RWS - Lesson 4

Lesson 4
prepared by: MS. MARY GRACE L. CUASAY

Objective:
At the end of the lesson, students will be able to:
a. find out the meaning of a well-organized text
b. identify the difference between cohesion and coherence
c. explore a composition with proper language
d. find out the rules in mechanics
Organization is the structural
framework for writing.
Organization is the logical progression

and completeness of ideas in a text
=
TEXT ORGANIZATION
TEXT ORGANIZATION
• A well-organized piece of writing is not only clear but
also logical and aesthetic.
• It is necessary that you to identify the sequence of events from the
beginning to the end because a strong organization comprises
proper paragraphing and logical order of presentation of ideas.

Physical Presentation Text Structure
Textual Cues Expository

Narrative
• Headings
• Sub-headings
• Locating the main idea

• Topic sentence
• Thesis statement
1. FOCUS
1. FOCUS
2. DEVELOPMENT
• main idea and supporting idea
• paragraph should have at least 4 sentences which

explains the main idea
Coherence and cohesion are two basic
features that facilitate textual
continuity.
COHERENCE
The connection and organization
of ideas in a text to create unity
COHESION
Focuses on the overall structure of the
essay. It pays attention to links
between words and sentences.
A text will be cohesive if cohesive ties are used.
However, it will only be coherent if the cohesive ties are
used appropriately to create meaning
Coherence Cohesion
COHESION
Here is a chart of the transitional devices (also called conjunctive adverbs or
adverbial conjunctions) accompanied with a simplified definition of function.
again, also, and, and then, equally important, finally, first, further, furthermore,
addition in addition, in the first place, last, moreover, next, second, still, too
comparison also, in the same way, likewise, similarly
concession granted, naturally, of course
although, yet, at the same time, but at the same time, despite that, even so, even though. for all that,
contrast however, in contrast, is spite of, instead, nevertheless, notwithstanding, on the contrary, on the other
hand, otherwise, regardless, still, though
emphasis certainly, indeed, in fact, of course

example/ after all, as an illustration, even, for example, for instance, for conclusion, indeed, in fact,
illustration in other words, in short, it is true, namely, specifically, that is, to illustrate, thus, truly
all in all, altogether, as has been said, finally, in brief, in conclusion, in other words, in particular, in
summary short, in simpler terms, in summary, on the whole, that is, therefore, to summarize
ACTIVITY
For items 1-3, combine each pair of sentences by changing one sentence
to a subordinate clause. Use an appropriate subordinating conjunction
to link the ideas.
Sample: I got tired. It was so late.
Answer: I got tired because it was so late.
1. I was studying my lesson. I heard a loud crash in the next room.

2. I pulled the blankets on my bed. I was afraid.
3. I finally got up from where I was sitting. I heard the cat’s meow.
For items 4-5, continue the story by completing the sentences.

4. I went to get a broom so that _________________________________.
5. I did not get very much sleep that night because __________________.
Language is a powerful tool.
APPROPRIATE LANGUAGE USE

• Acceptable style of language for a particular form of text
• Determined when it is appropriate to use formal language or
informal language is acceptable.
LANGUAGE USE
There are four major issues with appropriate

language that should be avoided in an
effective and well-written text.
1. FORMALITY
The language one uses should depend on how
formal the situation is and how the writer and
the reader are related to one another.
2. JARGONS
Also called specialized language used by
groups of individuals in the same field,
should only be used if the target readers
belong to the same group.
3. SLANGS
Slangs are words, phrases, or expressions
that do not literally mean what they express
(like “frenemy” to describe someone who is
both a friend and an enemy)
4. EUPHEMISMS
Words that veil the truth shall also be
avoided.
Ex. “virtually challenged” for someone who is short
“passed away” instead of died
Effective language can be characterized as:
• Concrete and specific

• Concise
• Precise and clear
• Constructive
• Appropriately formal, not slang
Analyze these:
a. I hear somebody calling, Evelyn.

b. I hear somebody calling Evelyn.
Punctuation Capitalization
Spelling Abbreviation
Punctuation
COMMA
a. Use commas to separate words and word groups
in a simple series of three or more items.
Jupiter held meeting with Juno,

Minerva, Venus, and Apollo. Give me a
break.
Punctuation
COMMA
b. Commas set off expressions that interrupt the sentence flow,
such as nevertheless, after all, by the way, however, etc.
You are, however, exempted

Give me a
from taking the exam. break.
Punctuation
COMMA
c. When starting a sentence with a dependent clause, use a
comma after it.
If you will listen very well, you

Give me a
will understand the story. break.
Punctuation
COLON
• Use a colon to introduce a formal series of items.
We shall need the following

things for our camping: a tent,
Let's
blanket, flashlight, match, several

cooking utensils, and food items. introduce
Punctuation
SEMI-COLON
• The semi-colon separates independent clauses in a sentence.
The audience was entertained by the

performance of the fantastic duo; Let's join!
they clapped and cheered on top of

their voices.
Capitalization
a. Always capitalize the first word in a sentence.
Davao region is located on the

southeastern portion of Mindanao.
b. Capitalize proper nouns.

The Davao Crocodile Park is a must-
see destination in Davao City.
Capitalization
c. Capitalize the pronoun “I” and the interjection “O”.
Oh God, I thank you.
d. Capitalize professional when used before a personal name.
General Tione was arrested for

alleged graft.
Capitalization
e. Capitalize academic titles and their abbreviations when
they follow a personal name.
Mary Grace L. Cuasay, LPT
f. Capitalize brand names.
My dream car is Toyota Fortuner.
g. Capitalize days of the week, months of the year, and holidays.
Spelling
British American
English English
Abbreviation
✓Shortening of words.
a. Only abbreviate well-known terms.
TV for Television
b. Abbreviations that use capital letters are called initialisms.
M.D, LPT, RN
Rewrite this letter by placing the correct capitalization and punctuations,
correcting misspelled words, and writing the sentences in paragraph form.

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Lesson 4

prepared by: MS. MARY GRACE L. CUASAY

Organization is the logical progression

beginning to the end because a strong organization comprises

proper paragraphing and logical order of presentation of ideas.

Textual Cues Expository

• Locating the main idea

• paragraph should have at least 4 sentences which

emphasis certainly, indeed, in fact, of course

1. I was studying my lesson. I heard a loud crash in the next room.

For items 4-5, continue the story by completing the sentences.

APPROPRIATE LANGUAGE USE

There are four major issues with appropriate

• Concrete and specific

a. I hear somebody calling, Evelyn.

Jupiter held meeting with Juno,

You are, however, exempted

If you will listen very well, you

We shall need the following

blanket, flashlight, match, several

The audience was entertained by the

they clapped and cheered on top of

Davao region is located on the

b. Capitalize proper nouns.

Oh God, I thank you.

d. Capitalize professional when used before a personal name.

General Tione was arrested for

b. Abbreviations that use capital letters are called initialisms.

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