JIMMY SEKASI

BUSINESS INSTITUTE
 COMPUTER
APPLICATIONS
 Introduction to

COMPUTING

@JSBI 2024
 Introduction to COMPUTING
Course Overview
¨ Introduction to computing
¨ Installing OS and Application software
¨ Introduction to MS office

@JSBI 2024
Introduction to Computing
Sub Topic 1.1: Introduction to Computers
Sub Topic 1.2: World of ICTs
Sub Topic 1.3: Implications of Using ICTs

By: NYAKAMWE THOMAS

@JSBI 2024
 1.1 Describing a Computer
A computer is an electronic device capable of data input, processing,
storage and output information.
 Describing a computer

A computer system is more than a box with components; it

encompasses four elements that make the machine fully
useful:
 Hardware
 Software
 Data
 Users
A computer system (illustration)
 Parts/components of a computer hardware

Computer Hardware
This is a term used to describe all the various physical devices of a
computer.
Computer hardware components are tangible (they can be touched).
Computer hardware includes.
 Input devices like the keyboard and mouse,
 Processing devices like the Microprocessor Chip,
 Storage devices like the Hard disks and the CDs,
 Output devices like the monitor and the printer.
 Parts/components of a computer hardware

Monitor

Speaker
Keyboard
Can you name
Computer Case other devices
(Processor inside) that can work
with a computer
Mouse
CD-ROM/DVD that were not
Drive
listed?
Printer
Floppy Disk
Drive
 Parts/components of a computer hardware

Computer Software
 Software is a term for electronic instructions that tell the computer how
to perform a task.
 These are a series of programs (instructions) that tell the computer what
and how to work.
 Computer software can be grouped into System software and Application
software.
 Parts/components of a computer hardware

Computer Software…..cont

System software like the Operating system (such as Windows, Linux, UNIX,
DOS, Mac Os etc.) are used to manage and coordinate all the computer
resources and activities.

Application software (such as Games, Calculator and Media Player, Word

Processors, etc.) solve the specific or exact needs of the user.
 Parts/components of a computer hardware

Computer Users

Computer Users (Humanware) refers to the people who operate and initialize instructions to the computer system.

They design and develop computer systems, operate the computer hardware, create the software, and establish
procedures for carrying out tasks.

There are two kinds of Computer Users:

Ordinary user - is someone without much technical knowledge of computers but uses computers to produce
information for professional or personal tasks, enhance learning, or have fun. Ordinary users include Computer
students, Typists (Secretaries), etc.

Professional user -is a person in a profession involving computers who has had formal education in the technical
aspects of computers; Examples include Computer programmers, webmasters,
 Parts/components of a computer hardware

Data
refers to raw facts and figures used to create information
This is entered into the computer by the user via input devices, in a form suitable for
processing.
Data may consist of characters, symbols, sounds and graphics, videos etc.
 COMPUTER DATA AND INFORMATION
Data
refers to raw facts and figures used to create information
This is entered into the computer by the user via input devices, in a form suitable for
processing.
Data may consist of characters, symbols, sounds and graphics, videos etc.
 COMPUTER DATA AND INFORMATION

Computer Information refers to the processed data that makes meaning and is useful.

For example the figure 10082006 may be input as data, but once this same figure is
converted to the format 10/08/2006, you realize that it’s a date.

Computer Information is organized into files, which are collections of data grouped
together and given a name

A file that a user can open and use is often called a document.
 COMPUTER DATA AND INFORMATION

Computer Information refers to the processed data that makes meaning and is useful.

For example the figure 10082006 may be input as data, but once this same figure is
converted to the format 10/08/2006, you realize that it’s a date.

Computer Information is organized into files, which are collections of data grouped
together and given a name

A file that a user can open and use is often called a document.
 COMPUTER DATA AND INFORMATION

• The information processing cycle is a series of steps the computer follows to receive
data:
Input: The computer accepts data from some source
Processing: The computer's processing components perform actions on or with the data
Output: The computer provides the results of its processing
Storage: The computer stores the results of its processing.
 COMPUTER DATA AND INFORMATION

Looking at the parts of the computer that we looked at, in

what stage do you think each computer part would be
listed under

??
 WORLD OF ICTS
Sub topic Objectives:
¨ Explaining the meaning of ICTs.
¨ Justifying the use of ICTs in society in..
- business
- education
- Health
- security
- politics and governance
- art, leisure and entertainment
- industrial, technical and scientific uses
¨ Searching the Internet.
 Meaning of ICTs
The term Information and communication
Technology (ICT) combines three items i.e.
[information, communication, and technology]
Communication in this regard refers to the
electronic transfer of data from one point to
another.
Technology refers to the technique and way of
doing something.
What is Information? We shall define this
ahead…
 Meaning of ICTs
GENERAL DEFINITON: Information and Communication Technology
(ICT) refers to the broad range of hardware, software, network
infrastructure and media that enable the processing, storage and
sharing of information among humans and computers, locally and
globally”
ICT devices range from radio, television, cellular phones, compact
disks, Fax machines, computers, biometric devices, internet and
network hardware and software platforms, satellite systems and so
on. It involves to all means which facilitate information or data
capture processing storage and output.
 The USE of ICTs in Society

Today people use ICTs in almost every walk of life.

