GUJARAT TECHNOLOGIAL UNIVERSITY

(GTU)
AHEMADABAD- 382424

Vishwakarma Government Engineering College, Chandkheda-382424

(Affiliated with Gujarat Technological University, Ahemadabad)
A
Report subject Project- I (2170001) / Project- II (2182406)
On
SMART SOLAR STREET LIGHT

Prepared as a part of the requirement for the subject of

B.E- Semester- VII / VIII
(Power Electronics Branch)

Submitted by:

Sr. No. Name Enrollment No.

1 PATEL KAMIYABHUSAIN 140170124021
2 MODH JAYAGN 140170124017
3 MASI FAIZMAHAMMAD 140170124026
4 PANDYA MEET 140170124027
5 BHAGCHANDANI MOHIT 140170124032

Guided by:
Prof. N. D. Mehta
Assistant Professor, Power Electronics Engineering, VGEC, Chandkheda
Head of department:
Dr. I. N. Trivedi
Professor & Head, Power Electronics Engineering, VGEC, Chandkheda
Academic Year
2019-20
 Department of Power electronics
Vishwakarma Government Engineering College, Chandkheda
Opp. Sangath Mall, Visat-Koba Road, Chandkheda, Ahmedabad
Email: [email protected] Web site:http://pwe.vgecg.ac.in

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project I (2170001) / Project II (2182406) Report entitled

“SMART SOLAR STREET LIGHT”

Submitted by
Sr. No. Name Enrollment No.
1 MASI FAIZMAHAMMAD 140170124026

2 MODH JAYAGN 140170124017

3 PATEL KAMIYABHUSAIN 140170124021

4 PANDYA MEET 140170124027

5 BHAGCHANDANI MOHIT 140170124032

towards the partial fulfillment in Project I (2170001) / Project II (2182406) (Power Electronics
Engineering) of Gujarat Technological University is the record of work carried out by him under our
supervision and guidance in the Academic Year 2019-20.

The work submitted has in our opinion reached a level required for being accepted for examination.
The results embodied in this Project Work to the best of our knowledge have not been submitted to
any other University or diploma.

Guided by:

Prof. N. D. Mehta Dr. I. N. Trivedi

Assistant Professor, Professor & Head,
Department of Power Electronics Engineering, Department of Power Electronics Engineering,
Vishwakarma Government Engineering College, Vishwakarma Government Engineering College,
Chandkheda – 382424 Chandkheda – 382424

Date:

Place : Vishwakarma Government Engineering College, Chandkheda- 382424

Ahemadabad ( India )
 VGEC INNOVATION CLUB
Vishwakarma Government Engineering College, Chandkheda
Opp. Sangath Mall, Visat-Koba Road, Chandkheda, Ahmedabad
Email: [email protected] Web site: http://www.vgecg.ac.in
[email protected] Ph. No: (079) 23293866, 9824523813

SELF-DECLARATION FORM OF IDP/UDP

(This has to be attached along with IDP/UDP report while submitting to the departments in hard copy)

SELF-DECLARATION (by a student/ team of students)

I/we
Sr. Enrolment No. Name of Student Branch
No.
1. Power Electronics (024)
2. Power Electronics (024)
3. Power Electronics (024)
4. Power Electronics (024)
5. Power Electronics (024)

I/we have defined my/our project based on inputs at VISHWAKARMA GOVERNMENT

ENGINEERING COLLEGE, CHANDKHEDA and each of us will make significant efforts to make
attempt to solve the challenges. I /we will attempt the project work at my college or at any location under the
direct and consistent monitoring of Dr. I.N. Trivedi, Prof. V. G. Patel, Prof. N. D. Mehta / Prof. Ashish P.
Patel / Prof. H. S. Wani/ Prof. D. V. Garasiya / Prof. A. M. Haque. We shall adopt all ethical practices to
share credit amongst all the contributors based on their contributions during the project work. (We will work
on the project work under the direct and consistent monitoring of Industry mentors and Faculty Guides)
I /we have not purchased the solutions developed by any 3 rd party directly and the efforts are made by me/us
under the guidance of guides.
The project work is not copied from any previously done projects directly. (The same problem can be
attempted done in new ways.)
The project work submitted by me/us is prepared by me/us and I/we fully understand the contents. We will
make best efforts to solve the problems given by the user/ industry. If the project is in relay model (kho-kho)
we will share credits with the initial contributors.

_____________________________________________________to the best of my knowledge is a genuine

industry, engaged in the professional service/social organizations/we understand and accept that the above
declaration if found to be untrue, it can result in punishment /cancellation of project definition to me/we
including failure in the subject of project work.

Sr. Enrolment No. Name Contact Number Signature

No.
1
2
3
4
5

Date:
Place: VISHWAKARMA GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, CHANDKHEDA- 382424
 VGEC INNOVATION CLUB
Vishwakarma Government Engineering College, Chandkheda
Opp. Sangath Mall, Visat-Koba Road, Chandkheda, Ahmedabad
Email: [email protected] Web site: http://www.vgecg.ac.in
[email protected] Ph. No: (079) 23293866, 9824523813

IDP/ UDP Project Statement Form

(This is a sample format and departments can modify it if they need as per required scenario and sector)
TITLE OF PROBLEM/PROJECT
SINGLE PHASE CASCADED MULTILEVEL INVERTER FOR DOMESTIC
APPLICATION USING SOLAR PANEL
DICIPLINARY
DICIPLINARY | INTER-DICIPLINARY
DISCIPLINE/S POWER ELECTRONICS

STUDENT PARTICULARS
Sr. No. NAME MOBILE NO EMAIL ID
1. KARTIK TIWARI +917405313923 [email protected]
2. TAUFIQ SHAIKH +919712824430 [email protected]
3. MOHAMMED AATIF PATHAN +917383906028 [email protected]
4. NIKUNJ DESAI +918000051384 [email protected]
COLLEGE NAME VISHWAKARMA GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLAGE, CHANDKHEDA.
COLLEGE CODE 017
BRANCH POWER ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SEMESTER 7 YEAR 2019-20
TEAM CODE ( to be
given by
the institute )
SIGNATURE OF
STUDENTS 1 2 3 4 5
(TEAM MEMBERS)
INDUSTRY PARTICULARS/ USER’S DETAIL
INDUSTRIAL DETAILS
NAME
ADDERESS

