SSB Generation using Phase Method

Abstract:
This laboratory report explores the generation of Single-Sideband (SSB) signals using phase methods. SSB
modulation offers spectral efficiency advantages over Double-Sideband (DSB) modulation. The
experiment aims to understand and implement phase methods for SSB signal generation, analyzing the
impact on spectral characteristics. Results include spectral analyses, modulation index measurements.
The report provides valuable insights into SSB modulation techniques and their applications in
communication systems. This lab also introduces us to Phase shifting modules like Quadrature Phase
Shifter.

Objectives:
The main objectives of this lab session include:

• Introduction to Quadrature Phase Splitter module.

• Estimate the side band suppression.
• Understand the difference between SSB and DSB signal just by looking at the signal.

Introduction:
Single-Sideband (SSB) signals:
Single-Sideband (SSB) modulation is a technique used in communication systems to transmit information
more efficiently than traditional amplitude modulation (AM). In SSB, only one of the sidebands is
transmitted, either the upper or lower sideband, while the carrier and the other sideband are
suppressed. This eliminates redundant information, making SSB more bandwidth-efficient compared to
Double-Sideband (DSB) modulation. The basic idea behind SSB modulation is to suppress one of the
sidebands and the carrier, transmitting only the essential information in the remaining sideband. This
results in reduced bandwidth usage and increased spectral efficiency. SSB modulation is commonly used
in voice communications, amateur radio, and some broadcasting applications.

Overall, SSB modulation is valued for its efficient use of bandwidth, allowing more channels to coexist
within the available frequency spectrum. It is an essential technique in modern communication systems,
contributing to improved spectral utilization and reduced interference.

In our lab experiment, we only used the phase-shifting method. A setup for the particular way is shown
in the figure below to achieve SSB.
 Figure 1 SSB generation using phase shifting method

A Quadrature Phase Splitter (QPS):

A Quadrature Phase Splitter (QPS) is a device used in communication systems to divide an input signal
into two equal-amplitude output signals that are 90 degrees out of phase. This 90-degree phase
relationship is crucial for various modulation schemes like Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) and
Single-Sideband (SSB) modulation. QPS modules provide balanced output signals, ensuring equal
amplitudes and isolation to prevent interference. They are versatile across a broad frequency range and
find applications in radio communication, radar systems, and phased array antennas where precise
phase control is essential for optimal performance.

Figure 2 QPS

Equipment:
• TIMS-310C
• Software
• Picoscope
• Quadrature Phase shifter
• Phase shifter, Multiplier, Master Signal and Audio Oscillator modules.

Block diagram:

Figure 3 SSB Generation

Procedure:
The experiment was conducted following these steps:

• The task's objective was to validate the QPS module's functionality, ensuring a consistent 90-degree
phase difference between its two outputs when presented with identical inputs. To achieve this, a 1
kHz low-frequency sinusoid from the audio oscillator module was used as the input, and the
resulting outputs were observed using an oscilloscope configured in X-Y spectrum mode.
• Changes in input frequency were introduced to observe the effects on the output. The QPS module
demonstrated stability, maintaining a circular shape at different frequencies, indicating proper
functionality.
• For SSB generation, the module was connected according to the provided figure. The Audio
Oscillator was set to produce a 1 kHz signal, serving as the QPS module input. The DSBSC signal
generation by each multiplier was individually verified by analyzing the waveforms on the
oscilloscope.
• The gain "G" of one adder input was minimized to zero, and the gain of the other input was adjusted
to achieve a peak-to-peak output voltage of 4 volts. After disconnecting the input from the adder,
the gain of the remaining input was adjusted to maintain a 4-volt peak-to-peak output.
• Upon reconnecting the input to the adder, the output closely resembled the desired SSB signal. To
enhance the output quality, adjustments were made to the gain of the adder and phase shifter,
effectively eliminating ripples from the output.
• A frequency counter was employed to discern the modulation type (USB or LSB) of the generated
signal. The analysis revealed that the signal had a frequency of 101 kHz. It's noteworthy that the
carrier frequency of the 100 kHz message signal was set at 1 kHz.

Calculation:
P= 1.95 Q=1.8

𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐵𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 20 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 ( 𝑃 + 𝑄 /𝑃 − 𝑄 ) 𝑑𝐵

𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐵𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 28.88 𝑑B

Results:

Figure 4 90 degree shifted wave of QPS

Figure 5 final result

 Figure 6 side band suppression measurement

Discussion:

The lab experiment on Single Sideband (SSB) generation using phase methods involved several key steps
and observations. Here's a discussion of the various stages and outcomes:

Message Signal and Carrier Signal Generation:

An audio oscillator module was utilized to generate a low-frequency message signal of 1 kHz. A master
oscillator produced a carrier signal with a frequency of 100 kHz.

Multiplier and Adder Setup:

Both the message and carrier signals were fed into a multiplier, emphasizing the modulation process.
The resulting product was then connected to an adder.

Quadrature Phase Shifter (QPS) Application:

The message signal was subjected to a 90-degree phase shift using a Quadrature Phase Shifter. The
carrier signal was also phase-shifted by 90 degrees. These two signals were introduced to the adder
along with their original counterparts.

Observations:

The lab aimed to verify that the QPS module maintained a 90-degree phase difference between its
outputs when identical inputs were applied.

An oscilloscope configured in X-Y spectrum mode facilitated the observation of phase differences.

Adjustments for SSB Signal:

The experiment involved adjusting the gains of the adder inputs to achieve the desired SSB signal. The
gain "G" of one input was minimized while the gain of the other was adjusted to obtain a peak-to-peak
voltage of 4 volts.

Optimizing the Output:

Additional adjustments were made to the gains and phase shifter to eliminate ripples and enhance the
SSB signal quality.

Frequency Counter Analysis:

A frequency counter was employed to identify the modulation type of the generated signal. The analysis
determined that the signal had a frequency of 101 kHz.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the experiment on Single Sideband (SSB) generation using phase methods proved
successful in achieving the desired modulation outcome. The use of a Quadrature Phase Shifter (QPS)
effectively maintained a 90-degree phase difference between its outputs, contributing to the generation
of a clean SSB signal. Through systematic adjustments of gains and phase shifters, the output quality was
optimized, minimizing distortions. Frequency analysis confirmed the modulation type, with a signal
frequency of 101 kHz and a carrier frequency of 100 kHz. The hands-on learning experience enhanced
participants' understanding of modulation techniques, emphasizing the importance of precise
adjustments for successful signal processing in communication systems.