However, along with these advancements of science there arises
the dilemma of development of technology as it affects human
individuals.
They have come with both positive and negative impacts to our
society.
 The USE of ICTs in Society
Computers are applied in the areas of
1) Education,
2) Business,
3) Health,
4) security,
5) Politics, E.t.c
6) Communication,
7) Entertainment / leisure,
8) Technical and scientific uses
 The USE of ICTs in Society
Computers are applied in the areas of
1) Education,
2) Business,
3) Health,
4) security,
5) Politics, E.t.c
6) Communication,
7) Entertainment / leisure,
8) Technical and scientific uses
 The USE of ICTs in Society
Coursework

How are computer used/applied in the following fields?

Education, Business, Health, security, Politics,

Communication, Entertainment / leisure, Technical and
scientific uses
 SEARCHING THE INTERNET
 The internet is a global connection of computer networks.
 The internet connects together billions of computers and
other ICT devices, to exchange and share information all
over the world.
 To find the information that we want, we search or
‘browse’ or ‘surf’ the World Wide Web (WWW).
 The WWW is a service on the Internet that consists of
Websites, containing hyperlinked electronic documents
(webpages) with different kinds of information.
 SEARCHING THE INTERNET
 You can open a Web page by entering a Web address in
the Address bar of a web browser.
 A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is another term for
Web address. Web addresses uniquely identify websites
on the www, for example http://www.newvision.co.ug
Web browsers are software programs that are used for
displaying Webpages on computers. Examples Include:
Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, Safari, Opera mini, Google
chrome, etc.
 SEARCHING THE INTERNET
If you don’t know the URL of the website you want to visit,
you can use a web search engine
Search Engines are Software programs or systems that look
through the www to locate sites matching a keyword entered
by the user.
Keyword: A string of letters or words that indicates the
subject to be searched.
 SEARCHING THE INTERNET
Popular search engines include Yahoo, Bing and Google.
(www.google.com)

Microsoft Internet Explorer web browser displaying the

webpage for the Google search engine.
 IMPLICATIONS OF ICTS
Sub Topic Objectives: • 1.3.1 Positive Implications of Using
Computers to Society
Discussing the implications of using
ICTs. • 1.3.2 Negative Implications of Using
→ social / ethical Computers to Society
→ economic • 1.3.3 Health concerns of computer
→ political use
→ environmental (Green • 1.3.4 Green Computing
Computing)
→ security, reliability and resilience
• 1.3.5 Security, reliability and
of computer systems resilience of computer systems
 POSITIVE IMPLICATIONS OF USING COMPUTER TO THE SOCIETY

 Computers have Created and widened employment

opportunities e.g.; software engineers, computer teachers,
technicians, etc.
 Improved education and research by simplifying teaching and
learning. E.g. abstract content can be made real through cyber
science technology – others are computer aided teaching and
computer aided learning, presentations software, etc.
 Improved entertainment and leisure through computer games,
music, etc for people to refresh and make-up.
 POSITIVE IMPLICATIONS OF USING COMPUTER TO THE SOCIETY

 Improved communication and collaboration through computer

networks. Improved health services where computers facilitate
recording, monitoring, and diagnosis for patients.
 Improved security through computer managed gates and
monitoring of commercial and domestic premises, detecting
and controlling crime by police.
 Reduced production time and manufacturing processes
through computer aided manufacturing and computer aided
designing which have greatly improved the quantity and
quality of life.
 POSITIVE IMPLICATIONS OF USING COMPUTER TO THE SOCIETY

 Improved customer services delivery and care e.g networked

computers provide 24/7 on-line services like credit cards
Improved business and investment opportunities.
 Improved data and document production, storage and
manipulation.
 NEGATIVE IMPLICATIONS OF USING COMPUTER TO THE SOCIETY

Х Computer related crime e.g. forgeries, cyberbullying, Piracy

etc.
Х Increased cost of production as computers are very expensive
to buy and maintain. Computer experts can as well be
expensive to hire.
Х They are many health hazards e.g. can cause eye defects,
Tendonitis, RSI, etc.
Х Electronic fraud: Stealing money electronically through
practices like Credit card cloning and illegal money transfers.
Х Impact on Environment: Computer manufacturing processes
and computer waste are depleting natural resources and
polluting the environment.
 NEGATIVE IMPLICATIONS OF USING COMPUTER TO THE SOCIETY

Х Hacking: Unauthorized access into computers possibly to

access information, compromising privacy. e.g. Wikileaks
Х Virus threats which has made data storage and safety very
unreliable.
Х Loss of employment as they take over job assignments for
semi and less skilled job functions.
Х Deaths and accidents due to computer malfunctioning or
explosion.
Х Erosion of human integrity and creativity as even the smallest
calculation is assigned to the computer. Other cases are
Forgeries, GMFs, test tube children, etc.
 HEALTH CNCERNS OF CMPUTER USE

 The widespread use of computers has led to some important user health
concerns:
 People who spend their workday using the computer sometimes complain of
lower back pain, muscle fatigue, and emotional fatigue.
 A repetitive strain injury (RSI) is an injury or disorder of the muscles, nerves,
tendons, ligaments, and joints. Computer-related RSIs include tendonitis and
carpal tunnel syndrome.
 Tendonitis is inflammation of a tendon due to some repeated motion or
stress on that tendon.
 Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is inflammation of the nerve that connects the
forearm to the palm of the wrist. Symptoms of CTS include burning pain
when the nerve is compressed, along with numbness and tingling in the
thumb and first two fingers.
 HEALTH CNCERNS OF CMPUTER USE

Factors that cause these

disorders include prolonged
typing, prolonged mouse usage,
or continual shifting between
the mouse and the keyboard.
NB: If untreated, these Tendonitis and
CTS can lead to permanent physical
damage.