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Design of an Ultra Low Power Low Noise Amplifier for 5-GHz band

2023-2024

CHAPTER 4

REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

4.1 Software Tools

4.1.1 Cadence Virtuoso

Cadence Virtuoso is a popular electronic design automation (EDA) software suite for integrated circuit
(IC) design. It includes a comprehensive collection of tools for designing, validating, and implementing
complicated integrated circuits.

Fig 4.1 Cadence Virtuoso [9]


Cadence Virtuoso is created by Cadence Design Systems, a well-known EDA firm. It is typically
utilized in the design of analog, mixed-signal, and custom digital integrated circuits. The software
includes a full set of tools for schematic capture, simulation, layout design, and physical verification.
Virtuoso offers a user-friendly environment for creating and altering circuit diagrams. It accepts a
variety of design entry methods, such as graphical sketching, net listing, and hierarchical design. For
easy schematic generation, the software includes a large library of electronic components and gadgets.

Cadence Virtuoso provides a range of simulation techniques for accurate circuit analysis. It is
compatible with well-known simulators like Ultrasim, Spectre, and Spectre RF. Users may execute
transient, DC, AC, and frequency-domain analysis to verify the behavior and performance of the

Department of Electronics& Communication, SCEM 7


Design of an Ultra Low Power Low Noise Amplifier for 5-GHz band
2023-2024
circuit. With Virtuoso's robust IC layout creation tools, customers may create tangible prototypes of
their circuits. It supports routing and placement techniques that are both automated and human.The
application offers capabilities for performance, manufacturability, and space utilization layout
improvement.
Analog circuit designers may create and examine basic building blocks including operationalamplifiers,
filters, and data converters in Virtuoso's flexible environment. Their digital equivalents use the program
to build complex digital blocks, flip-flops, and logic gates. Interestingly, Virtuoso goes above these
limitations, managing mixed-signal designs with ease and skillfully fusing analog and digital functions.

However, Virtuoso's skill goes much beyond the original design. It gives designers the ability to
painstakingly identify any issues before a single chip is etched by simulating circuit behavior undera
wide range of scenarios. This digital testing ground works wonders, cutting down on expensive
mistakes and quickening the design process. When the design is just right, you may use Virtuoso's
layout modification capabilities. These instruments painstakingly convert the circuit diagram into a
chip's physical architecture, minimizing available space and guaranteeing faultless performance upon
fabrication.
Cadence Virtuoso is essentially an invaluable tool for integrated circuit designers, helping them step-by-
step from the original design of a circuit to the finished product—ready to be mass-produced intothe
electrical wonders that change the world.

Department of Electronics& Communication, SCEM 8


Design of an Ultra Low Power Low Noise Amplifier for 5-GHz band
2023-2024

CHAPTER 5
APPLICATIONS
• A Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) is a crucial component in many communication and electronic systems,
where amplifying weak signals with minimal added noise is essential. Here are some common
applications of Low Noise Amplifiers.

• A Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) is vital in communication systems, enhancing weak signals without
introducing significant noise. Commonly used in radio frequency (RF) receivers, LNAs improve the
sensitivity and range of wireless devices like cell phones and Wi-Fi routers.

• In satellite communication, LNAs amplify faint signals received from space, aiding in data retrieval.

• They play a crucial role in medical equipment such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) receivers,
ensuring accurate and clear imaging.

Department of Electronics& Communication, SCEM 9


Design of an Ultra Low Power Low Noise Amplifier for 5-GHz
2023-2024

CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSION

This work concludes with a thorough examination and application of an ultra-low-power Low Noise
Amplifier (LNA) designed for the 5-GHz band using a CMOS 0.18μm process.Low Noise Amplifier
(LNA) designed for the 5-GHz band using a CMOS 0.18μm process. Initially, the LNA utilizes a
combination of techniques including current reuse, transformer-coupled feedback gain boosting, and
forward body bias to optimize its performance, achieving a noise figure (NF) and power gain of 3.51
dB and 16.47 dB respectively. Subsequently, through the incorporation of Capacitor Coupling
technique, the LNA demonstrates enhanced results with a NF of 4.1 dB and a power gain of 21.4 dB,
operating at a voltage of 0.63 V and a DC power dissipation of 0.48 mW. Overall, the proposed ultra-
low-power LNA exhibits superiornoise and gain performance alongside low DC power dissipation,
making it highly suitable for applications inultra-low-power wireless systems.

Department of Electronics & Communication, SCEM 10


Design of an Ultra Low Power Low Noise Amplifier for 5-GHz 2023-2024

REFERENCES

1. Kumar, Nishant, and Rajani Bisht. "Design of an Ultra Low Power Low Noise Amplifier for 5-GHz
band." In 2020 IEEE International Conference for Innovation in Technology (INOCON), pp. 1-4.
IEEE, 2020.
2. Vishniu, K. S., and V. Vaithianathan. "Design of CMOS Low Noise Amplifier for 5G Applications
Using 45nm Technology." In 2020 4th International Conference on Trends in Electronics and
Informatics (ICOEI)(48184), pp. 99-104. IEEE, 2020..
3. Järvenhaara, J., Igor M. Filanovsky, I. Nevalainen, and Nikolay T. Tchamov. "A Two-Stage LNA
Design for 28GHz Band Of 5G on 45nm CMOS." In 2020 IEEE 63rd International Midwest
Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), pp. 957-961. IEEE, 2020..
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using ADS and cadence." Materials Today: Proceedings 24 (2020): 1981-1986..
5. Mudavath, Mahesh, K. Hari Kishore, Azham Hussain, and C. S. Boopathi. "Design and analysis of
CMOS RF receiver front-end of LNA for wireless applications." Microprocessors and Microsystems
75 (2020): 102999..
6. Kushwaha, Deependra Singh, Ananta Kant Rai, Sweta Agrawal, Pankaj Kumar Pal, and Hemant
Kumar Singhal. "A Narrow Band Cascode Source Degeneration Low Noise Amplifier with π-Input
Matching at 5 GHz Frequency." In 2019 2nd International Conference on Innovations in Electronics,
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7. Ramuswaminaath, J., Mageshwaran Swaminathan, and Kalyan Bhattacharyya. "Design, Reliability
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(AESPC), vol. 1, pp. 1-4. IEEE, 2018.
8. Sankaran, K. Sakthidasan, and K. E. Purushothaman. "Adaptive enhancement of low Noise amplifier
using Cadence Virtuoso tool." In 2017 Second International Conference on Recent Trends and
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VjA3NlYXJjaARzbGsDYnV0dG9u;_ylc

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, SCEM 11

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