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Practice 2

The document contains 9 physics problems involving topics like standing waves, organ pipes, sound intensity, Doppler shift, interference patterns, thin films, and diffraction gratings. The problems provide relevant equations and show sample calculations to arrive at the answers.

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19 views9 pages

Practice 2

The document contains 9 physics problems involving topics like standing waves, organ pipes, sound intensity, Doppler shift, interference patterns, thin films, and diffraction gratings. The problems provide relevant equations and show sample calculations to arrive at the answers.

Uploaded by

ihaveabigdickeyandyou123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Review: problems

Problem 1: What are (a) the lowest frequency, (b) the second
lowest frequency, and (c) the third lowest frequency for standing
waves on a wire that is 10.0 m long, has a mass of 100 g, and is
stretched under a tension of 250 N?
For standing waves of string fixed at both ends:

The speed of wave is given by:

(a) f1 = 7.91 Hz; (b) f2 = 15.8 Hz; f3 = 23.7 Hz


Problem 2: Organ pipe A, with both ends open, has a fundamental
frequency of 300 Hz. The third harmonic of organ pipe B, with one
end open, has the same frequency as the second harmonic of pipe A.
Sound speed v = 344 m/s. How long are (a) pipe A and (b) pipe B?

(a) For pipe A with both ends open, the fundamental frequency:
f1A = v / (2LA)
→ LA= v / (2 f1A) = 344/2x300 = 0.572 (m)
The frequency of second harmonic for pipe A:
f2A = 2f1A = 2v / (2LA)
(b) For pipe B with one end open, the frequency of third harmonic:
f3B = 3f1B = 3v / (4LB)
Since f2A = f3B:
2v/(2LA) = 3v / (4LB)
→ LB = 3LA/4 = 0.429 (m)
Problem 3: A 1.0 W point source emits sound waves isotropically.
Assuming that the energy of the waves is conserved, find the
intensity (a) 1.0 m from the source and (b) 2.5 m from the source.

Using the formula:

With P = 1.0 W and A = 4πR2


a) R = 1.0 m → I = 0.08 W/m2
b) R = 2.5 m → I = 0.013 W/m2
Problem 4: A person is standing a certain distance from four noisy
juicers and hear a sound level of 77dB in a juice shop. What sound
level would this person experience if three of them are turned off?

First of all, find the sound intensity that four equally noisy
juicers produce using the sound level formula

The sound intensity of one juicer as

Again, use the sound level formula and find the level for a
single machine
Problem 5: A state trooper with speed 50 m/s chases a speeder
with speed 40 m/s along a straight road. The siren on the trooper’s
vehicle produces sound at a frequency of 500 Hz. What is the
Doppler shift in the frequency heard by the speeder?
+
vtrooper
trooper

vspeeder
speeder

+
trooper vs

speeder
vo
Problem 6. An ambulance with a siren emitting a whine at 1600 Hz
overtakes and passes a cyclist pedaling a bike at 2.44 m/s. After
being passed, the cyclist hears a frequency of 1590 Hz. How fast is
the ambulance moving?
+
ambulance
vambulance
bike vbike

+
ambulance
vs
bike
vo
Problem 7: A double-slit arrangement produces bright interference
fringes for sodium light at a wavelength of 589 nm. The fringes are
angularly separated by 0.30° near the center of the pattern. What is
the angular fringe separation if the entire arrangement is immersed
in water, which has an index of refraction of 1.33?

Condition for bright fringes:


If the angle is small:

The angular separation of two adjacent maxima

In air/vacuum: λ = 589 nm and Δθ = 0.3o


In water: λ’ = λ/n and Δθ’ = λ’/d
→ Δθ’/ Δθ = λ’/λ = 1/n
→ Δθ’ = 0.23o
Problem 8: A thin film suspended in air is 0.410 µm thick and is
illuminated with white light incident perpendicularly on its surface.
The index of refraction of the film is 1.50. A visible light that is
reflected from the two surfaces of the film undergoes fully
constructive interference.
Replacing the film by another film with the index of refraction is
1.30. Find the minimum thickness of the new film so that the same
visible light undergoes fully constructive interference.
With n2 = 1.5, for constructive interference:

(m = 0, 1, 2, …)

Visible light: 380 nm < λ < 700 nm, so λ = 492 nm (with m =1)

With n2 = 1.3:
L = λ/(4n2) = 94.6 nm = 0.0946 µm
(minimum thickness: m = 0)
Problem 9: visible light is incident perpendicularly on a grating
with 315 rulings/mm. What is the longest wavelength that can be
seen in the fifth-order diffraction?
For the grating diffraction maximum

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