CONTACT NO. MOBILE LANDLINE WHATSAPP

NAME OF INDUSTRIAL
ESTATE

COMPANY LOGO
(optional)
INDUSTRY GUIDE
NAME
MOBILE NO:
EMAIL ID:
 ABSTRACT
Smart Solar Street Light System is simple yet powerful concept. LED Street lights run on solar
panels which are non-polluting source of electricity and require much less maintenance as
compared to the conventional street lights and also eliminating the external wiring, minimizing
the risk of accidents. Hence, eliminates electricity bills, reduces the CO 2 emission by 85% by
replacing sodium vapor lamp with LED and hence it becomes eco-friendly. The proposed system
is assisted with battery storage back up sufficient to operate the light for 10-12 hours. The
proposed system is also provided with Automatic turn ON and turns OFF using sensors. This
system includes a Constant Current Charge Controller circuit for overcharge and deep discharge
prevention cut-off with LED indicators, thereby increasing the life of the battery and overall
efficiency of the system. The predominant feature of this system is its Fault Detection Circuit in
addition with Arduino Uno and GSM. The fault detection circuit works on EX-OR logic between
the two photodiodes used as mentioned earlier. The Arduino board will detect any fault in the
system and will send signal to GSM module which in turn will send a message to the pre-
registered mobile number. This contemplated process will play a vital role to change the present
scenario of complaining about the street light when not working properly.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With great pleasure, I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude
and indebtedness to my renowned and esteemed guide Prof. N. D. Mehta Assistant
Professor, Department of Power Electronics Engineering, Vishwakarma Government Engineering
College, Chandkheda for his consummate knowledge, due criticism, invaluable guidance and
encouragement which has enabled us to give present shape to this work.

I am heavily indebted to Dr. I. Trivedi, Professor & Head, Department of Power

Electronics Engineering, Vishwakarma Government Engineering College, Chandkheda, for his
everlasting willingness to extend his profound knowledge and experience in the preparation of
this report. Any attempt to define this indebtedness would be incomplete. I am immensely
thankful to Dr. R. K. Gajjar, Principal, Vishwakarma Government Engineering College,
Chandkheda, for her valuable support and inspiration.

I am immensely thankful to Prof. V. G. Patel, Associate Professor, Power Electronics al

Engineering Department, VGEC Chandkheda – Ahemadabad for his everlasting willingness to
extend his support and help in the completion of this work.

I am immensely thankful to Dr A. M. Haque and other faculty member of the department

for his everlasting willingness to extend his support and help in the completion of this work.

Finally, I would like to thank our friends and family for their support and patience
throughout the year, especially to our parents who without their encouragement and financial
support, this would not have been possible.

Sr. Name Contact Signature

No. Number
1
2
3
4
5

iii | P a g e
 Team name: “IB-β”
E-mail – [email protected]

Sr. Name of Enrollment Email-id Mobile No. Passport

No. Student No. Photograph
1 Jayagn Modh 140170124017 Modhjayagn13@gmail. 9033472465
com

2 Kamiyab 140170124021 [email protected] 9974543267

Hussain Patel

3 Faizmahammad 140170124026 Faizmahammad.masi@ 8460103697

Masi gmail.com

4 Meet Pandya 140170124027 [email protected] 7600483134

om

5 Mohit 140170124032 Mbhagchandani7@gma 8732933655

Bhagchandani il.com

 Guides and Mentors: -

1. Prof. N. D. Mehta, Assistant Professor, Power Electronics Engineering, VGEC

Chandkheda- 382424

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 CONTENTS

1. CANVASES...................................................................................................1
1.1 AEIOU SUMMARY...................................................................................1
1.2 MIND MAPPING.......................................................................................2
1.3 EMPATHY CANVAS................................................................................2
1.4 IDEATION CANVAS.................................................................................4
1.5 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS:.................................................5
2. PRIOR ART SEARCH..................................................................................7
2.1 SUMMARY PAPERS AND ITS CONCLUSION.....................................7
3. PRE-DESIGN.................................................................................................9
3.1 LEARNING NEED MATRIX....................................................................9
3.2 CONCLUSION FROM REVERSE ENGINEERING...............................9
4. INTRODUCTION TO CONCEPT/IDEA......................................................9
4.1 LITERATURE SURVEY.........................................................................10
4.1.1 ENVIORNMENTAL POINT OF VIEW:...........................................10
4.1.2 ECONOMICAL POINT OF VIEW:...................................................10
4.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM.................................................................................11
5. SOLAR STREET LIGHT............................................................................12
5.1 SOLAR CHARGE CONTROLLER.........................................................12
5.2 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF FAULT DETECTION:..............................13
6. WORKING MODEL...................................................................................15
7. FEEDBACK ANALYSIS:...........................................................................17
8. ENGINEERING ECONOMICS OF DESIGN.............................................20
8.1. YOUR COSTS......................................................................................20
8.2. YOUR PROFIT...................................................................................20
8.3. MARKET DEMAND..........................................................................20
8.4. INDUSTRY STANDARDS................................................................20
8.5. SKILL LEVEL.....................................................................................21
8.6. EXPERIENCE.....................................................................................21
8.7 YOUR BUSINESS STRATEGY..........................................................21
8.8. YOUR SERVICE.................................................................................21
8.9. WHO IS YOUR CLIENT...................................................................21
9. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE.....................................................22

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10. REFERENCES..........................................................................................22
10.1 URL REFERENCES:..............................................................................22
10.2 APPENDIX– 1........................................................................................23
10.3 APPENDIX – 2.......................................................................................24
10.4 APPENDIX – 3 : PATENT SEARCH & ANALYSIS REPORT...........25

