Week - 1 Reading Summary
Week - 1 Reading Summary
Week - 1 Reading Summary
Chapter - 1
SECTION 1.1 Data Communications and Networking for Today’s Enterprise
Data Communications and Networking for Today’s Enterprise refers to the infrastructure that
enables systems and applications within an organization to communicate, share information, and
analyze system performance. It includes various types of networks such as Local Area Networks
(LAN), Wide Area Networks (WAN), and Cloud networks, and employs technologies like
Software-Defined Wide Area Networks (SD-WAN) to connect geographically disparate
locations.
a basic model of communication involving a source, transmitter, transmission system, receiver, and
destination.
It highlights key tasks in data communication, including signal generation, transmission system
utilization, error detection, addressing, and network management.
The complexity of communication systems is outlined, emphasizing tasks like flow control,
synchronization, exchange management, and security.
It concludes by acknowledging the need for network management to configure, monitor, and plan for
the future growth of data communication systems.
SECTION 1.3 Data Communications
a simplified data communications model using electronic mail and a telephone conversation as examples.
It outlines the process from message creation to reception, emphasizing signal transmission, impairments,
error handling, and output. The telephone conversation scenario highlights signal distortion but notes the
comprehensibility of the received message. The summary acknowledges that certain key aspects, like
data link control techniques and multiplexing, are not covered in the discussion.
The data indicates a significant rise in internet users, reaching 3 billion by 2016, with over 20 billion
devices. The surge in user devices, particularly broadband, impacts traffic volume, set to increase from
372 exabytes to 1.3 zettabytes. Local Area Networks (LANs), especially Wi-Fi, are prevalent, presenting
challenges in interconnecting and managing diverse networks. Enterprise-wide communication demands
robust networks supporting various types of traffic. Advances in LAN switches enable integration of
voice, data, image, and video. Wide Area Networks (WANs) become essential with ubiquitous LANs,
requiring increased transmission and switching capacity. Understanding these technologies presents
business opportunities to leverage networks for competitiveness and productivity. Parts Three and Four
provide in-depth coverage of network topics.
The Internet originated from the ARPANET developed by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1969. Vint
Cerf and Bob Kahn developed protocols for internetworking, leading to the TCP/IP protocol suite,
forming the foundation for the Internet. Key elements include hosts, networks, and routers. The Internet
operates by breaking data into packets, each with a destination IP address, traveling through routers and
networks. The architecture comprises overlapping hierarchical networks. Hosts connect to LANs, which
connect to ISPs through POPs. Access technologies include DSL, cable modem, wireless, and satellite.
NAPs facilitate data exchange between connected networks. NSPs, ISPs, and POPs play crucial roles in
providing Internet access. The Internet's evolution involves exponential growth in hosts, users, and global
connections.
Chapter - 2
SECTION 2.1 Networks
When computers exchange data, especially in tasks like file transfer, complex procedures are
involved. These tasks include activating communication paths, ensuring readiness at both ends,
and handling format differences. A protocol architecture breaks down these tasks into layers,
forming a vertical stack. Each layer performs specific functions, relying on the layer below and
providing services to the layer above. Communication between systems is achieved through
corresponding layers using formatted data blocks following a set of rules called a protocol. The
key features of a protocol include syntax (data block format), semantics (control information),
and timing (speed and sequencing).
CP/IP is a result of protocol research and development conducted on the experimental packet-
switched network, ARPANET, funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
(DARPA), and is generally referred to as the TCP/IP protocol suite.
The TCP/IP Layers
• Physical layer
• Network access/data link layer
• Internet layer
• Host-to-host, or transport layer
• Application layer
The data explains how TCP and IP operate within the TCP/IP protocol architecture. It covers the reliable
communication process, addressing for hosts and processes, encapsulation of data with control
information, and transmission across layers. TCP ensures reliable data transfer between
applications, while IP handles network routing. IPv6 is introduced for increased address
capacity. The summary emphasizes the layered structure and interactions within the TCP/IP
architecture.
Service interaction involves primitives (request, indication, response, confirm) and parameters.
Time sequence of primitives creates confirmed or nonconfirmed services.
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