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MODULE - 4 - Introduction To Cell Structure and Functions of Animal and Plant Cell

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31 views22 pages

MODULE - 4 - Introduction To Cell Structure and Functions of Animal and Plant Cell

Uploaded by

Nedith
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

to Cell
Structure
and MODULE #4

Functions of
Animal and
Plant Cell
Definition of Cell
❑ Cells are made up of small organ-
like structures called organelles.

❑ Each organelle has a specific


function that helps the cell
function as a whole.

❑ Plant and animal cells are similar,


but they have different structures
specific to their needs & functions.

❑ All forms of life, from simple


bacteria to human beings, are
made up of cells.
ANIMAL CELL VS. PLANT CELL
Prokaryotic
• Do not have
structures
surrounded by
membranes
• Few internal
structures
• One-celled
organisms,
Bacteria
Eukaryotic
• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
• Most living organisms
Plant Animal
“Typical” Animal Cell”
➢ Animal cells are typical of the
eukaryotic cell, enclosed by a
plasma membrane and
containing a membrane-bound
nucleus and organelles.
➢ Unlike the eukaryotic cells of
plants and fungi, animal cells
do not have a cell wall.
➢ Animal cells lack a cell wall.
➢ This gives animal cells
flexibility. It lets them take on
different shapes so they can
become specialized to do
particular jobs.
➢ Plant cells are the basic “Typical” Plant Cell
unit of life in organisms
of the kingdom Plantae.
➢ They are eukaryotic cells,
which have a true nucleus
along with specialized
structures called
organelles that carry out
different functions.
➢ Plant cells have special
organelles called
chloroplasts, which
create sugars via
photosynthesis.
Cell Membrane
➢ Controls what moves in & out
of the cell (takes in food/ gases
& removes wastes)
➢ Outermost layer of an animal
cell
➢ Inside the cell wall of plant
cells
➢ Found in plant & animal cells
Cell Wall
➢ Rigid, outermost layer of
the plant cell
➢ shapes, protects
&supports the cell
➢ Gives shape and
protection to plant cells.
➢ Found in plant cells only
Nucleus
➢ Control center for cell
activities
➢ Contains genetic
information in
chromosomes (DNA)
that determine which
traits are passed to
offspring
➢ Found in plant &
animal cells
Nuclear Membrane
➢Surrounds nucleus
➢Made of two layers
➢Openings allow
material to enter
and leave nucleus
➢Found in plant &
animal cells
Chromosomes
➢ In nucleus
➢ Made of DNA
➢ Contain instructions
for traits &
characteristics
Nucleolus
➢Inside nucleus
➢Contains RNA to
build proteins
➢A round structure
in the nucleus that
makes ribosomes
➢Found in plant &
animal cells
Cytoplasm
➢ Clear thick jelly-like
fluid between the inside
the cell membrane
➢ Contains & supports
the organelles
➢ Found in plant &
animal cells
Endoplasmic Reticulum
➢ Moves materials around
in cell
➢ Smooth type: lacks
ribosomes
➢ Rough type (pictured):
ribosomes embedded in
surface
➢ Found in plant & animal
cells
Ribosomes
➢ Each cell contains
thousands
➢ Found on ribosomes
& floating throughout
the cell
➢ Helps make protein
for the cell.
➢ Found in plant &
animal cells
Mitochondria
➢ Controls level of water and
other materials in cell
➢ Recycles and decomposes
proteins, fats, and
carbohydrates
➢ The “Powerhouse”. Breaks
down food to produce energy in
the form of ATP.
➢ Site of cellular respiration
which releases energy by
breaking the chemical bonds of
food
➢ Found in plant & animal cells
Golgi Bodies Apparatus
➢ Protein 'packaging
plant'
➢ Move materials within
the cell
➢ Move materials out of
the cell
➢ Found in plant &
animal cells
Lysosome
➢ Digestive 'plant' for proteins,
fats, and carbohydrates
➢ Transports undigested
material to cell membrane for
removal
➢ Cell breaks down if lysosome
explodes
➢ Contains digestive enzymes
that destroy damaged
organelles and invaders.
➢ Found in plant & animal cells
Vacuoles
➢ Contains water solution
➢ Stores water, wastes &
other materials
➢ Helps provide shape &
structure in plant cells
➢ Larger in plant cells since
they may have to go for
long periods without rain
➢ Found in plant & animal
cells
Chloroplast
➢ Usually found in plant cells
➢ Contains green pigment
chlorophyll where
photosynthesis takes place
➢ Changes sunlight into sugar
for plant cells.
➢ Found in plant cell only
Cytoskeleton
➢ A structure that helps cells
maintain their shape and
internal organization
➢ Provides mechanical
support that enables cells
to carry out essential
functions like division and
movement.
➢ Found in plant & animal
cells

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