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 TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1: AEIOU SUMMARY CANVAS......................................................................................1

Figure 2: MIND MAPPING CANVAS..........................................................................................2
Figure 3: EMPATHY CANVAS.....................................................................................................3
Figure 4: IDEATION CANVAS.....................................................................................................4
Figure 5: PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS.......................................................................6
Figure 6: LEARNING NEEDS MATRIX......................................................................................9
Figure 7: COMARISON OF DIFFERENT LIGHTS...................................................................11
Figure 8: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SMART STREET LIGHT....................................................12
Figure 9: SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF CHARGE CONTROLLER.........................................14
Figure 10: CHARGE CONTROLLER.........................................................................................14
Figure 11: SCHEMATIC OF FAULT DETECTION CIRCUIT..................................................14
Figure 12: FAULT DETECTION CIRCUIT................................................................................15
Figure 13: WORKING MODEL...................................................................................................15
Figure 14: GROUP PHOTO.........................................................................................................16
Figure 15: EXTERNAL GUIDE...................................................................................................16
Figure 16: FEEDBACK ANALYSIS...........................................................................................17
Figure 17: Gandhinagar samachar Dated 03082017.....................................................................18
Figure 18: Gujarat samachar & sandesh Dated 04082017............................................................18
Figure 19: Navgujarat Samay Dated 04082017............................................................................19
Figure 20: Divya bhaskar Dated 05082017...................................................................................19

vii | P a g e
 1. CANVASES

1.1 AEIOU SUMMARY

1. ACTIVITY:
 This section will include the applications of the product such as: Solar Charging,
Solar Thermal Energy, Photovoltaics, Solar Architecture, Solar Heating, Artificial
Photosynthesis, etc.
2. ENVIRONMENT:
 This will include the effect of the objects placed in its surroundings such as: Vast
Area, Energy Field, Raised Temperature, etc.
3. INTERACTION:
 This will include the Stakeholders such as Industries, Power Plants, Schools,
Colleges, Farms, etc.
4. OBJECTS:
 This section of the canvas includes the equipment used for the production such as
Solar Panels, Batteries, Power Inverters, Charge Controllers, Filters, Storage
Tanks, Sensors, Antireflection Glass.
5. USERS:
 As usual it will include the people who are associated with the product like
Engineers, Students, Farmers, Domestic Users, and Public Sectors.

FIGURE 1: AEIOU SUMMARY CANVAS

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1.2 MIND MAPPING

FIGURE 2: MIND MAPPING CANVAS

1.3 EMPATHY CANVAS

This is the first step of the project or a problem. In this canvas, we will find out what is user? Who
is a User? What is Stakeholder? Who are they? And what are the broad stories of their activities?
1. User:
 In this stage, we find various users who are directly or indirectly related to our
product
 For Example: Engineers, Students, Professionals, Common People, etc.
2. Stakeholders:
 Stakeholders are people or an organization with an interest.
 In this stage, we find those users which are directly or indirectly related to the
users.
 For Example: Industries, Power Plants, Colleges, Residences, etc.
3. Activities:
 Activities are directly or indirectly related to the stakeholders.
 For Example: Solar Heating, Solar Charging, Solar Architecture, Artificial
Photosynthesis, Photovoltaic, etc.

4. Story Boarding:

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 Happy: Being a Power Electronics Engineering student, I understand the
importance and value of electricity in our life. When I started my college, I
observed that most of the electronic appliances were running on Solar Energy.
 Happy: Once when I went for a visit to Gandhinagar, what I saw was that every
alternate street light was running on solar energy. So, I was impressed that much
amount of electricity was being saved.
 Sad: The city of Chennai has 214008 street lights of which 84664 use 70W. 49420
use 40W and 42250 uses 250W sodium vapor lamps which come at a cost of Rs.2
cores per month. Which is a lot of money to spend
 Sad: The conventional street lights are sometimes seen on during day time due to
which units of energy are wasted. Thereby increasing the cost of electricity.

FIGURE 3: EMPATHY CANVAS

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1.4 IDEATION CANVAS
This canvas consists of the ideology behind the user, so in this canvas some brief ideas are
expressed. People section consists of persons related to user technically and similar persons may
relate to user. Then we divided activities in social & technical and try to find out the importance
of each activity and situations & location regarding are find out related to each.
PEOPLE:
 Engineers
 Students
 Farmers
 Domestic Users
ACTIVITIES:
 Solar Heating
 Photovoltaic
 Artificial Photosynthesis
 Solar Architecture
 Charging
 Agricultural

FIGURE 4: IDEATION CANVAS

LOCATION:
 Industries
 Power Plants
 Colleges
 Public Sector
 Residential Areas
 Farms
From different activity & situation the “key problem” can be defined which is the most
important problem than other problems vivid situations & location from key problem must

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 be very important, critical problem from user point of view. Here in this case the problems
we faced are as given below:
PROBLEMS FACED:
 Lack of Area
 Cost of installation is high
 Size of the product
 Efficiency of the product
 Compatibility durability

1.5 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS:

Here “people” again is introduced to have particular users related to the same “key problem”.
Features must be very vivid; many features consist to from one function but by adding many
features & function our product, which can be our solution for “Higher Efficiency” and
“Economical”, “Fully Automatic” change in “Solar LED Street Light”. This must be the way
to go because we are path typing the product so wide various varieties of technology must be used
from props technologies and section of before & present & canvas by using customer revalidation
& customer feedback. We come across idea of taking between paths Solar LED Street Light-High
Efficiency, Fully Automatic, Long Lasting because no one wants to complain about the light
again and again and also the light will get turn on and off automatically which is our prime
concern. May be feedback from rural area can be better intrusion & solution may have different
variation. At the last canvas focuses on the revalidation & customer feedback this cycle must be
maximized so that the product must be perfectly related to user. A business development from
product becomes successful to society.
PURPOSE:
 The most important and the most needed purpose of such products using Solar Energy is
TO SAVE ELECTRICITY. Secondly the other important things that have to be noted
down are Higher Efficiency and Durability. The product definitely needs to have larger
efficiency and durability for greater comfort and longer life of the product.
PEOPLE:
 The most basic users of such kind of products are Engineers. As they use such type of
technology and develop more from it as it is a Renewable Source of Energy and is Eco-
friendly. Next comes a Student as he/she will use to study and practice so that they can
improve the future of Solar Energy based Applications. After that there are various users
such Farmers and Common People that use this technology for a better life and for better
environment.
PRODUCT FEATURES:
 Solar energy the most abundantly available source of all. The most important feature of this
form of energy that it an Ever-Lasting Source and hence Renewable.
 Secondly it is Environment Friendly as it does no harm to the nature.
 It can be easily harnessed using appropriate equipment’s and devices and make it good for
use.

