Department of ECE

SMART HOME

Underguidance of
N.Mohanraju
Asst.Professor
RGUKT RK Valley

Submitted by
G.Swathi-R170362
P.Vishnu Swathi-R170429
 DECLARATION

We G Swathi,P Vishnu Swathi ,here by declare that this project entitled

“SMART HOME” has sincerely completed by us under the guidance of and
supervision of professor N.Mohan Raju during the third year of Bachelor of
Technology in Electronics and Communication Department.

G.Swathi R170362
P.Vishnu Swathi R170429
 ABSTRACT

This project describes about the Smart house using sensors.Now a

days home automation is increasing fastly.Home automation system
achieved great popularity in the last decades and it increases the
comfort and quality of life. In this paper an overview of current and
emerging home automation systems is discussed. Nowadays most home
automation systems consist of a smart phone and microcontroller.Due to the
rapid development in the field of the Automation industry, human life is
becoming more advanced and better in all aspects.The modern home
automation system gives security and blissful life at residence. That is why
the popularity is growing.
 Contents
➢ Introduction
➢ Objective
➢ Components
➢ Arduino UNO
➢ Software tools
➢ Working Principle
• PIR Sensor
• Ultrasonic Sensor
• DC Servo Motor
• Temperature Sensor
➢ Circuit Diagram
➢ Schematic View
➢ Advantages
➢ Future Scope
➢ Conclusion
 SMART HOME

Introduction

Home automation for a home, called a smart home or smart house. A home
automation system will monitor and/or control home attributes such as lighting,
climate, entertainment systems, and appliances. It may also include home security
such as access control and alarm systems.

Home automation is a network of hardware, communication, and electronic

interfaces that work to integrate everyday devices with one another via the Internet.
Each device has sensors.This allows you to turn on the lights, lock the front door, or
even turn down the heat, no matter where you are.

Objective

The main objective of this project is to build a smart home device which can be
used to control the home appliances via internet. The home automation device that
you build can be integrated with almost all the home appliances and can be used to
control them remotely from any part of the world.

• To learn the working of the various sensors

• To learn the Arduino Uno R3

Components

 Arduino UNO R3
 PIR Sensor
 Ultrasonic Sensor
 DC Servo motor
 Temperature Sensor
 Bulb
 Led
 Breadboard
Arduino UNO
The Arduino UNO is a standard board of Arduino. Here UNO means 'one'
in Italian. It was named as UNO to label the first release of Arduino Software.
Arduino UNO is based on an Atmega328P microcontroller. It is easy to use
compared to other boards, such as the Arduino Mega board, etc.
The Arduino UNO includes 6 analog pin inputs, 14 digital pins, a USB
connector, a power jack, and an ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) header.
It is programmed based on IDE, which stands for Integrated Development
Environment. It can run on both online and offline platforms.

The components of Arduino UNO board are shown below:

Let's discuss each component in detail.

• ATmega328 Microcontroller- It is a single chip Microcontroller of the ATmel

family. The processor code inside it is of 8-bit. It combines Memory (SRAM,
 EEPROM, and Flash), Analog to Digital Converter, SPI serial ports, I/O
lines, registers, timer, external and internal interrupts, and oscillator

• ICSP pin- The In-Circuit Serial Programming pin allows the user to program
using the firmware of the Arduino board.

• Power LED Indicator- The ON status of LED shows the power is activated.
When the power is OFF, the LED will not light up.

• Digital I/O pins- The digital pins have the value HIGH or LOW. The pins
numbered from D0 to D13 are digital pins.

• TX and RX LED's- The successful flow of data is represented by the lighting

of these LED's.

• AREF- The Analog Reference (AREF) pin is used to feed a reference voltage
to the Arduino UNO board from the external power supply.

• Reset button- It is used to add a Reset button to the connection.

• USB- It allows the board to connect to the computer. It is essential for the
programming of the Arduino UNO board.

• Crystal Oscillator- The Crystal oscillator has a frequency of 16MHz, which

makes the Arduino UNO a powerful board.

• Voltage Regulator- The voltage regulator converts the input voltage to 5V.
• GND- Ground pins. The ground pin acts as a pin with zero voltage.
• Vin- It is the input voltage.

• Analog Pins- The pins numbered from A0 to A5 are analog pins. The function
of Analog pins is to read the analog sensor used in the connection. It can also
act as GPIO (General Purpose Input Output) pins.

Software Tools

1.Tinkercad
In this project we use the Tinkercad online platform.We use this
platform for the IOT projects simulation in the software before getting done
with the hardware project.Since it became available in 2011 it became a popular
platform for creating electronic circuits,3D models and also to construct solid
geometry.This web app that equips the next generation of designers and
engineers with the foundational skills for innovation.In this project we use the
ULTRASONIC Sensor,PIR Sensor,Temperature sensor,LED,Breadboard,
Arduino which are available in the Tinkercad website.

Working

1.PIR sensor:
Passive infrared (PIR) sensors use a pair of pyroelectric sensors to
detect heat energy in the surrounding environment. These two sensors sit beside
each other, and when the signal differential between the two sensors changes (if a
person enters the room, for example), the sensor will engage.

