18.06 37.6

2 3.000 20.3 12 20.05 37.4

3 5.106 29.0 13 22.07 36.3

4 7.024 33.9 14 24.03 35.6

5 9.123 36.8 15 26.04 34.7

6 11.23 38.0 16 28.10 34.0

7 13.02 38.4 17 30.02 32.7

8 15.12 38.6 18 32.00 31.4

9 15.66 38.2 19 34.12 30.2

10 16.24 38.1 20 36.17 29.3

PROCEDURE:

1) Make the connection as per the given circuit diagram.

2) Set the output of function generator as Vs = 20 Vp-p (peak to peak voltage)

3) Now increase the function generator output signal frequency from minimum say 10Hz to
a maximum signal frequency of 30 kHz such as (10, 20, 30……)

4) For applied signal frequency measure current with the help of milliammeter.

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 Electrical Engineering Lab (N-ESC101P)

5) Calculate theoretical value of resonant frequency for given series RLC circuit.

6) Plot the graph of frequency v/s current and find the frequency on the graph at which current
value is maximum. Now compare this value of frequency with the theoretical value of
resonant frequency.

GRAPH: (Plot the graph using Microsoft Excel & paste here)

RESULT:

The resonance phenomenon in series RLC circuit has been studied. The theoretical and practical
values of resonant frequency is found to be –

= 16.24 kHz (Theoretical)

= 16.24 kHz (Practical)

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 Electrical Engineering Lab (N-ESC101P)

CONCLUSION:

Hence we have successfully Analyse the frequency response and verification of resonant frequency
of series R-L-C circuit.

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:

1) Describe the phenomenon of resonance circuit?

Ans : Resonance in an electrical circuit occurs when the circuit's reactances and its impedance
balance out in such a way that the current flowing through the circuit reaches its maximum value
while the impedance reaches its minimum value. This phenomenon is particularly notable in
circuits containing inductors (L) and capacitors (C) arranged in series or parallel configurations,
known as series resonance and parallel resonance, respectively.
1. Series Resonance:
In a series RLC circuit, resonance occurs when the inductive reactance (XL) and capacitive
reactance (XC) are equal in magnitude but opposite in phase, cancelling each other out. At
resonance, the impedance of the circuit (Z) reaches its minimum value, determined solely by the
resistance (R) of the circuit. This results in a maximum flow of current through the circuit. Series
resonance is commonly used in applications such as tuning circuits in radios and filters.
2. Parallel Resonance:
In a parallel RLC circuit, resonance occurs when the impedance (Z) of the circuit reaches its
maximum value, which is determined solely by the resistance (R) of the circuit. At resonance, the
total reactance of the circuit (XL - XC) becomes zero, resulting in a minimum impedance and
maximum current flow through the circuit. Parallel resonance is often utilized in applications such
as power factor correction and band-pass filters.

2) Derive an expression of resonant frequency for series and parallel circuit.

Ans : Sure, let's derive the expressions for resonant frequency in both series and parallel RLC
circuits.
1. Series Resonance:
In a series RLC circuit, resonance occurs when the inductive reactance (XL) equals the capacitive
reactance (XC), leading to cancellation of reactances and maximum current flow.
The inductive reactance (XL) is given by:
XL = 2 𝛑 f L

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 Electrical Engineering Lab (N-ESC101P)

The capacitive reactance (XC) is given by:

Xc = 1 / 2𝛑 f c
At resonance, (XL = XC), so:
2. 𝛑 f L = 1 / 2𝛑 f c (2 𝛑 f) 2 LC = 1 f 2 = 1 / {4 𝛑 2 LC} fr = 1 / {2 𝛑 sqrt{LC}
This is the resonant frequency (fr) for a series RLC circuit.

2. Parallel Resonance:
In a parallel RLC circuit, resonance occurs when the impedance (Z) is minimized, which happens
when the total reactance (XL - XC) is zero.
The total reactance (XL - XC) is given by:
XL - XC = 0
2 𝛑 f L - 1 / 2𝛑 f c = 0
2 𝛑 f L = 1 / 2𝛑 f c
(2 𝛑 f) 2 LC = 1 f
2
= 1 / {4 𝛑 2 LC}
fr = 1 / {2 𝛑 sqrt{LC}
This is the resonant frequency (fr) for a parallel RLC circuit.
So, in both series and parallel RLC circuits, the resonant frequency is given by fr = 1 / {2 𝛑
sqrt{LC}

REFERENCE:

Robert L. Boylestad, “Introductory Circuit Analysis”, Pearson (2011).

William H. Hayt, Jack E. Kemmerly, “Problems and Solutions in Engineering Circuit Analysis 1st
Edition”,Tata Mc-graw Hill Publishing (2012).

D. Roy Choudhury, “Networks and Systems 2 Edition”,New Age International (2010).

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRhShv4rEiQ&list=PL1B56CB47C2FBFB66&inde x=8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRhShv4rEiQ&list=PL1B56CB47C2FBFB66&inde x=9

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