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  Lastly another important feature of such kind of products is that they don’t require
maintenance. Hence it becomes very easy for common people to use them in their day to
day life.
PRODUCT FUNCTIONS:
 The three most important and basic functions of these products are:
1. Electricity Generation
2. Solar Charging
3. Street Lighting
4. Fault detection
CUSTOMER REVALIDATION:
 Here comes the very important part of developing any product, Customer Revalidation. As
to decide that the product is successful or not Customer Satisfaction is must.
 Now image below shows the customer reviews and ratings on various aspects of the
product.
REJECT, REDESIGN, AND RETAIN:
1. Reject – Inconvenience faced to Complain
2. Redesign – Fully Automatic

3. Retain–LED
FIGURE 5: PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS

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 2. PRIOR ART SEARCH
2.1 SUMMARY PAPERS AND ITS CONCLUSION
PAPER-1
International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology (IARJSET)
National Conference on Renewable Energy and Environment (NCREE-2015) IMS Engineering
College, Ghaziabad ANSHUL TIWARI, CHETAN VARSHNEY, ANKIT SHUKLA Students, IMS
Engineering College, Ghaziabad [http://www.iarjset.com/upload/2015/si/ncree-15/IARJSET%2030%20P137.pdf ]
This paper primarily talks about the battery of the street light; the theft of batteries has recently
become common; hence the writers are focusing on using grid with the solar street light. The
power during the daytime can be stored through grids and that power can be supplied back to the
street light during the night time.
PAPER-2
International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 2, Issue 5, M ay-2013
P.P. DESAI, V.H. ATODARIA, A.P. PARMAR, PROF. P. PANCHAL [http://www.ijoart.org/docs/SOLAR-LED-
STREET-LIGHT-USING-MOTION-SENSOR-AND-SINGLE-AXIS-CONTROL.pdf]

This paper summarizes the use of PIR sensor for MPPT i.e. solar charge controller where we can
get maximum output with the tracking of the sun and accordingly the solar panel can be adjusted.

PAPER-3
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY
Design and Construction of Solar Power-Based Lighting System Oke A. O.*1, Adigun A. A.2,
Fenwa O. D.3 *1,2,3Department of Computer Science and Engineering, LadokeAkintola
University of Technology P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria [http://www.ijesrt.com/issues%20pdf%20file/Archives%202013/
September-2013/13.pdf]

Hereby replacing the fluorescent lamps by LED lamps reduces the electricity cost of the street
light and also increase the life of the street light. Additionally, this paper includes the efficient
solar charge controller which increases the life of battery.
PAPER-4
JOURNAL OF INFORMATION, KNOWLEDGE AND RESEARCH IN ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING ISSN: 0975 – 6736| NOV 14 TO OCT 15 | VOLUME – 03, ISSUE CONTROL
OF SOLAR LED STREET LIGHTING SYSTEM BASED ON CLIMATIC CONDITIONS AND
OBJECT MOVEMENTS; PRIYANKA S, DR.K. BASKARAN
This paper elaborates work on charge controller based on microcontroller and also with automatic
on-off of street light which uses the LDR and IR sensor along with LEDs light which reduces the
95% of total power consumption.
PAPER-5
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING,
VOL. 6, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2015Installation of Solar Power System used for Street Lights and
Schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PakistanIftikharJaved Khan1, Yawar Hayat Khan1, Salman
Rashid1, Javed Ali Khan2 and MianIzazurRehman.
Thus, by installing Solar Power System for Street Lights and schools removes all the major
problemsof electricity, accident, robberies and safety at night, removal educational illiteracy and
improve human life style. They also presented the complete analysis of their project regarding

7|Page
initial cost, including LED lights, street light poles, batteries, inverter, its installation and
transportation cost.
PAPER-6
This paper was supported by the Operational Programme of Research and Development for
project: "Hybrid power source for technical and consulting laboratory of utilization and
promotion of renewable energy sources" (ITMS 26220220056) co-financed by the European
Regional Development Fund.
This paper is totally concerned about the industrial manufacturing of photovoltaic panels for a
better efficiency of a solar street lights.
PAPER-7
Development of LED Street Lighting Controller for Wind-Solar Hybrid Power System Yong-
Sik Lee and Jae-Hyeon Gim
The proposed Wind-Solar Hybrid Power Systembased LED street lighting system integrates new
technologies and offers ease of maintenance and energy savings. In order to improve the
performance and reduce cost of the system, the control strategy for charging and discharging,
saving energy, and maintenance of the Wind-Solar Hybrid Power Systembased LED street
lighting system have been given in this paper. Complete analysis of performance characteristics
of the proposed model is also given.
PAPER-8
Autom1atic Street Light Control System Using Microcontroller MUSTAFA SAAD,
ABDALHALIM FARIJ, AHAMED SALAH and ABDALROOF ABDALJALIL Department of
Control Engineering College of Electronic Technology/ BaniwalidBaniwalid- Libya LIBYA