2.Ultrasonic sensor:

Ultrasonic sensors work by sending out a sound wave at a

frequency above the range of human hearing. The transducer of the sensor acts as
a microphone to receive and send the ultrasonic sound. Our ultrasonic sensors, like
many others, use a single transducer to send a pulse and to receive the echo.
3.DC SERVO MOTOR
Servo motor works on PWM (Pulse width modulation) principle, means its
angle of rotation is controlled by the duration of applied pulse to its Control
PIN. Basically servo motor is made up of DC motor which is controlled by a variable
resistor (potentiometer) and some gears.
• Here we used servo motor as door which motor rotates 90 degrees is assumed
to be as door.

4.Temperature sensor

The basic principle of working of the temperature sensors is the voltage

across the diode terminals. If the voltage increases, the temperature also rises,
followed by a voltage drop between the transistor terminals of base and emitter in a
diode.

Circuit Diagram
From above picture we seen that
➢ The Arduino uno 5v pin and gnd pin is given to the breadboard supply
and ground.
➢ The Ultrasonic sensor’s power and Gnd pin given to breadboard and the
Signal pin is connected to Arduino digital pin 7.And DC servo motor
input is connected to the Arduino digital pin 8.
➢ Ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the distance of the objects or persons
by using this principle we made an automatic door system.

➢ Here we use the DC servo motor in place of door.

➢ If the person far from the door means more than 100cm the door will
close or else if person is less than 100cm near to the door so the door will
as the servo motor turn 90 degrees
➢ The PIR sensor’s power and Gnd pin given to breadboard and the Signal
pin is connected to Arduino digital pin 2.The bulb is given to gnd and
digital pin 12.

➢ PIR sensor is used to detect the movement of objects we use this sensor
for home security.Suppose any person movement is detected the bulb will
glow for sometime. If there is no movement the bulb will glow off.
➢ The Temperature sensor’s power and Gnd pin given to breadboard and the
Signal pin is connected to Arduino Analog pin Ao.
➢ By varying the temperature intensity in slide bar as shown in the above
figure.If the temperature is low the LED will turn off else the LED will glow.

Schematic View

Results:
1.ULTRASONIC SENSOR:
* If the person far from the door means more than 100cm the door will close.

* Here the person is less than 100cm near to the door so the door will as the
servo motor turn 90 degrees.

2. TEMPERATURE SENSOR:

* By varying the temperature intensity in slide bar as shown in the above

figure.
* If the temperature is high then LED will glow.
* If the temperature is low the LED will turn off.

3.PIR SENSOR:

* PIR sensor is used to detect the movement of objects we use this

sensor for home security.
* Suppose any person movement is detected the bulb will glow for
sometime.
Advantages

• Comfort: Use home automation to make your home a more comfortable,

livable space. Preprogram your thermostat with your preferred settings so that
your home is always at a comfortable temperature, set up smart speakers to
play music when you get home from work, or adjust your lights to soften or
brighten based on the time of day.
• Convenience: Program devices to turn on automatically at certain times, or
access their settings remotely from anywhere with an Internet connection.
When you don’t have to remember to lock the door behind you or switch off
the lights, you can turn your attention to more important things.
• Increased safety: Smart fire detectors, carbon monoxide monitors, pressure
sensors, and other home automation security features can help protect your
home from disaster.
• Energy efficiency: Home automation allows you to be more mindful of your
power usage. For example, you can save on energy bills by reducing the length
of time that lights stay on, or by lowering temperatures when you leave a room.

Future scope:
Future scope for the home automation systems involves making homes
even smarter. Homes can be interfaced with sensors including motion sensors, light
sensors and temperature sensors and provide automated toggling of devices based on
conditions.

There are several new technologies which can become a part of home in the near
future:
1.Increased efficiency, control, and customization:
The devices will work automatically and you don’t need to waste
your energy it will act upon user’s preferences. AI would revolutionize home by
automatic threat detection and proactive alertness.
2.Integration of Smart home devices:
In near future, homes will be equipped with such IoT devices which
will make your daily lives work faster smoother and more accurate. Also, more
recently, Google launched two more Google Home speakers, Home Max and Home
Mini.
3.Smart spaces outside homes:
Smart parking through sensors will help to recognize whether the
parking is available or not. Camera monitoring can be done and with the help of
artificial intelligence and computer vision, both parking facilities and security can be
provided. Streetlights can also be automated through sensors and build for effective
use for the people nearby.
4.Development of smart appliances:
The devices which we use to use like television, refrigerator and
even the mirror is getting smarter today with evolution of technology. The smart
mirror should not only act as a face video but also help to other tasks like listening to
music and stuff. Televisions have become part of a centralized entertainment and can
also be used for social media. The refrigerator has been upgraded to sense the
temperature outside and operate accordingly. The washing machine will wash the
clothes according to the clothes material and switch off after drying. They will keep
on advancing as the technology evolves.

5.Personal home delivery:

Drones will be used to deliver the packages at the right time. They
will replace the normal salesman job. They might also be used for several other tasks
like monitoring the weather outside the home, returning something back to a
relative’s home nearby and so on. They can also be used for monitoring the traffic in
our locality.
Even we can build many projects around it by discovering
new areas of the internet of things and make the world a smarter place to live in.

CONCLUSION:
The project has proposed the idea of smart homes that can support a lot of
home automation systems. A smart home contains a connection between wireless
communication, sensors, monitoring and tracking. Smart homes are a huge system
that includes multiple technologies and applications that can be used to provide
security and control of the home easily.
Also this project showed the idea of making a navigator in the home to
measuring the temperature in all rooms and to detect any motion in the home by
using ultrasonic sensors. These designs were for access control to the home,
temperature validation, and control board system to connect all the security and
control circuits together.