The use of microcontroller in Solar Street Lights assists us for the automatic turn on and turn
off for the street light which will thereby increase the efficiency of the system.
PAPER-9
B. K. Subramanyam, K. Bhaskar Reddy, P. Ajay Kumar Reddy / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 [www.ijera.com] Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-
Aug 2013 Design and Development of Intelligent Wireless Street Light Control and Monitoring
System Along with GUI

This paper describes the solar street light with automatic turn on at night and turn off during the
day time. It also tells that they proposed the GUI system which can continuously give the
information about the street light which is very useful in rural and urban areas.
PAPER-10
Design of a Solar Powered LED Street Light: Effect of Panel’s Mounting Angle and Traffic
Sensing Sanjana Ahmed, Ahmed HosneZenan, NisatTasneem, Mosaddequr Rahman#4
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, BRAC University 66 Mohakhali C/A,
Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh

Design of solar powered street light system is complicated by the fact that during summer when
we get maximum sunlight, minimum energy is needed to operate the street lights due to shorter
summer nights, whereas, during winter when sunlight is minimum, maximum energy is needed
due to longer winter nights. In this paper, the effect of mounting angle of solar panels and traffic
sensing on the requirement of system size for a solar powered street light system is researched. It
has been found that while a mounting angle of 23˚. In which is well suited to applications like

8|Page
solar home system, absorbs maximum energy collection in summer and minimum energy
collection in winter a counting angle of 46.5˚ absorbs maximum energy collection in winter than
those obtained at other mounting angles.

3. PRE-DESIGN
3.1 LEARNING NEED MATRIX

FIGURE 6: LEARNING NEEDS MATRIX

3.2 CONCLUSION FROM REVERSE ENGINEERING

By doing reverse engineering we are able to understand the different components and their
function. By doing reverse engineering we get the knowledge of different things that can benefit
us in our project. We are reusing these batteries by recharging them using solar energy. By doing
so firstly we are saving the non-renewable energy source and are avoiding electrical waste. Also
without harming the environment we are using the natural energy sources for our energy needs.
If every one of us uses such more and more solar powered devices, the energy crisis can be
minimized at a very great level. By using more solar devices we are directly reducing the rate of
consumption of non-renewable sources and are making these sources available to the upcoming
generations.

4. INTRODUCTION TO CONCEPT/IDEA

Solar electricity generation is one of very few low-carbon energy technologies with the potential
to grow to very large scale. Hence massive expansion in industries using solar technologies has

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been seen in recent times. The major advantages of
consuming solar energy are less global warming, no
electricity bills, cost competitive and so on.

By comparison, solar energy is currently much

less important. It accounts for only around 1% of global
electricity generation and a smaller fraction in India but
a very needy source of power now and in the future. This made us think that why don't we use
such a great resource and produce power from it which is not at all harming the environment or if
it may, that to a very little extent! But the dilemma we faced was what use could make our lives
even easier than ever before! So, at first, we decided to go with a portable Solar Charger which
could make our lives easier and comfortable. But it was too commonplace and was also available
in the market that too very cheap. Also, we all wanted to do something which was new and
exciting and after the valuable suggestion of our Prof. N.D. Mehta we went for Solar Street Light.
He inspired us for this by asking to make all the lights of our college campus run on Solar Energy.
4.1 LITERATURE SURVEY

4.1.1 ENVIORNMENTAL POINT OF VIEW:

To calculate the CO2 emission obtained by using Solar Street light in place of conventional
Sodium Lamps, let us first calculate emission for Sodium vapour Lamp:
Let a 40W bulb be kept on for 10Hr a day
Therefore, Power consumption (per year) =40×10×365
=146000W
Now, for 1kWh of electricity, 619g of CO2 gas is emitted.

Therefore, CO2 emission for sodium vapour lamp (per year) = = 90.4kg

For an LED streetlight, a 6W LED lamp is equivalent to 40W sodium vapour lamp in terms of
lumens.
Power consumption (per year) =6×10×365
=21900W

CO2 emission for Solar street light (per year) = = 13.55kg.

Hence by the above calculation we can conclude that replacing sodium vapour lamp by LED
lamps we can reduce the CO2 emissions by 85%.
4.1.2 ECONOMICAL POINT OF VIEW:
To know the difference between the power consumption and cost effectiveness let us calculate
individual cost of electricity utilized by sodium vapour lamp and led street light.
For a 40W bulb kept on for 10Hr for a day,

Power consumption (units) = = 0.4kWh

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For a 6W LED light,

Power consumption (units) = = 0.06kWh

The cost per unit for street light as per AMC is ₹4.2.
Hence cost for the sodium vapour lamp=0.4×4.2 = ₹1.68.
Cost for the LED light = 0.06×4.2 = ₹0.252.
Hence, the increment in the savings is FIGURE 7: COMARISON OF
DIFFERENT LIGHTS
(1- )×100 = 85%

From the above calculation, we can calculate that by using LED Street light we can save up
to 85%.
These were the two advantages of using LED Street light.
Since our project is operating the street light on solar energy. Hence, the cost is much less than
the simple conventional LED Street light. Also, wiring and electricity cost are eliminated.

Following are the major advantages of using solar LED street lights over conventional sodium
vapour lamps:

1. Replacing Sodium Vapour Lamps by Solar LED Street Lights can increase the energy
savings from 50% to 80%
2. LED lights have higher luminous intensity that is, a 150W sodium vapour lamp can be
replaced by a 60W LED lamp and hence lot of power can be saved without any loss of
lumens.
3. Mercury Vapour Lamps, Sodium Vapour Lamps and other gas discharge lamps, LED
lamps does not contain any harmful chemicals or gases and hence do not pollute the
environment.
4. No electronic ballast is used as it runs by constant voltage and current thereby reducing
the heat energy losses due to ballast.
5. As the street light, will work on solar energy, it would not require any wiring for power
supply, simply eliminating the wiring cost.
6. Life span of LED lights is higher than the traditional sodium vapour lamps, can operate up
to 50,000 hours and can last for up to 12 years.
7. Colour rendering index (CRI) of LED lights, which is defined as the ability of the light to
reveal the colours of various objects faithfully, is very high (80-90).
8. If made sure that the batteries are replaced every 2-3 years, solar lighting systems can last
up to 25 years.

4.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM

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 FIGURE 8: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SMART STREET LIGHT

5. SOLAR STREET LIGHT

5.1 SOLAR CHARGE CONTROLLER

The battery charger circuit used by us is constant current charging of battery.
The battery will charge with the constant current of nearly 1/10 th of battery capacity in Ampere-
Hour. For example, the battery capacity is of 3Ah, then the charging current would be constant
0.3Amp or 300ma.
This constant battery charger has following features:
1. It can be used as variable voltage charger i.e. 6V, 9V, 12V according to the value of Zener
Diode are used in our circuit D3and D4.
2. The constant current for charging the battery can be set as per the requirement.
3. Full battery charged indicator.
4. Auto cut-off at full charged of battery.
5. Deep-discharged of battery indicator.
6. Variable input supply can be given i.e. 9-24V.
7. This circuit is provided with short circuit protection using opto-coupler.
8. It can be said fully automatic battery charger which will increase the life of battery.
In this charge controller, we can set the charging current at our need by replacing the R 3 resistor
which is connected at source of MOSFET.
This circuit mainly includes four things as follows:

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  Constant current charging
 Overcharge protection
 Deep discharge protection
 Short circuit protection.
By setting the gate source voltage we can vary the current for charging the battery this is achieved
by potentiometer.
For an overcharge circuit when the battery is sufficient (for e.g., 12V battery reaches the
maximum voltage at 13.5V), adjust pot R 13 so that MOSFET VGS set to zero, so the charging
current flowing into the battery is reduced to milliampere. At this LED 1 will glow indicating the
battery is fully charged. Also, charging of battery stopped.
For deep discharge circuit, initially under normal condition D4 is conductive which makes the T2
drive which results in the LED 2 turned off. If the battery terminal voltage drops to 11V by
adjusting R14 which results in closing T2 and turn on T4 and hence the LED2 glow indicating the
battery terminal voltage is very low.

5.2 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF FAULT DETECTION:

This project is all about to control the street lights and eliminating manual operation. The
street light basically works on the principle of dark detection using Photodiodes. Two photo
diodes are used here one for the street light to turn ON and turn OFF automatically and for fault
detection. During daytime, the PHOTODIODE on sensing sunlight, it will keep the street light off
until the light level is high or the frequency of light is high and the resistance of the
PHOTODIODE is low. The main feature of this project is the Fault Detection where automatic
sensing of faults in the street lights will make detection of fault easier and reduction of manual
operation thereby reducing the maintenance cost of the street light. Here ARDUINO UNO will
work as the brain of the street light system, whereas GSM will give the information about the
street light which is not working properly.

The product is designed in such a way that light sensors are placed at two places in each of
the street light – one above the LED light and other below it. Those two sensors are responsible
for the automatic fault detection of street light. Once the lights are switched on, LIGHT sensors
placed at every light pole are responsible to report problem status via SMS with the help of GSM
module attached with the circuit. Hence, the engineer now can easily locate the particular light to
be taken care of, which minimizes the time to search it and repair. Also, there is no need to report
a complaint for the street light which is not working properly. We are using a logic gate circuit
which detects the fault by either 00 or 11 logics because we are using two light sensors which are
to be placed at two places.

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FIGURE 9: SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF CHARGE CONTROLLER

FIGURE 10: CHARGE CONTROLLER

FIGURE 11: SCHEMATIC OF FAULT DETECTION CIRCUIT

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 1. Inside the LED light
2. Outside the LED light
By using EX-OR LOGIC we can detect this fault.
At last working principle is very simple i.e. when the photodiode receives very less intensity of
light then the output of that will be 12V and when the intensity of sunlight is high the output is
0V.
Hence, we are using two such circuits and the output from both of them will not be same
simultaneously but at a time only one circuit can generate 12V otherwise we can say that fault has
occurred. This fault detection is achieved through the programming in Arduino followed by GSM
Module.
We can control 8 such lights using one GSM and an Arduino Uno microcontroller.

FIGURE 12: FAULT DETECTION CIRCUIT

6. WORKING MODEL

FIGURE 13: WORKING MODEL

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 FIGURE 14: GROUP PHOTO

FIGURE 15: EXTERNAL GUIDE

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 7. FEEDBACK ANALYSIS:

FIGURE 16: FEEDBACK ANALYSIS

Some Notable Feedbacks from the Survey:
1. HimanshuBhadja(4thyear student at VGEC)
-Currently there is no solar energy storage which is more efficient & having long span of
life. So, comparative it becomes nearer to electrical power in cost.

2. Shadam Rajput (Professor at Hebron Higher Secondary School, Ahmedabad)

-Although Solar Power Generation is great replacement for traditional sources but Most of
the photovoltaic panels are made up of silicon and other toxic metals like mercury, lead
and cadmium. Pollution in the environment can also degrade the quality and efficiency of
photovoltaic cells. Kindly take this in mind and improve this!

3. Udatiya Sohil (Employee at Torrent Power Pvt Ltd, Ahmedabad)

I think solar power with better and cheap quality semiconductor should be used! As
government provides subsidy on submersible pumps but the real problem is self-
recharging battery! The cost of self-recharging battery is high around 8-10k as it needs to
be changed after every 3 years, so instead of solar cells more concern should be done on
rechargeable batteries, All the best!

4. Sharad Modh (General Manager at MMTC Ltd (Public Sector), Ahmedabad)

We do not have solar street lights so far...It is good, if provided. ...it is a saving of
electricity.

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5. Mamta Patel(Common Man)
The street lights in our locality do not work half of the time and does not get repaired even
after complaining. On implementing auto turn on and turn off plus auto fault detection will
deduct such problems.

6. Manishsinh Chauhan(Common Man)

Another feature which you guys can add is automatic brightness of the light on sensing the
traffic.

7. Appreciation of Project in Media

FIGURE 17: GANDHINAGAR SAMACHAR DATED 03082017

FIGURE 18: GUJARAT SAMACHAR & SANDESH DATED 04082017

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FIGURE 19: NAVGUJARAT SAMAY DATED 04082017

FIGURE 20: DIVYA BHASKAR DATED 05082017

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 8. ENGINEERING ECONOMICS OF DESIGN
Design almost always have to meet cost-related or other economic targets. Therefore, it is
essential that we understand how to estimate and manage the costs associated with our design
work. In this chapter, we introduce two basic concepts of engineering economics in the context of
the design process, after which we close with some remarks about the field of engineering
economics.
How do we estimate the costs of a design, both as we make it and then over its
planned life? In practice, cost estimation is a complex business that requires skill and
experience. However, there are several ways that we can break out the cost structure of a
device that we are designing. The simplest, conceptually, is to estimate labor, materials,
and overhead costs. This simple statement ignores profits, and it masks the complexity of
the full cost-related details of all but the simplest of artifacts. Nevertheless, we will limit
our discussion to describing only the principal elements that make up the cost categories
listed above, since they allow designers to begin to grasp the economics of a design.
Part guesswork, part experience, part number crunching - how ever you look at it,
determining your price is a difficult task. Here are nine factors to take into consideration
when pricing your services:

8.1. YOUR COSTS

If your rate doesn't include enough just to break-even, you're heading for trouble. The
best thing to do is sum up all your costs and divide by the number of hours you think you
can bill a year. Whatever you do, DON'T think you can bill every hour. You must account
for sick days, holidays, hours working on the business, hours with no work and so on.
Also make sure you factor in all the hidden costs of your business like insurance, invoices
that never get paid for one reason or another, and everyone's favourite - taxes.

8.2. YOUR PROFIT

Somewhat related to your costs, you should always consider how much money you are
trying to make above breaking even. This is business after all.

8.3. MARKET DEMAND

If what you do is in high demand, then you should be aiming to make your services more
expensive. Conversely if there's hardly any work around, you'll need to cheapen up if you
hope to compete.
Signs that demand is high include too much work coming in, other freelancers being
overloaded and people telling you they've been struggling to find someone to do the job.
Signs that demand is low include finding yourself competing to win jobs, a shortage of
work and fellow freelancers reentering the workforce.

8.4. INDUSTRY STANDARDS

It's hard to know what others are charging, but try asking around. Find out what larger
businesses charge as well as other freelancers. The more you know about what others are
charging and what services they provide for the money, the better you'll know how you fit
in to the market.

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8.5. SKILL LEVEL
Not every freelancer delivers the same goods and one would expect to pay accordingly.
When I was a freelancing newbie I charged a rate of $25 an hour for my design, when I
stopped freelancing recently my rate was $125 an hour. Same person, but at different
times I had a different skill level and hence was producing a different result. Whatever
your rate, expect it to be commensurate with your skill.

8.6. EXPERIENCE
Although often bundled with skill, experience is a different factor altogether. You may
have two very talented photographers, but one with more experience might have better
client skills, be able to foresee problems (and thus save the client time and money),
intuitively know what's going to work for a certain audience and so on. Experience
should affect how much you charge.

8.7 YOUR BUSINESS STRATEGY

Your strategy or your angle will make a huge difference to how you price yourself. Think
about the difference between Revlon and Chanel, the two could make the same perfume
but you would never expect to pay the same for both. Figure out how you are pitching
yourself and use that to help determine if you are cheap'n'cheerful, high end or
somewhere in between.

8.8. YOUR SERVICE

What you provide for your clients will also make a big difference to your price tag. For
example you might be a freelancer who will do whatever it takes to get a job just right, or
perhaps you are on call 24-7, or perhaps you provide the minimum amount of
communication to cut costs. Whatever the case, adjusting your pricing to the type and
level of service you provide is a must.

8.9. WHO IS YOUR CLIENT

Your price will often vary for different clients. This happens for a few reasons. Some
clients require more effort, some are riskier, some are repeat clients, some have jobs you
are dying to do, some you wouldn't want to go near with a stick. You should vary your
price to account for these sorts of factors.

SR.NO. COMPONENTS QUANTITY COST

1 SOLAR PANEL 1 900
2 12V BATTERY 1 600
3 IC 7805 2 30
4 MCT2E(OPTOCOUPLER) 1 15
5 IRF 540 MOSFET 3 90
6 2N222 TRNSISTOR 4 30
7 RESISTORS 10 5

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8 CAPACITORS 1 1
9 PHOTODIODE 2 20
10 LED 2 2
11 GSM 1 975
12 ZENER DIODE 2 15
13 POT 3 15
14 ARDUINO UNO 1 400
15 IC 7809 1 15
16 1N4007 2 5
17 CONNECTOR PINS 8 40
18 9V ADAPTER JACK 2 20
19 WIRE - 50
20 LED LIGHT 1 60
21 PCB DESIGN 2 200
GRAND TOTAL 3488

9. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

CONCLUSION – Thus, by examining all the feedbacks from our survey report we can
conclude that an Automatic Solar Street Light is a great initiative to replace the conventional
street lights thereby increasing the comfort level and reducing the maintenance cost of the same.
Moreover, these work on solar energy which assists us in saving electricity for the future.
FUTURE SCOPE – One of the important features that can be added to such street lights
is the Automatic Brightness Control on sensing the amount of traffic. The brightness will increase
on sensing heavy traffic and decrease on sensing low traffic which will save the charge in the
battery and thereby increasing the life of the battery and increasing the efficiency of the street
light.

10.REFERENCES

10.1 URL REFERENCES:

 http://www.instructables.com/id/Solar-Battery-Charging/
 http://www.electroschematics.com/6888/solar-battery-charger-circuit/
 http://www.homemade-circuits.com/2013/08/simple-zero-drop-solar-charger-
circuit.html
 https://www.scribd.com/doc/87053507/A-Project-on-Solar-Battery-Charger

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  https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Md_Rahman60/publication/
261393782_Design_of_a_solar_powered_LED_street_light_Effect_of_panel
%27s_mounting_angle_and_traffic_sensing/links/574bfaaf08ae5bf2e63f4449.pdf?
origin=publication_detail
 http://www.ijera.com/papers/Vol3_issue4/LS3421152119.pdf
 https://www.ijeas.org/download_data/IJEAS0405004.pdf
 http://www.solarcity.com/
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
272626956_Thermography_Diagnostics_of_Photovoltaic_Panels
 http://www.gct.ac.in/19/research-publications
 http://www.innovatrix.co.in/jiit_site/admission/facultypublications.php
 www.gtu.ac.in/circulars/14Oct/Design%20engineering%20workshop
%20_electrical_engineering.pdf
 http://www.gtu.ac.in/circulars/14Oct/Design%20engineering%20workshop
%20_electrical_engineering.pdf
 http://canvasdesignengg.blogspot.in/
 https://robofacts.wordpress.com/design-engineering/
 www.tutorialspoint.com
 http://320volt.com/en/6v-12v-aku-sarj-devresi-ayrlanabilir-akim-kontrol-mosfet/

10.2 APPENDIX– 1

 http://www.engineersgarage.com/articles/gsm-gprsmodules
 http://www.ti.com/product/LM317
 www.vishay.com/docs/91021/91021.pdf

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 10.3 APPENDIX – 2

For more details, visit our google site

https://sites.google.com/site/smartsolarstreetlight

Or scan the QR Code for the same

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 10.4 APPENDIX – 3 : PATENT SEARCH & ANALYSIS REPORT

Department of Power electronics

Vishwakarma Government Engineering College, Chandkheda
Opp. Sangath Mall, Visat-Koba Road, Chandkheda, Ahmedabad
Email: [email protected] Web site:http://pwe.vgecg.ac.in

Date of Submission: 12/09/2017

Dear Masi Faizmahammad Mohammadali,

Studied Patent Number for generation of PSAR : 17BE7_140170124026_1

PART 1: PATENT SEARCH DATABASE USED

Patent Search Database used : Google Patents

Web link of database : https://patents.google.com/

2. Keywords Used for Search : On-grid, Solar, Inverter

3. Search String Used : On-grid Solar Inverter for output

maximization

4. Number of Results/Hits getting : 2482

PART 2: BASIC DATA OF PATENTED INVENTION /BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

5. Category/ Field of Invention :

6. Invention is Related to/Class of Invention : Technological Advancement

6 (a) : IPC class of the studied patent : H02S40/30

Title of Invention : Solar grid-connected electricity-

generation energy output maximization circuit structure

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 8. Patent No. : CN1877979 A

9. Application Number : CN 200610028321

9 (a) : Web link of the studied patent :

http://www.google.ch/patents/CN1877979A?cl=en

10. Date of Filing/Application (DD/MM/YYYY) : 06/29/2006

11.Priority Date (DD/MM/YYYY) :

12. Publication/Journal Number :

13. Publication Date (DD/MM/YYYY) :

14. First Filled Country : Albania :

15. Also Published as

Sr. Country Where Filled Application No./Patent No.

No
1

16. Inventor/s Details.

Sr. Name of Inventor Address/City/Country of Inventor

No
1 Zeng Guohui China
2 Zhang Xiubin China
3 Zhao xingyong China
4 Xiao Hang China

17. Applicant/Assignee Details.

Sr. Name of Applicant/Assignee Address/City/Country of Applicant

No
1 Shanghai Jiaotong University Shangai, China.

18. Applicant for Patent is : University

PART 3: TECHNICAL PART OF PATENTED INVENTION

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19. Limitation of Prior Technology / Art
The prior art shortcomings and deficiencies, there is provided a solar power generation to
maximize energy output circuit configuration, it can promote the photovoltaic cells to
achieve maximum energy at a high power factor output maximized, to ensure that the
system is generating the highest level of efficiency at a fixed conversion efficiency of
photovoltaic cells and light monolithic limited conditions.
20. Specific Problem Solved / Objective of Invention
The proposed invention maximizes energy output circuit structure for solar power
generation. Also, the harmonic content is reduced and the power factor is improved.
21. Brief about Invention
The proposed invention comprises of the following parts: solar battery group, basic inversed
unit, flexible connector, and controller to form multi- level concatenation inversion
topological structure. The solar battery voltage is controlled by passing or breaking time of
four switch elements, which makes basic inversing unit output positive, zero, negative three-
conditioned step voltage within time. The flexible connector solves cascading or paralleling
relationship of inversed unit mutually through PWM strategy. The invention realizes the
output of step differentiated sine AC power of system topological structure, which
maximizes energy output.
22.Key learning Points
(1) 17 times fewer harmonics are all filtered;
(2) the power factor of more than 96%; the power output efficiency

(3) solar cells to convert light intensity by more than 98%.

23. Summary of Invention

The controller, is responsible for the basic inverter unit positive and negative on/off time
control in both directions, and connected in series between the base and connected to the
inverter unit or the control mode. The controller controls all the basic inverter unit negative
conduction, then soft connector under the control of the controller to achieve the above
process is repeated, thus completing the entire cycle of the ladder differential sine AC
output. Flexible connector solves basic string inverter unit with basic inverter unit between
each other / and connected relations and realizes the ladder differential sinusoidal AC output
topology, called ladder differential sinusoidal alternating current, namely the use of a
limited step voltage superimposed by alternating phase-shift mode to produce an
approximate sinusoidal waveform. The present invention maximizes the inverter output
power of the solar cell.

‘
24. Number of Claims : 5
25. Patent Status : Granted Patent & In-force Patent

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26. How much this invention is related with your IDP/UDP?
< 70 %

27. Do you have any idea to do anything around the said invention to improve it? (Give
short note in not more than 500 words)
The harmonic content and the power factor can be reduced if the circuit complexity is
reduced.

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